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  • European Marine Science
  • 2013-2022
  • Hacettepe Üniversitesi Açık Erişim ...

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    Authors: Vilizzi, Lorenzo; Copp, Gordon H.; Adamovich, Boris; Almeida, David; +32 Authors

    The freshwater Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) has been applied in 35 risk assessment areas in 45 countries across the six inhabited continents (11 applications using FISK v1; 25 using FISK v2). The present study aimed: to assess the breadth of FISK applications and the confidence (certainty) levels associated with the decision-support tool’s 49 questions and its ability to distinguish between taxa of low-to-medium and high risk of becoming invasive, and thus provide climate-specific, generalised, calibrated thresholds for risk level categorisation; and to identify the most potentially invasive freshwater fish species on a global level. The 1973 risk assessments were carried out by 70 + experts on 372 taxa (47 of the 51 species listed as invasive in the Global Invasive Species Database www.iucngisd.org/gisd/), which in decreasing order of importance belonged to the taxonomic Orders Cypriniformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes, Characiformes, Salmoniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, with the remaining ≈ 8% of taxa distributed across an additional 13 orders. The most widely-screened species (in decreasing importance) were: grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, common carp Cyprinus carpio, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva. Nine ‘globally’ high risk species were identified: common carp, black bullhead Ameiurus melas, round goby Neogobius melanostomus, Chinese (Amur) sleeper Perccottus glenii, brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki, largemouth (black) bass Micropterus salmoides, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus and pikeperch Sander lucioperca. The relevance of this global review to policy, legislation, and risk assessment and management procedures is discussed. Support for participation was provided to: GHC by Cefas and the UK Department of Environment, Food & Rural Affairs; BA by the Belarus Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research; ?F by a Bolyai J?nos Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; SMM by the NRF Professional Development Programme (Grant No. 1010140); RM by the Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico; MP by grants from the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-06-2016) and the University of Zagreb (1-28-121); FR by FRISK Project (FCT Ref. PTDC/AAG-MAA/0350/2014) and by the strategic plan of MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre: UID/MAR/04292/2013); PS by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia (OI173025) and the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-06-2016); OLFW by the National Research Foundation?South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (Grant No. 110507).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Radboud Repo...arrow_drop_down
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    Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
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    License: CC BY
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    RADaR
    Article . 2019
    Data sources: RADaR
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Radboud Repo...arrow_drop_down
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      Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Özaşir Ergezen, Ezgi;

    The stress distribution on the fixation units after sagittal split ramus osteotomy and its relation with mandibular height and length is considered to be an important factor regarding post-operative outcomes. To assess this relation, finite element models of mandibles with different heights and lengths were created. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy and 7 mm advancement was simulated on these models prior to fixation with miniplate, hybrid or inverted L system. 200 N force was applied from the incisal edge and the stress distribution on the fixation systems and the adjacent bone was evaluated. The maximum stress was measured on the miniplate system and the least stress was measured on the inverted L system. The stress was higher in the longer and thinner models, also the increase in length affected the stress change unfavorably comparing to the decrease in height. The mandibular models with greater alveolar height shared the stress with fixation units resulting a homogenous stress distribution. The least displacement was seen in hybrid system and the stress was reduced when a bicortical screw was used with a miniplate system. Based on the results of this study, when sagittal split advancement osteotomy is planned for a rather long or thin mandible, using the hybrid system for fixation should be considered since it is biomechanically advantageous. Sagittal split ramus osteotomisi sonrası fiksasyon sistemi ve kemik üzerine gelen stresin değerlendirilmesi ve stres dağılımının değişen mandibuler uzunluk (Go-Me arasındaki mesafe) ve kalınlık (mandibula alt sınırı–alveoler kret üst sınırı arasındaki mesafe) ile ilişkisinin daha iyi anlaşılmasının, post operatif dönemde daha öngörülebilir cerrahi sonuçlar almak için önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada kalınlığı ve uzunluğu değiştirilen mandibula modelleri sonlu eleman modelleme yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Sagittal split ramus osteotomisi ile 7 mm ilerletme uygulanan modeller; miniplak ve monokortikal vidalar, miniplak sistemine ek olarak uygulanan bikortikal vida (hibrit sistem) ve 3 adet bikortikal vidanın ters L konfigürasyonunda yerleştirildiği sistemler ile fikse edilerek insizal kenardan 200 N kuvvet uygulanmıştır. Fiksasyon sistemleri arasında en fazla stres miniplak sisteminde, en az stres ise ters L bikortikal vida sisteminde oluşmuştur. Uzun ve ince mandibula modellerinde, fiksasyon sistemi ve kemik üzerinde daha fazla stres oluşmuştur. Artan uzunlukla birlikte stresin kalınlık değişimine göre daha fazla arttığı ve mandibulanın kalınlaşması ile sistem üzerinde oluşan stresin kemik ve fiksasyon sistemi arasında paylaşıldığı görülmüştür. En az yer değiştirmenin hibrit sistemde oluştuğu ve miniplak sistemine ek olarak uygulanan bikortikal vidanın stabiliteye katkısı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, daha fazla stres oluşması beklenen uzun ve ince mandibulada sagittal split ramus osteotomisi ile ilerletme planlanan cerrahilerde hibrit sistem kullanımının biyomekanik olarak daha avantajlı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hacettepe Üniversite...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hacettepe Üniversite...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Göktürk, Tuğçe;

    Mandibular fractures are the second most common fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton. Approximately, more than half of the mandibular fractures occur in the teeth-bearing region. Consequently, every fracture in the dentate areas has the potential to involve teeth in the fracture line. Technique of internal fixation via miniplate – monocortical screws are accepted as gold standart for treatment of mandibular fractures. Fracture stabilization, fixation and reduction can be effected by retention or extraction of teeth in the fracture line. The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanical behaviors and consequences of internal fixation of mandibular fractures with retain or extraction of teeth in the fracture line, through finite element analysis models. Finite element analysis is an efficient method for evaluation of biomechanical behaviors of mandibular fractures. Angulus, corpus and parasymphisis fractures were simulated on the right side of the mandibular model. Fractures of the mandible are referred to as horizontally and vertically unfavorable depending on the angulations of fracture and force of the muscle pull. Fracture lines fixated by miniplate – monocortical screws and all mastication muscle forces were applied to models. Displacement between fracture fragments and stress on osteosynthesis materials values were analysed by using von Mises Stress and principal stress. As a result, retention of teeth in the fracture line has showed better biomechanical behaviours. İÇİNDEKİLER ONAY iii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI iv TEŞEKKÜR SAYFASI v ÖZET vi ABSTRACT vii İÇİNDEKİLER viii SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR x ŞEKİLLER xii TABLOLAR xv GRAFİKLER xvi 1. GİRİŞ 1 2. GENEL BİLGİLER 3 2.1. Mandibula Anatomisi 3 2.1.1. Mandibula Embriyolojisi 3 2.1.2. Mandibula Kemik Anatomisi 3 2.1.3. Mandibula Beslenmesi, İnervasyonu ve Drenajı 4 2.1.4. Çiğneme Kasları 5 2.1.5. Temporomandibuler Eklem ve Ligamanlar 7 2.2. Mandibula Kırık Tedavi Yaklaşımında Tarihsel Gelişim 8 2.3. Mandibula Kırıkların Sınıflandırılması 10 2.4. Mandibula Kırıklarının Epidemiyolojisi 14 2.5 Mandibula Kırıkların Tedavileri 15 2.5.1. Redüksiyon 16 2.5.2. Fiksasyon (Sabitleme) 19 2.6. Kırık Hattındaki Dişler 20 2.7. Kırıklarda Kemik iyileşmesi 21 2.7.1. İndirekt (Sekoder) Kırık iyileşmesi 21 2.7.2. Direkt (Primer) Kırık iyileşmesi 22 2.8. Mandibula Biyomekaniği 24 ix 2.8.1. Mandibuler Kemiğin Materyal Özellikleri 28 2.8.2. Fonksiyon Sırasında Mandibulada Meydana Gelen Deformasyonlar 28 2.8.3. Mandibula Şekli ve Geometrisinin Mekanik Sonuçları 31 2.8.4. Mandibula Kırık ve Fiksasyon Biyomekaniği 32 2.9. Gerilim Analizi 35 2.9.1. Gerilim Analizinde Kullanılan Temel Mekanik Kavramlar 35 2.9.2. Gerilim Analizi Yöntemleri 36 2.10. Sonlu Eleman Analizi 38 3. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM 41 3.1. Modelleme ve Ağ yapısının Oluşturulması 41 3.2. Osteosentez Modelleri 46 3.3. Materyal Özellikleri 48 3.4. Sınır Şartlarının Tayini (Boundary Conditions) 49 3.5. Analiz 50 4. BULGULAR 51 4.1. Yer değiştirme 51 4.2. Plaklar Üzerine Gelen Gerilimler 54 4.3. Vidalar Üzerine Gelen Gerilimler 61 4.4. Kemik Üzerine Gelen Gerilimler 68 5. TARTIŞMA 78 6. SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER 93 KAYNAKLAR 94 Mandibula kırıkları, maksillofasiyal bölgenin en çok görülen kırıklarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Mandibula kırıklarının yaklaşık yarısından fazlası dişli bölgede oluşmaktadır ve buna bağlı olarak da dişli bölgede meydana gelen her kırık, kırık hattı içerisinde diş içerme potansiyaline sahiptir. Miniplak – monokortikal vida osteosentezi ile yapılan açık redüksiyon internal fiksasyon, günümüzde mandibula kırıklarının cerrahi tedavisinde standart yöntem olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kırık hattındaki dişin korunmasının veya çekilmesinin tedavinin ana prensiplerinden olan, kırığın stabilizasyonu, fiksasyonu ve redüksiyonu gibi biyomekanik faktörler üzerinde ciddi etkileri olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile, mandibula kırıklarının internal fiksasyonunda, kırık hattındaki dişin çekimi veya korunmasının kırık biyomekaniğine etkisi sonlu eleman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kemiğin biyomekanik davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi için etkin bir metod olarak düşünülen sonlu eleman analizi ile oluşturulan mandibula modelinde, angulus, korpus ve parasimfiz bölgelerindeki horizontal ve vertikal kötü kırıklar, miniplak – monokortikal vidalar ile sabitlenmiştir. Her bölgedeki kırık için, kırık hattındaki dişin korunduğu ve çekildiği modellere, temel ve yardımcı çiğneme kaslarının çekişleri uygulanmıştır. Kırık fragmanlarının yer değiştirmesi ve osteosentez materyalleri ile kemiğe gelen gerilimler von Mises Gerilimi ve Asal Gerilim üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, mandibula kırıklarının tamirininde, kırık hattındaki dişin korunması, biyomekanik olarak daha iyi bulgular vermiştir.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hacettepe Üniversite...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hacettepe Üniversite...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vilizzi, Lorenzo; Copp, Gordon H.; Adamovich, Boris; Almeida, David; +32 Authors

    The freshwater Fish Invasiveness Screening Kit (FISK) has been applied in 35 risk assessment areas in 45 countries across the six inhabited continents (11 applications using FISK v1; 25 using FISK v2). The present study aimed: to assess the breadth of FISK applications and the confidence (certainty) levels associated with the decision-support tool’s 49 questions and its ability to distinguish between taxa of low-to-medium and high risk of becoming invasive, and thus provide climate-specific, generalised, calibrated thresholds for risk level categorisation; and to identify the most potentially invasive freshwater fish species on a global level. The 1973 risk assessments were carried out by 70 + experts on 372 taxa (47 of the 51 species listed as invasive in the Global Invasive Species Database www.iucngisd.org/gisd/), which in decreasing order of importance belonged to the taxonomic Orders Cypriniformes, Perciformes, Siluriformes, Characiformes, Salmoniformes, Cyprinodontiformes, with the remaining ≈ 8% of taxa distributed across an additional 13 orders. The most widely-screened species (in decreasing importance) were: grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, common carp Cyprinus carpio, rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss, silver carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and topmouth gudgeon Pseudorasbora parva. Nine ‘globally’ high risk species were identified: common carp, black bullhead Ameiurus melas, round goby Neogobius melanostomus, Chinese (Amur) sleeper Perccottus glenii, brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus, eastern mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki, largemouth (black) bass Micropterus salmoides, pumpkinseed Lepomis gibbosus and pikeperch Sander lucioperca. The relevance of this global review to policy, legislation, and risk assessment and management procedures is discussed. Support for participation was provided to: GHC by Cefas and the UK Department of Environment, Food & Rural Affairs; BA by the Belarus Republican Foundation for Fundamental Research; ?F by a Bolyai J?nos Fellowship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences; SMM by the NRF Professional Development Programme (Grant No. 1010140); RM by the Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO), Mexico; MP by grants from the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-06-2016) and the University of Zagreb (1-28-121); FR by FRISK Project (FCT Ref. PTDC/AAG-MAA/0350/2014) and by the strategic plan of MARE (Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre: UID/MAR/04292/2013); PS by grants from the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia (OI173025) and the Croatian Science Foundation (IP-06-2016); OLFW by the National Research Foundation?South African Research Chairs Initiative of the Department of Science and Technology (Grant No. 110507).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Radboud Repo...arrow_drop_down
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    Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
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    RADaR
    Article . 2019
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ NARCIS; Radboud Repo...arrow_drop_down
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      Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Özaşir Ergezen, Ezgi;

    The stress distribution on the fixation units after sagittal split ramus osteotomy and its relation with mandibular height and length is considered to be an important factor regarding post-operative outcomes. To assess this relation, finite element models of mandibles with different heights and lengths were created. Sagittal split ramus osteotomy and 7 mm advancement was simulated on these models prior to fixation with miniplate, hybrid or inverted L system. 200 N force was applied from the incisal edge and the stress distribution on the fixation systems and the adjacent bone was evaluated. The maximum stress was measured on the miniplate system and the least stress was measured on the inverted L system. The stress was higher in the longer and thinner models, also the increase in length affected the stress change unfavorably comparing to the decrease in height. The mandibular models with greater alveolar height shared the stress with fixation units resulting a homogenous stress distribution. The least displacement was seen in hybrid system and the stress was reduced when a bicortical screw was used with a miniplate system. Based on the results of this study, when sagittal split advancement osteotomy is planned for a rather long or thin mandible, using the hybrid system for fixation should be considered since it is biomechanically advantageous. Sagittal split ramus osteotomisi sonrası fiksasyon sistemi ve kemik üzerine gelen stresin değerlendirilmesi ve stres dağılımının değişen mandibuler uzunluk (Go-Me arasındaki mesafe) ve kalınlık (mandibula alt sınırı–alveoler kret üst sınırı arasındaki mesafe) ile ilişkisinin daha iyi anlaşılmasının, post operatif dönemde daha öngörülebilir cerrahi sonuçlar almak için önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir. Bu çalışmada kalınlığı ve uzunluğu değiştirilen mandibula modelleri sonlu eleman modelleme yöntemi ile elde edilmiştir. Sagittal split ramus osteotomisi ile 7 mm ilerletme uygulanan modeller; miniplak ve monokortikal vidalar, miniplak sistemine ek olarak uygulanan bikortikal vida (hibrit sistem) ve 3 adet bikortikal vidanın ters L konfigürasyonunda yerleştirildiği sistemler ile fikse edilerek insizal kenardan 200 N kuvvet uygulanmıştır. Fiksasyon sistemleri arasında en fazla stres miniplak sisteminde, en az stres ise ters L bikortikal vida sisteminde oluşmuştur. Uzun ve ince mandibula modellerinde, fiksasyon sistemi ve kemik üzerinde daha fazla stres oluşmuştur. Artan uzunlukla birlikte stresin kalınlık değişimine göre daha fazla arttığı ve mandibulanın kalınlaşması ile sistem üzerinde oluşan stresin kemik ve fiksasyon sistemi arasında paylaşıldığı görülmüştür. En az yer değiştirmenin hibrit sistemde oluştuğu ve miniplak sistemine ek olarak uygulanan bikortikal vidanın stabiliteye katkısı olduğu görülmüştür. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları değerlendirildiğinde, daha fazla stres oluşması beklenen uzun ve ince mandibulada sagittal split ramus osteotomisi ile ilerletme planlanan cerrahilerde hibrit sistem kullanımının biyomekanik olarak daha avantajlı olacağı sonucuna varılmıştır.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hacettepe Üniversite...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Göktürk, Tuğçe;

    Mandibular fractures are the second most common fractures of the maxillofacial skeleton. Approximately, more than half of the mandibular fractures occur in the teeth-bearing region. Consequently, every fracture in the dentate areas has the potential to involve teeth in the fracture line. Technique of internal fixation via miniplate – monocortical screws are accepted as gold standart for treatment of mandibular fractures. Fracture stabilization, fixation and reduction can be effected by retention or extraction of teeth in the fracture line. The purpose of this study is to analyze the biomechanical behaviors and consequences of internal fixation of mandibular fractures with retain or extraction of teeth in the fracture line, through finite element analysis models. Finite element analysis is an efficient method for evaluation of biomechanical behaviors of mandibular fractures. Angulus, corpus and parasymphisis fractures were simulated on the right side of the mandibular model. Fractures of the mandible are referred to as horizontally and vertically unfavorable depending on the angulations of fracture and force of the muscle pull. Fracture lines fixated by miniplate – monocortical screws and all mastication muscle forces were applied to models. Displacement between fracture fragments and stress on osteosynthesis materials values were analysed by using von Mises Stress and principal stress. As a result, retention of teeth in the fracture line has showed better biomechanical behaviours. İÇİNDEKİLER ONAY iii YAYIMLAMA VE FİKRİ MÜLKİYET HAKLARI BEYANI iv TEŞEKKÜR SAYFASI v ÖZET vi ABSTRACT vii İÇİNDEKİLER viii SİMGELER VE KISALTMALAR x ŞEKİLLER xii TABLOLAR xv GRAFİKLER xvi 1. GİRİŞ 1 2. GENEL BİLGİLER 3 2.1. Mandibula Anatomisi 3 2.1.1. Mandibula Embriyolojisi 3 2.1.2. Mandibula Kemik Anatomisi 3 2.1.3. Mandibula Beslenmesi, İnervasyonu ve Drenajı 4 2.1.4. Çiğneme Kasları 5 2.1.5. Temporomandibuler Eklem ve Ligamanlar 7 2.2. Mandibula Kırık Tedavi Yaklaşımında Tarihsel Gelişim 8 2.3. Mandibula Kırıkların Sınıflandırılması 10 2.4. Mandibula Kırıklarının Epidemiyolojisi 14 2.5 Mandibula Kırıkların Tedavileri 15 2.5.1. Redüksiyon 16 2.5.2. Fiksasyon (Sabitleme) 19 2.6. Kırık Hattındaki Dişler 20 2.7. Kırıklarda Kemik iyileşmesi 21 2.7.1. İndirekt (Sekoder) Kırık iyileşmesi 21 2.7.2. Direkt (Primer) Kırık iyileşmesi 22 2.8. Mandibula Biyomekaniği 24 ix 2.8.1. Mandibuler Kemiğin Materyal Özellikleri 28 2.8.2. Fonksiyon Sırasında Mandibulada Meydana Gelen Deformasyonlar 28 2.8.3. Mandibula Şekli ve Geometrisinin Mekanik Sonuçları 31 2.8.4. Mandibula Kırık ve Fiksasyon Biyomekaniği 32 2.9. Gerilim Analizi 35 2.9.1. Gerilim Analizinde Kullanılan Temel Mekanik Kavramlar 35 2.9.2. Gerilim Analizi Yöntemleri 36 2.10. Sonlu Eleman Analizi 38 3. GEREÇ VE YÖNTEM 41 3.1. Modelleme ve Ağ yapısının Oluşturulması 41 3.2. Osteosentez Modelleri 46 3.3. Materyal Özellikleri 48 3.4. Sınır Şartlarının Tayini (Boundary Conditions) 49 3.5. Analiz 50 4. BULGULAR 51 4.1. Yer değiştirme 51 4.2. Plaklar Üzerine Gelen Gerilimler 54 4.3. Vidalar Üzerine Gelen Gerilimler 61 4.4. Kemik Üzerine Gelen Gerilimler 68 5. TARTIŞMA 78 6. SONUÇ VE ÖNERİLER 93 KAYNAKLAR 94 Mandibula kırıkları, maksillofasiyal bölgenin en çok görülen kırıklarından biri olarak kabul edilmektedir. Mandibula kırıklarının yaklaşık yarısından fazlası dişli bölgede oluşmaktadır ve buna bağlı olarak da dişli bölgede meydana gelen her kırık, kırık hattı içerisinde diş içerme potansiyaline sahiptir. Miniplak – monokortikal vida osteosentezi ile yapılan açık redüksiyon internal fiksasyon, günümüzde mandibula kırıklarının cerrahi tedavisinde standart yöntem olarak kabul edilmektedir. Kırık hattındaki dişin korunmasının veya çekilmesinin tedavinin ana prensiplerinden olan, kırığın stabilizasyonu, fiksasyonu ve redüksiyonu gibi biyomekanik faktörler üzerinde ciddi etkileri olabilmektedir. Bu çalışma ile, mandibula kırıklarının internal fiksasyonunda, kırık hattındaki dişin çekimi veya korunmasının kırık biyomekaniğine etkisi sonlu eleman analizi yöntemi kullanılarak değerlendirilmeye çalışılmıştır. Kemiğin biyomekanik davranışlarının değerlendirilmesi için etkin bir metod olarak düşünülen sonlu eleman analizi ile oluşturulan mandibula modelinde, angulus, korpus ve parasimfiz bölgelerindeki horizontal ve vertikal kötü kırıklar, miniplak – monokortikal vidalar ile sabitlenmiştir. Her bölgedeki kırık için, kırık hattındaki dişin korunduğu ve çekildiği modellere, temel ve yardımcı çiğneme kaslarının çekişleri uygulanmıştır. Kırık fragmanlarının yer değiştirmesi ve osteosentez materyalleri ile kemiğe gelen gerilimler von Mises Gerilimi ve Asal Gerilim üzerinden analiz edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, mandibula kırıklarının tamirininde, kırık hattındaki dişin korunması, biyomekanik olarak daha iyi bulgular vermiştir.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hacettepe Üniversite...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Hacettepe Üniversite...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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