• European Marine Science
• Other ORP type close

Climate change has led to an increase in permafrost warming and thaw at global scale. Land surface change associated with permafrost thaw include the acceleration of Arctic coastal erosion, increased thaw slumping in hillslope regions, the drainage and formation of lakes, as well as an intensification of disturbances on land, such as forest fires and droughts. Thermo-erosion threatens infrastructure and leads to gullying, slumping, and even landslides. Arctic communities living on frozen ground are strongly affected by these processes and are increasingly forced to adapt their livelihoods. In some areas, the relocation of settlements has become the last resort and is already actively planned for several communities in Alaska. Remote sensing analyses can be applied to detect and map permafrost disturbances at high spatial resolution across large regions to quantify landscape change, hydrological dynamics, and permafrost vulnerability. In the ERC PETA-CARB, ESA CCI Permafrost, and NSF Permafrost Discovery Gateway projects, a pan-arctic time series covering twenty years was produced using Landsat TM, ETM+, and OLI imagery. Following good scientific practice, this data is published via a digital data library and also available through a cloud-based analysis platform to facilitate re-use by other scientists. However, the data is not readily designed and presented to be interpreted by non-scientists and non-experts. In order to make the scientific findings more easily accessible, within the EU Arctic PASSION project we designed a tailored web-based portal specifically targeting non-scientific user communities, stakeholders, and rightsholders as part of the projects Permafrost Pilot Service. With the new portal, the Arctic Landscape EXplorer (ALEX), we provide interactive maps for recent information on land surface changes, hot spots of disturbances, and potential areas of active permafrost thaw and erosion. While focusing on the local to regional scale relevant for private users, as well as local, regional, and state-level decision makers, exploring the data up to the pan-arctic scale may open new avenues for understanding permafrost change for the general public. Recent consultations with local representatives and stakeholders from Alaska aimed to ensure that their actual information needs are met. Having received positive feedback and strong interest in the tool encouraged us to continue our work.

Aquaculture has grown exponentially during the last decades, even overcoming traditional fishing in volume since2012 (Iñarra et al, 2018). The rise of the production of fish involves the rise of fish by-products, that in case ofbeing disposed could suppose an environmental risk. Fish viscera are part of the by-products used to producefishmeal and are the 10-18 % of the whole fish weight.Fish silage or acid autolysis is commonly used in areas with high fisheries rates and consists of liquefactionand stabilization of minced fish at room temperature, normally adding formic acid until reaching a pH between3.5 and 4.5 to prevent microbial growth. Hydrolysis of proteins occurs thanks to the endogenous acid proteasesthat are located at the fish viscera, which enable to get low molecular weight peptides and amino acids (Toppe etal, 2018). The resulting protein hydrolysates could be used as fertilisers. However, silage can take several days toachieve a high hydrolysis degree. In this work, autolysis has been carried out simulating the conditions ofenzymatic hydrolysis but only working with the endogenous enzymes from fish viscera with the aim ofaccelerating a typical silage to get free amino acids while saving costs derived from the use of commercialenzymes

The Paleozoic represents a key time interval in the origins and early diversification of chondrichthyans (cartilaginous fishes), but their diversity and macroevolution are largely obscured by heterogenous spatial and temporal sampling. The predominantly cartilaginous skeletons of chondrichthyans pose an additional limitation on their preservation potential and hence on the quality of their fossil record. Here, we use a newly compiled genus-level dataset and the application of sampling standardization methods to analyze global total-chondrichthyan diversity dynamics through time from their first appearance in the Ordovician through to the end of the Permian. Subsampled estimates of chondrichthyan genus richness were initially low in the Ordovician and Silurian but increased substantially in the early Devonian. Richness reached its maximum in the middle Carboniferous before dropping across the Carboniferous/Permian boundary and gradually decreasing throughout the Permian. Sampling is higher in both the Devonian and Carboniferous compared with the Silurian and most of the Permian stages. Shark-like scales from the Ordovician are too limited to allow for some of the subsampling techniques. Our results detect two Paleozoic radiations in chondrichthyan diversity: the first in the earliest Devonian, led by acanthodians (stem-group chondrichthyans), which then decline rapidly by the late Devonian, and the second in the earliest Carboniferous, led by holocephalans, which increase greatly in richness across the Devonian-Carboniferous boundary. Dispersal of chondrichthyans, specifically holocephalans, into deeper water environments may reflect a niche expansion following the faunal displacement in the aftermath of the Hangenberg extinction event at the end of the Devonian. Funding provided by: Natural Environment Research CouncilCrossref Funder Registry ID: https://ror.org/02b5d8509Award Number: NE/L002493/1 Funding provided by: SYNTHESYS project*Crossref Funder Registry ID: Award Number: All information on data collection as well as specific details can be found in the Methods section of the manuscript. Please also see the README file for additional data & method information.

Code and data to reproduce the analysis and figures in "Synchronous drivers of equatorial Atlantic productivity" by Brandt et al.

SOCAT v2023 DSG Files

SOCAT v2023 DSG Files

SOCAT v2023 DSG Files

SOCAT v2023 DSG Files

SOCAT v2023 DSG Files

SOCAT v2023 DSG Files