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Le carbone noir est une petite particule d'aérosol (ou aérienne) de courte durée de vie liée au réchauffement climatique et aux effets nocifs sur la santé. Il est rejeté par la combustion incomplète de carburants à base de carbone (c.-à-d. les combustibles fossiles, les biocarburants ou le bois) sous la forme de matière particulaire très fine. Le carbone noir n'est pas rejeté seul, mais en tant que composante d'une matière particulaire d'un diamètre inférieur ou égal à 2,5 micromètres (PM2,5). En tant que membre du Conseil de l'Arctique, le Canada est engagé à produire un inventaire annuel des émissions de carbone noir. Ces données serviront à informer les Canadiens au sujet des émissions de carbone noir et à fournir des renseignements inestimables pour l'élaboration de stratégies de gestion de la qualité de l'air. Les données utilisées pour la compilation du rapport proviennent des sections de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques (IEPA) en particulier pour les émissions de matières particulaires fines (PM2,5) provenant de sources liées à la combustion. Nous contacter : apei-iepa@ec.gc.ca Renseignements supplémentaires Pour un complément d'information sur l'Inventaire des émissions de carbone noir du Canada, consulter : https://Canada.ca/carbone-noir Pour les émissions canadiennes d'autres polluants atmosphériques, se reporter à l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques : https://www.canada.ca/fr/environnement-changement-climatique/services/polluants/inventaire-emissions-atmospheriques-apercu.html Outil d'interrogation interactif de l'IEPA et carbone noir : https://pollution-waste.canada.ca/air-emission-inventory/?GoCTemplateCulture=fr-CA Soutien aux projets : Inventaire des émissions de carbone noir au Canada 2013-2021 Black carbon is a short-lived, small aerosol (or airborne) particle linked to both climate warming and adverse health effects. It is emitted from incomplete combustion of carbon-based fuels (i.e., fossil fuels, biofuels, wood) in the form of very fine particulate matter. Black carbon is not emitted on its own, but as a component of particulate matter less than or equal to 2.5 micrometres in diameter (PM2.5). As a member of the Arctic Council, Canada has committed to producing an annual inventory of black carbon emissions. This data will serve to inform Canadians about black carbon emissions and provide valuable information for the development of air quality management strategies. The data used to compile the report originate from sections of the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory (APEI) specifically fine particulate matter (PM2.5) emissions from combustion-related sources. Contact us: apei-iepa@ec.gc.ca Supplemental Information For more information on Canada's Black Carbon Inventory, please visit: https://Canada.ca/black-carbon For Canada's emissions of other air pollutants, please reference the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory: https://Canada.ca/APEI APEI and Black Carbon Interactive Query Tool: https://pollution-waste.canada.ca/air-emission-inventory Supporting Projects: Canada's Black Carbon Inventory for 2013-2021

This data set includes four files (CSV format) containing observational data from two oceanographic moorings, BB and FF, located in the Southern Adriatic Sea from the period between March 2012 and June 2020. The stand-alone moorings are equipped with a 300 kHz ADCP-RDI system, which measures currents along the last 100 meters of the water column and a CTD recorder equipped with SeaPoint turbidity meter sensor located approximatively 10 m above the bottom. The turbidity sensor measures in a range of 0-25 FTU. Moorings were configured and maintained for continuous long-term monitoring following the approach of the CIESM Hydrochanges Program (www.ciesm.org/marine/programs/hydrochanges.html). The moorings are currently operational as from 2021 they have joined the southern Adriatic Sea submarine observatory system of the EMSO-ERIC European Consortium. The data were subjected to quality control (QC) and the coding numbers used, shown in a dedicated column, follow the SeaDataNet L20 measurement qualifiers flags. QC applied on echo data consists of detecting signal anomalies due to interactions with the seafloor and identifying if the signal falls below a minimum threshold for which the value is no longer considered reliable. For turbidity data, QC is addressed to the detections of possible spikes, anomalies, and sensor saturation in the recordings.

The multi-species ecosystem model SS-DBEM integrates a species based model (DBEM) with the spectrum approach (SS). This model includes a large number of mechanisms and ecological processes such as population growth, movement, and dispersal of adults and larvae, as well as the ecophysiological effects of temperature, oxygen, and pH on body size, growth, mortality, and reproduction. The SS-DBEM model provides spatially (at a 0.5x0.5º resolution) and temporally (yearly) resolved predictions of changes in species’ size, abundance and biomass with consideration of competition. The competition algorithm describes the resource allocation between different species co-occurring in a spatial unit (thereafter cell) by comparing the flux of energy (in biomass) that can be supported (estimated with the SS model) with the energy demanded by the species predicted to inhabit that cell (estimated with the DBEM model). In addition, the environmental conditions are considered in the mechanisms and since there are different environmental conditions that are provided by the biogeochemical models, species responses are also different spatially. See readme.txt for scientific publications developing and using the model.

The positive effect of fully protected Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on marine biodiversity, specifically on fishes, has been widely documented. In contrast, the potential of MPAs to mitigate the impact of adverse climatic conditions has seldom been investigated. Here, we assessed the effectiveness of MPAs, quantified as increasing fish biomass, across wide geographic and environmental gradients across the Mediterranean Sea. We performed underwater visual surveys within and outside MPAs to characterize fish assemblages in 52 rocky reef sites across an extent of over 3,300 km. We used the steep spatial temperature gradient across the Mediterranean as a 'space-for-time' substitution to infer climate-driven temporal changes. We found that, as expected, Mediterranean MPAs increased fish biomass. At the same time, higher seawater temperatures are associated with decreased fish biomass, changes in species composition, and shifts towards more thermophilic species. Importantly, we found that the rate of decrease in fish biomass with temperature was similar between protected and fished sites. Taken together, these results suggest that the capacity of MPAs to harbor higher fish biomass, compared to surrounding areas, is maintained across a broad temperature range. At the same time, MPAs will not be able to offset larger-scale biotic alterations associated with climate change. Policy implications: Our results suggest that sustained warming will likely reduce fish biomass in the Mediterranean Sea and shift community structure, requiring more conservative targets for fishery regulations. At the same time, protection from fishing will remain an important management tool even with future high-water temperatures, and MPAs are expected to continue to provide local-scale benefits to conservation and fisheries.

Triple threat processes and/or other forcings can lead to changes in the ocean happening fast and abruptly. These changes, referred to as “tipping points”, are critical thresholds in a marine system that, when exceeded, can lead to a significant change in the state of the system, which often can be irreversible. This product has been prepared with the financial support of Norges forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) (309382) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 820989 (project COMFORT, Our common future ocean in the Earth system – quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points). The work reflects only the author’s/authors’ view; the European Commission and their executive agency are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information the work contains.

Le présent rapport décrit une analyse des données provenant des journaux de bord de la pêche côtière au homard dans la région des Maritimes déclarées à l'échelle du quadrillage, y compris des données relatives à la zone grise de la baie de Fundy consignées sous forme de coordonnées. On a dressé des cartes annuelles et combinées (2015–2019) avec quadrillage pour consigner les débarquements, le nombre de casiers levés et la même série d'éléments normalisés par zone des grilles. En outre, on a dressé des cartes indiquant le poids des prises par nombre de casiers levés comme indice des prises par unité d'effort. Les différences spatiales relatives à la pression de la pêche, aux débarquements et aux prises par unité d'effort figurent dans les cartes; on y décrit également les applications de cartographie possibles. La cartographie de la répartition et de l'intensité des activités de pêche au homard côtière a des applications de gestion pour la planification spatiale et l'aide à la prise de décision connexe. L'absence de coordonnées de latitude et de longitude à l'échelle régionale pour l'effort et les débarquements de homard côtière limite l'utilité des données des journaux commerciaux pour des fins de planification spatiale marine. This report describes an analysis of Maritimes Region inshore lobster logbook data reported at a grid level, including Bay of Fundy Disputed Zone data reported at the coordinate level. Annual and composite (2015–2019) grid maps were produced for landings, number of trap hauls, and the same series standardized by grid area, as well as maps of catch weight per number of trap hauls as an index of catch per unit effort (CPUE). Spatial differences in fishing pressure, landings, and CPUE are indicated, and potential mapping applications are outlined. Mapping the distribution and intensity of inshore lobster fishing activity has management applications for spatial planning and related decision support. The lack of region-wide latitude and longitude coordinates for inshore lobster effort and landings limits the utility of commercial logbook data for marine spatial planning purposes.

In work package 2 of FLOATECH a detailed validation and verification of the capabilities of QBlade-Ocean is ongoing. Thereby, three wind turbine models mounted on floating substructures with differing characteristics serve as the means for the validation.This dataset contains Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) calculations in various design situations, computed with three different codes. In more detail, three floating platform archetypes are used in the code-to-code comparison ongoing in work package 2: a semi-submersible-type floater and a spar-type floater as well as the Hexafloat® concept recently proposed by Saipem®. The three test-cases are the NREL 5MW RWT mounted on the DeepCwind semi-submersible platform, the DTU 10MW RWT mounted on the SOFTWIND spar-type platform and the DTU 10MW RWT mounted on the Hexafloat® platform. More details regarding the dataset structure and the testcases can be found in the accompanying document.

Triple threat processes and/or other forcings can lead to changes in the ocean happening fast and abruptly. These changes, referred to as “tipping points”, are critical thresholds in a marine system that, when exceeded, can lead to a significant change in the state of the system, which often can be irreversible. This leaflet has been prepared with the financial support of Norges forskningsråd (Research Council of Norway) (309382) and the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 820989 (project COMFORT, Our common future ocean in the Earth system – quantifying coupled cycles of carbon, oxygen, and nutrients for determining and achieving safe operating spaces with respect to tipping points). The work reflects only the author’s/authors’ view; the European Commission and their executive agency are not responsible for any use that may be made of the information the work contains.

Scripts and codes that have been used to produce the figures in Drews, A., Huo, W., Matthes, K., Kodera, K., and Kruschke, T.: The Sun's Role for Decadal Climate Predictability in the North Atlantic, Atmos. Chem. Phys. Discuss. [preprint], https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-2021-241

This data set includes n.4 files (NetCDF format) containing observational data and related metadata from two mooring sites, sites BB and FF, located in the Southern Adriatic Sea from the period from March 2012 to June 2020. The stand-alone moorings are equipped with an ADCP-RDI system which measures currents along the last 100 meters of the water column and a CTD probe located approximatively 10 m above the bottom. Moorings were configured and maintained for continuous long-term monitoring following the approach of the CIESM Hydrochanges Program (www.ciesm.org/marine/programs/hydrochanges.html). The moorings are currently operational as from 2021 they have joined the southern Adriatic submarine observatory of EMSO-ERIC European Consortium. The data are described in data paper Paladini et al., (In prep): Deep water hydrodynamic observations of two moorings sites on the continental slope of the Southern Adriatic Sea (Mediterranean Sea).