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This report attempts to fill that gap for two of the most important water-related issues facing the effects of climate variability and the steady degradation of the nation's water resources. The study reported here concluded that the El Niño-La Niña episode from 1997-2000 cost the country Ksh 290 billion (about 14 percent of GDP during that period). During El Niño-induced floods, this cost primarily arises from destruction of infrastructure such as roads, water supply infrastructure, and pipe networks. The largest costs incurred during the La Niña droughts (1998-2000) were from loss of industrial production and other costs arising from reduced hydropower generation, as well as from crop and livestock losses. These costs are felt throughout Kenyan society.

Inventario de las pesquerías españolas en el área CECAF. Descripción de la pesca artesanal canaria con cañas y líneas de mano: visión general, localización, actividad pesquera (área de pesca, recursos explotados, especies objetivo, especies acompañantes, tipo de barco, segmento de flota, estacionalidad, duración de las mareas, puertos e indicadores de la pesquería), uso y mercados, gestión (marco jurisdiccional, régimen de gestión), estado y tendencias y fuentes de información.

The Argentine hake (Merluccius hubbsi) is one of the most important fishery resources in the Southwest Atlantic. This species is widely distributed in the Patagonian shelf area and it is a major target species by international fleets in this South West Atlantic area. This paper presents results on the spatio-temporal distribution pattern of hake M. hubbsi abundance and environmental influence in the Patagonian shelf area. Spanish commercial fisheries data from 1989 to 1999 were used in the analysis. Data were collected by observers deployed by the IEO, Vigo (Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Vigo). The data include 15343 fishing haul records. CPUE (Catch Per Unit Effort, kg⋅hr-1) was used as an abundance index. The analyses of the general spatio-temporal pattern of fish abundance, and the influence of environmental factors, such as SST, SBT, depth, moon phase and cloud cover, on fish abundance and distribution, were based on correlation, variograms, and timeseries maps created using GIS. Hake-targeted fishing by Spanish fleets was mainly focused on the shelf-edge area between 44.5°S – 47.0°S outside the Argentinean EEZ and in the area northwest of the Falkland Islands. The centre of high abundance is located in the shelf-edge area between 44.5°S – 47.0°S, particularly in the west part (i.e. in shallower waters) and in winter. The correlations between fish abundance and cloud cover are overwhelming negative, indicating that higher catches usually occur in cloudy weather conditions. In the major hake-targeted fishing area between 44.5°S – 47.0°S, the negative relationship between fish abundance and sea surface temperature in most months may suggest that high fish abundance is related to the strong northward cold Falklands current, and abundance is positively related to sea depth in summer.

La campaña se realizó en el marco de la cooperación entre la Secretaría General de Pesca Marítima del Ministerio de Agricultura Pesca y Alimentación de España y el Ministerio de Pesca de la República de Angola. Se llevó a cabo a bordo del buque oceanográfico Vizconde de Eza, bajo la dirección científica del Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO) en colaboración con el Instituto de Investigaçao Marinha (IIM) de Angola. A petición de las autoridades pesqueras angolanas, el objetivo principal de la campaña consistió en la evaluación de las principales especies de crustáceos y de otros recursos demersales de interés pesquero, existentes en la plataforma y en el talud de la Zona Económica Exclusiva de la República de Angola.

Watershed management has come to be recognized as a critical issue in the Nile Basin. Upstream land use can cause degradation and soil erosion, resulting in lower agricultural yields locally and causing sedimentation downstream. The increased sediment load causes economic problems by reducing water quality, and irrigation and hydropower potential, as well as increasing flooding. This note shows how, through Basin-wide cooperation, the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) has led efforts to address these problems, developing successful projects to deliver real results to restore the Nile.

Presentation Nephrops norvegicus is a commercial species of the bottom fisheries in European western waters which yield has long-term variability. Their distribution is linked to suitable habitats of muddy sediment in which adults construct burrows but the influence of environmental factors on the populations was poorly investigated. Variability in the catch per unit effort (CPUE) of Nephrops norvegicus from Porcupine Bank (Southwest of Ireland) was explored using a time series approach. The CPUE time series (1979-2005) exhibited a seasonal pattern. The seasonal decomposition of the CPUE shows a declining trend in the trend and cycle component from 1982 onwards. ARMA univariate and dynamic regression models were fitted to the CPUE time series. Population (proportion of males, proportion of ovigerous females and recruits) and North Atlantic Oscillation index were tested at different lags to investigate possible factors related to the yield fluctuations.