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Selama krisis ekonomi temyata sektor yang berbasis sumberdaya alam telah menunjukkan ketangguhannya dalam menghadapi krisis. Subsektor perikanan dapat berperan dalam pemulihan dan pertumbuhan perekonomian bangsa ini karena potensi sumberdaya ikannya yang besar dalam jumlah maupun keragamannya. Tingkat pemanfaatan baru mencapai 63,49% dari potensi lestarinya sebesar 6,4 juta ton per tahun. Untuk mengelola sumberdaya ikan secara benar dibutuhkan informasi ilmiah menyangkut biologi ikan, dinamika sumberdaya ikan dan lingkungannya. Di sinilah peran iktiologi yang perlu diketahui oleh para stakeholders dan lainnya.

Preservation is a human effort to enhance durability and shelf life of the fish that the quality of fish remains in good condition. Irregularities in the use of formalin preservation would endanger the health of consumers. Cottonseed is containing compounds of Raffinose, proteins, fats that are cryoprotectants to cells and antimicrobe, that use of cottonseed to suppress use of formalin as a preservative of fish in the community. The method used by dissolving cottonseeds in organic solvents, where in the organic solvent effective to extract the active ingredients in cottonseed. The results showed use of cotton seed extract is 100% equal to 100% use of formalin in maintaining the quality of the fish. This is evidenced by organoleptic tests, pH and bacterial tests. Expected with these results, cottonseed can be a substitute for use of formalin.

Marine pollution to be contamination that often occurs at this time. Commonly, one of pollutants found at sea is heavy metal pollution because heavy metal can be dangerous, it is not degraded by the body, toxicity properties in living organisms even at low concentrations and can be accumulated in a certain period. Heavy metals are found in marine waters are polluted Cadmium (Cd). Biota were used as indicators of environmental pollution marine white is fish and shellfish bloating blood. Standard National Indonesia (SNI) based, maximum Content of Cadmium in the body of organisms was 0,2 mg/kg. The aimed of the study to determine differences in Heavy Metal Cadmium fish and shellfish bloating blood contained in Manyar, Gresik waters and the Jabon, Sidoarjo waters. This research is descriptive and the data obtained and analyzed Independent Samples T 2 test. Cadmium content analysis done by destructive methods then performed using Atomic Absorbance readings Spectrophotometric (AAS). Based on analysis of the has been done that cadmium content the heavy metal of cadmium content in the Manyar Gresik water, in Gresik on Mackerel average rate (0.12888) ppm, and still below the Indonesian National Standard threshold (SNI 0,2 mg/kg), and blood clams at (1.24483) ppm have exceeded the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 0,2 mg/kg). The content of cadmium in the Jabon Sidoarjo waters, the mackerel average rate (0,01891) ppm, and still below the threshold Indonesian National Standard (SNI 0,2 mg/kg), and blood clams at (0,69937) ppm, has exceeded threshold of the Indonesian National Standard (SNI 0,2 mg/kg).

Fish Fauna Diversity of upper Tabalong basin area, Tabalong District, SouthKalimantan. A survey was done to examine the freshwater fish fauna of the upper Tabalongarea, with emphasis on the PT. AYI production forest area, Tabalong District, SouthKalimantan Province. Field work done 13 - 28 June 2001. Fish were sampled at 26 sites inupper Tabalong, within the Tabalong Kiwa catchment above Panaan, on the Lou tributary ofthe Kumap River, and on the Ayu tributary of the Tabalong Kanan river. Sampling was doneusing a variety of methods including siene net, cast net, and gill net, hook and line, rotenoneand electrical shock 120 volt. A total of 93 fish species were recorded, in 34 genera and 11families. The fish fauna of upper Tabalong is typical of that in rivers systems in Kalimantan,in that is dominated by Cyprinidae family 45 species (48.4%) in 18 genera, 28 species(30.1%) in five genera of which are in the Balitoridae, five species (5.4%) in two genera ofMastacembelidae, four Species (4.3%) in two genera of Bagridae, Sisoridae, Channidae andTetraodontidae each three Species (3.2%) in one genera, two (2.1%) in two genera ofCobitidae, and the end Clariidae, Synbranchidae and Osphronemidae each one species (1.1%)in one genera. Five species of fish are new record of distrbution to Borneo, one species maybe New species (in process).

This study aims to (i) find out the magnitude of the Net Present Value (NPV) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) efforts to enlarge tilapia in cages in Sungai Hanyar Village (ii) to know the Pay Back Prize to restore business capital enlargement of tilapia in cages (iv) knowing the break-even point (Break Event Point) in an effort to enlarge tilapia in cages. The method used is descriptive method. The research design is case study design and field research. Analysis of the data used is financial and to make a feasibility study is financial analysis and to make a case study of field research. Data analysis using NPV, IRR <, and PBP. The total cost of maintaining tilapia is Rp. 55,210,012, - per year, while income is Rp. 153,250,000 per year and income in the tilapia fish maintenance business Rp. 101,836,000 million, - per year. In the maintenance business of tilapia H. Jam'an in Sungai Hanyar Banua Lawas Tabalong Regency based on an analysis of the investment feasibility of Net Net Value Value (NPV) of Rp. 220,353,136 is known, - The results of the study show NPV> 0, meaning that the effort to enlarge H.jam'an indigo is feasible / continued. Based on the Retrun calculation method internally produces 87% and the social opportunity cost of capital (SOCC) of 18% means IRR> SOCC, thus the business of enlarging H.Jam'an tilapia in Sungai Hanyar Village, Banua Lawas District, Tabalong Regency is feasible to be cultivated / next. The results of the feasibility analysis based on the payback period investment (PBP) in the maintenance business of H. Jam'an tilapia in Sungai Hanyar Banua Lawas, District of Tabalong 1 year 11 months 28 days have received a return on investment.

Currently a variety of activities and industrial activity at Bangkalan increas the presence Suramadu bridge. It will provide an increasingly severe impact on the coastal environment (Purnomo, 2007). In 2010 it has been observed that the heavy metal content of lead at marine district Bangkalan average reached 0.083 mg/l. The value has exceeded the maximum threshold of Pb in water that can be used fishing activity is 0.008 mg/l so that the marine district. Bangkalan classified as polluted. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of heavy metal lead (Pb) in fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the northern Bangkalan beaches. This research activity covers observations in the field and analysis laboratory in April-May 2013. Water and sediment sampling conducted at three locations in the waters of the North Coast Klampis, Sepulu and Tanjung Bumi, while samples of fish, crustaceans and mollusks capture for fishermen in the three of subdistrict. The purpose of this study was to determine levels of heavy metal lead (Pb) in fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the northern coast Bangkalan. The research activities include field observations and laboratory analysis in April-May 2013. Water and sediment sampling conducted at three locations in the waters of the North Coast Bangkalan include Klampis beach, Sepulu beach and Tanjung Bumi beach,, while samples of fish, crustaceans and mollusks in the capture of three fishermen in the district later in the analysis of lead content using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) in BBLK (Center for Health Laboratory) Surabaya. The results showed that the average content of heavy metals of lead on puffer fish 0.043 ppm, on manyung fish 0.095 ppm, on white shrimp 0.103 ppm, on crab 0.113 ppm, squid and mussels 0.149 ppm 0.08 ppm. The content has not exceeded the threshold value set by the government (fish: 0.3 ppm; crustaceans :0.5 ppm and mollusks : 1.5 ppm) (SNI, 2009) so it is still safe for human consumption. The average content of heavy metals in sea water is 0.135 ppm and sediment is 0.746 ppm. The content exceeds the threshold value set by the government (water: 0.008 ppm and sediment: 0.07 ppm) (SNI, 2009) so that in the long term is harmful to marine life that exist in the northern waters of the sea water quality Bangkalan.Water quality parameters in the coastal waters of the North Sea Bangkalan still in normal condition as habitat for marine life. Water quality parameters are still in good condition for growth in aquatic biota. Temperature ranges from 28 - 31oC, pH ranges from 6-8, dissolved oxygen ranged between 4-6 ppm, salinity ranged range 25-35 ppm.

Laboratory observation on the larvivorus ability of Poecilia reticulata was carries out by SASA et. al in Bangkok. 1965. This is a similar preliminary observation on several species of fishes, commonly found in Indonesia and known to have larvivorous habits. The objectives is to find which species can be utilised as a biological agent for larval control. It was observed that all fishes like to prey on mosquito larvae. The average numbers of larvae per fish consumed during ten days observation are : 86,5 for Trichogaster trichopterus; 29,4 for Ctenops vittatus; 22,3 for Dermogenys pusillus; 22 for Poecilia reticulata (female); 1 7,2 for Poecilia reticulata (male); 48,6 for Rasbora lateristriata; 52,8 for Punctius binotatus; 36,6 for Panchax panchax.

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) generally accepted as safe microorganism and play an important role in the fermen-tation and preservation of food/feed. LAB is known to extend the shelf life of food/feed, because of its ability to produce antibacterial compounds such as lactic acid, hydrogen peroxide and bacteriocins. The objective of this study was antibacterial compounds produced by Lactobacillus plantarum and their application for fish preserva-tive. The research results showed L. plantarum [Su-ls520, Su-ls530, Su-ls537] produces lactic acid from 71.16 to 77.91mg/mL, hydrogen peroxide from 0.17 to 0.25 mg/mL and producing bacteriocins indicated by the pres-ence of the gene encoding plantaricin, an antibacterial compounds that act as food preservative. Lactic acid 1.5% and 3% salt was not able to suppress the growth of bacteria, while fermentation solution (supernatant) of L. plantarum [Su-ls520, Su-ls530], chitosan 1.5% and a mixture of lactic acid 1.5% and salt 3% slightly sup-press the growth of spoilage bacteria on the fish material stored 48 hours at room temperature. Treatment with fermentation solution (supernatant) of L. plantarum Su-ls537 able to suppress strongly growth of spoilage bac-teria in fish material for 24 and 48 hours storage. At 72 hours of storage the fish material rotted, the addition of preservatives no longer able to suppress the growth of spoilage bacteria.

Di masa depan, pasokan hasil perikanan diharapkan berasal dari budidaya lebih besar dibandingkan dari penangkapan. Dengan demikian, budidaya ikan merupakan salah satu sumber pertumbuhan ekonomi yang harus diwujudkan melalui sitem budidaya yang berdaya saing, berkelanjutan dan berkeadilan. Pengembangan budidaya dilakukan baik di perairan tawar, payau dan laut yang keragaannya di tahun 2000 dikemukakan dalam tulisan ini. Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi kelayakan budidaya ikan yang terdiri dari faktor independen dan dependen, serta tingkat penerapan teknologi budidaya berdasarkan input pakan dan modifikasi lingkungan dibahas agar dijadikan dasar dalam peningkatan teknologi budidaya perikanan.

This research was carried out on July-August 2016 in the villages of Apengsala, Mohongsawang and Balehumara in SITARO District of North Sulawesi Province. It aims to make inventory of fish species, record the number of the fish caught, and get the local fishermen profile. Samples were bought from local fishermen who just returned from fishing areas in the traditional fish market “Burias”. The data of fishermen profile and fishing gears were retrieved from 30 respondents of Apengsala, Mohongsawang and Balehumara fishermen. Based on the results of the identification, interviewing and questionnaire filling, the conclusions are as follows: 1) there are 23 species of fish usually captured by local fishermen. 2.) there are 5 types of fishing gears often used by fishermen : Spear gun (Jubi), “ Darape” net (soma darape), traps (bubu), “Rawai” Rod (pancing rawai) and “Cang” net (soma cang). 3.) The average age and the length of fishing profession from 30 respondents data, ranges from 27-60 years old and 4-41 years of profession (Apengsala) ; 32-50 years old and 9-31 years of profession (Mohongsawang) ; and 20-65 years old and 1-41 years of profession (Balehumara). Only 1 respondens who is not married yet, mostly finished their study until elementary school, and only 9 respondents have odd jobs. Local fishermen can still meet the needs of the family life with a dependent varied with 3-7 person/family.