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The Resource Manager is a SOA based service in charge of managing gCube Scope contexts. The Resource Manager 2.0, by coordinating five distinguished services (Deployer, Software Gateway, Resource Broker, gCube Hosting Node Manager, Web Hosting Node Manager), realizes the VRE dynamic deployment by, respectively, collecting service implementations, selecting target nodes for deployment within the infrastructure, and hosting resources implementations at selected nodes. The primary role assigned to this service is to collects and manage all the resources and service implementations related to a specific Virtual Organization.

The gCube Information System (shortly, IS) delivers functionalities for publishing, discovering, and monitoring the set of resources forming the infrastructure. Moreover it allows to federate different infrastructures. It acts as the registry of the infrastructure, i.e. all the resources are registered in the IS and every service partaking in the infrastructure must refer to it to dynamically discover the other infrastructure constituents. Moreover, the approach provided by the IS is of great support for the dynamic deployment capabilities of gCube.

In the field of ocean observing, the term of “observatory” is often used without a unique meaning. A clear and unified definition of observatory is needed in order to facilitate the communication in a multidisciplinary community, to capitalize on future technological innovations and to support the observatory design based on societal needs. In this paper, we present a general framework to define the next generation Marine OBservatory (MOB), its capabilities and functionalities in an operational context. The MOB consists of four interconnected components or “gears” (observation infrastructure, cyberinfrastructure, support capacity, and knowledge generation engine) that are constantly and adaptively interacting with each other. Therefore, a MOB is a complex infrastructure focused on a specific geographic area with the primary scope to generate knowledge via data synthesis and thereby addressing scientific, societal, or economic challenges. Long-term sustainability is a key MOB feature that should be guaranteed through an appropriate governance. MOBs should be open to innovations and good practices to reduce operational costs and to allow their development in quality and quantity. A deeper biological understanding of the marine ecosystem should be reached with the proliferation of MOBs, thus contributing to effective conservation of ecosystems and management of human activities in the oceans. We provide an actionable model for the upgrade and development of sustained marine observatories producing knowledge to support science-based economic and societal decisions. Refereed 14.A Manual (incl. handbook, guide, cookbook etc) 2018-09-07

The gCube social networking facilities manifest in a number of applications made available through a thin Web browser are conceptually close to the common facilities promoted by social networks - e.g., posting news, commenting on posted news - yet adapted to deal with large scale collaboration and cooperation on comprehensive scientific products, data sets, theories and tools. Social Profile allow users to enter their professional data and contact information. It also allows to import the profile data directly from LinkedIn via the OAuth 2.0 protocol.

The gCube Information System (shortly, IS) delivers functionalities for publishing, discovering, and monitoring the set of resources forming the infrastructure. Moreover it allows to federate different infrastructures. It acts as the registry of the infrastructure, i.e. all the resources are registered in the IS and every service partaking in the infrastructure must refer to it to dynamically discover the other infrastructure constituents. Moreover, the approach provided by the IS is of great support for the dynamic deployment capabilities of gCube.

Developing enduring capacity to monitor ocean life requires investing in people and their institutions to build infrastructure, ownership, and long-term support networks. International initiatives can enhance access to scientific data, tools and methodologies, and develop local expertise to use them, but without ongoing engagement may fail to have lasting benefit. Linking capacity development and technology transfer to sustained ocean monitoring is a win-win proposition. Trained local experts will benefit from joining global communities of experts who are building the comprehensive Global Ocean Observing System (GOOS). This two-way exchange will benefit scientists and policy makers in developing and developed countries. The first step toward the GOOS is complete: identification of an initial set of biological Essential Ocean Variables (EOVs) that incorporate the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Essential Biological Variables (EBVs), and link to the physical and biogeochemical EOVs. EOVs provide a globally consistent approach to monitoring where the costs of monitoring oceans can be shared and where capacity and expertise can be transferred globally. Integrating monitoring with existing international reporting and policy development connects ocean observations with agreements underlying many countries’ commitments and obligations, including under SDG 14, thus catalyzing progress toward sustained use of the ocean. Combining scientific expertise with international capacity development initiatives can help meet the need of developing countries to engage in the agreed United Nations (UN) initiatives including new negotiations for the conservation and sustainable use of marine biological diversity of areas beyond national jurisdiction, and the needs of the global community to understand how the ocean is changing. Refereed 14.A Manual (incl. handbook, guide, cookbook etc) 2018-09-25

A sediment sequence (Co1260, 717 cm) from Late Glacial to Holocene of Lake Dojran, located at the border between Greece and F.Y.R. of Macedonia, has been investigated to provide a high-resolution pollen and NPPs analysis. Percentage, concentration and influx values have been interpreted to reconstruct the vegetational dynamics of the last 12500 years. Late Glacial is characterized by steppic taxa replaced by Holocene vegetation after 11500 yr BP. Mesophilous plants dominate for the entire Holocene. The first human trace is clear since 5000 yr BP, but the start of a strong human impact is dated at 2600 yr BP. The data have been also compared with other proxies available for the same core to better comprehend the past climatic dynamics. Geochemical data are available at doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.860791. Biomarkers used in the comparison with pollen have been included in the present repository.

The gCube Data Catalogue is a software component that provides facilities for: a) (meta)data publishing; b) vres' products publishing; c) making data products publicly available; d) enriching products of metadata to maximise their potential reuse and making them searchable (via title, tags etc) are based on the CKAN technology. The gcube-ckan-datacatalog Web Application allows to (a) show all the metadata available in the CKAN instance, as well as publish a new product, retrieve the list of organizations (i.e. Virtual Research Environments) to which the user belongs and his/her already published products.

speciesLink SPD plugin is a plugin of the Species Products Discovery service that interacts with speciesLink data source, by using the international standard TAPIR protocol. The data exchange format for publishing checklist data is based on Darwin Core (DwC), a standard for biodiversity data.

The gCube social networking facilities manifest in a number of applications made available through a thin Web browser are conceptually close to the common facilities promoted by social networks - e.g., posting news, commenting on posted news - yet adapted to deal with large scale collaboration and cooperation on comprehensive scientific prod- ucts, data sets, theories and tools. The News Feed lists users' and applications' updates and make these available to every user according to his/her preferences. Additionally, it enables users to comment, subscribe or reshare these updates, and - in case of application posts - to make users access the subject of the post directly in the application that created it, e.g., to see a data set or an application. Moreover it allows to trigger topic search when clicking on a post containing hashtags (topics).