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A training manual prepared by the program on discipline "Technology of processing of livestock products" (2001). The textbook describes the nutritional value of meat of different species of animals and birds, fish, and eggs, as well as their processing in the home. In addition, given useful tips on methods of slaughtering animals and poultry. Of particular interest are the methods of storage of animal products. Provides recipes for sausages, smoked meats, dishes with meat, poultry, fish and eggs. Учебное пособие подготовлено согласно программы по дисциплине «Технология переработки продукции животноводства» (2001 г.). В учебном пособии описаны пищевую ценность мяса различных видов животных и птицы, рыбы и яиц, а также их переработку в домашних условиях. Кроме того, даны полезные советы по методам убоя животных и птицы. Особый интерес представляют способы хранения продуктов животноводства. Приведены рецепты приготовления колбас, копченостей, блюд из мяса животных, птицы, рыбы и яиц. Навчальний посібник підготовлений згідно програми з дисципліни «Технологія переробки продукції тваринництва» (2001 р.). У навчальному посібнику описано харчову цінність м'яса різних видів тварин і птиці, риби та яєць, а також їх переробку в домашніх умовах. Крім того, дано корисні поради по методах забою тварин і птиці. Особливий інтерес становлять способи зберігання продуктів тваринництва. Наведено рецепти приготування ковбас, копченостей, страв із м'яса тварин, птиці, риби і яєць.

Agulhas rings provide the principal route for ocean waters to circulate from the Indo-Pacific to the Atlantic basin. Their influence on global ocean circulation is well known, but their role in plankton transport is largely unexplored. We show that, although the coarse taxonomic structure of plankton communities is continuous across the Agulhas choke point, South Atlantic plankton diversity is altered compared with Indian Ocean source populations. Modeling and in situ sampling of a young Agulhas ring indicate that strong vertical mixing drives complex nitrogen cycling, shaping community metabolism and biogeochemical signatures as the ring and associated plankton transit westward. The peculiar local environment inside Agulhas rings may provide a selective mechanism contributing to the limited dispersal of Indian Ocean plankton populations into the Atlantic.

The success of many vaccines relies on their association with selected adjuvants in order to increase their immunogenicity and ensure long-term protection. Propolis is a natural compound, mostly known for its immunostimulatory properties. In this study the adjuvant effects of propolis in combination with formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila vaccine in Common carp (Cyprinus carpio) were evaluated and compared with Freund’s adjuvant. Three hundred juvenile carp (weighing 50.4±3.2 g) were divided randomly into four groups in triplicates. The fish were intraperitonealy injected with A. hydrophila bacterin (A.h) in combination with normal saline (Formalin Killed Bacterin, FKB group), Freund (FKB +F group), and Propolis (FKB +P group) respectively. The control group was injected with normal saline. Serum samples were taken from fish in each group every other week (days 0, 14, 28 and 42) of the experiment and immunological parameters including anti A. hydrophila antibody titer, serum lysozyme and antibacterial activity, complement activity, Nitro blue tetrazolium activity and serum total protein and globulin were compared among the groups. At the end of study the remaining fish in each group were challenged with virulent A. hydrophila and mortality was recorded for 10 days and Relative Percentage Survival (RPS) was calculated and compared among the groups. Results showed that although antibody titer and most of none specific immune responses increased in groups 2 and 3 compare to control group (p0.05). Besides no significant change was observed in mortality rate following the challenge in the propolis adjuvanted group compared with the FKB group (p>0.05). According to results, it can be concluded that although propolis as an adjuvant can promote some immune responses of common carp, it can't affect efficacy of vaccine and Ab titer of injected antigens, so it seems more work is needed to present propolis as a proper candidate for the development of a natural adjuvant in fish vaccines. Published

Differences in habitat and diet between species are often associated with morphological differences. Habitat and trophic adaptation have therefore been proposed as important drivers of speciation and adaptive radiation. Importantly, habitat and diet shifts likely impose changes in exposure to different parasites and infection risk. As strong selective agents influencing survival and mate choice, parasites might play an important role in host diversification. We explore this possibility for the adaptive radiation of Lake Tanganyika (LT) cichlids. We first compare metazoan macroparasites infection levels between cichlid tribes. We then describe the cichlids' genetic diversity at the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), which plays a key role in vertebrate immunity. Finally, we evaluate to what extent trophic ecology and morphology explain variation in infection levels and MHC, accounting for phylogenetic relationships. We show that different cichlid tribes in LT feature partially non-overlapping parasite communities and partially non-overlapping MHC diversity. While morphology explained 15% of the variation in mean parasite abundance, trophic ecology accounted for 16% and 22% of the MHC variation at the nucleotide and at the amino acid level, respectively. Parasitism and immunogenetic adaptation may thus add additional dimensions to the LT cichlid radiation.

Se analiza la pesca extractiva de cinco empresas pesqueras con un total de ocho establecimientos en el Archipiélago Sabana-Camagüey (ASC) durante el período 2000-2014, las cuales aportan el 81% de las capturas de la zona nororiental de la plataforma cubana. Los índices de mayor relevancia a tener en cuenta fueron: la evolución de las capturas, el esfuerzo y las artes de pesca del recurso escama (incluye todos los peces excepto los túnidos). El mayor porcentaje de las capturas (67 %) son registradas de mayo a noviembre, y Punta Alegre es el establecimiento que tributa el mayor volumen (20 %). De las 78 especies registradas, todas muestran una reducción y solo 14 de estas constituyen el 81 % del volumen de pesca, con un predominio en los meses de verano. El sistema de pesca de palangre-redes muestra mayor eficacia (51 %) en la captura. El comportamiento de los decrementos en los rendimientos (t/barcos y t/días mar) durante el 2013, y del esfuerzo pesquero expresado en número de barcos y días mar durante el 2014 señalan que la administración pesquera de esta zona necesita medidas de regulación y vigilancia en el proceso extractivo. Extractive fisheries of five fishing companies with a total of eight establishments in the Sabana-Camagüey Archipelago (ASC) during the period 2000-2014 are analyzed, which account for 81 % of the catches in the northeastern part of the Cuban platform. The indices most relevant to consider were: the evolution of catch, effort, fishing gear of scales resource (includes all fish except tuna). The highest percentages of catches (67 %) are recorded from May to November and Punta Alegre is the establishment which provides the greater volume (20 %). Of the 78 species recorded, all show a reduction and only 14 of these are 81 % of the volume of fishing, with predominance in the summer months. The system longline fishing-network shows greater efficiency (51 %) in the catch. The behavior of the decreases in yields (t/ships and t/day sea) during the 2013, fishing effort expressed in number of days-ships and day-sea for 2014, indicate that fisheries management needs of this area of regulation and supervision measures in the extraction process. Published

The anthropogenically forced expansion of coastal hypoxia is a major environmental problem affecting coastal ecosystems and biogeochemical cycles throughout the world. The Baltic Sea is a semi-enclosed shelf sea whose central deep basins have been highly prone to deoxygenation during its Holocene history, as shown previously by numerous paleoenvironmental studies. However, long-term data on past fluctuations in the intensity of hypoxia in the coastal zone of the Baltic Sea are largely lacking, despite the significant role of these areas in retaining nutrients derived from the catchment. Here we present a 1500-year multiproxy record of near-bottom water redox changes from the coastal zone of the northern Baltic Sea, encompassing the climatic phases of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA), the Little Ice Age (LIA), and the Modern Warm Period (MoWP). Our reconstruction shows that although multicentennial climate variability has modulated depositional conditions and delivery of organic matter (OM) to the basin the modern aggravation of coastal hypoxia is unprecedented, and besides gradual changes in the basin configuration, it must have been forced by excess human-induced nutrient loading. Alongside the anthropogenic nutrient input, the progressive deoxygenation since the beginning of the1900s was fueled by the combined effects of gradual shoaling of the basin and warming climate, which amplified sediment focusing and increased the vulnerability to hypoxia. Importantly, the eutrophication of coastal waters in our study area began decades earlier than previously thought, leading to a marked aggravation of hypoxia in the 1950s. We find no evidence of similar anthropogenic forcing during the MCA. These results have implications for the assessment of reference conditions for coastal water quality. Furthermore, this study highlights the need for combined use of sedimentological, ichnological, and geochemical proxies in order to robustly reconstruct subtle redox shifts especially in dynamic, non-euxinic coastal settings with strong seasonal contrasts in the bottom water quality.

The geochemical measurements within the long-lived, crustose coralline red alga Clathromorphum compactum in calibration experiments, and the environmental conditions selected for the controlled laboratory aquaria.