• European Marine Science
• Research data close
• Other research products close
• BE close

This repository contains files and scripts used to generate figures for the paper titled "A detectable change in the air-sea CO2 flux estimate from sailboat measurements". The study quantifies the impact of pCO2 observations measured by the sailboat "Seaexplorer" on the air-sea CO2 flux estimate. Overview: We used pCO2 measurements sourced from SOCAT (www.socat.info), along with other environmental variables. We applied the 2-step neural network method SOM-FFN (Landschützer et al., 2013) to reconstruct air-sea CO2 flux estimates. Four sets of air-sea CO2 flux estimates were reconstructed, each with 40 ensemble members to account for random errors in the neural network. These are the four sets: E1) fluxesA - Based on SOCATv2022 including Seaexplorer data E2) fluxesB - Based on SOCATv2022 excluding Seaexplorer data. E3) fluxesC - Based on SOCATv2022 data, including Seaexplorer data, but introducing a random uncertainty of ± 5 μatm to the Seaexplorer data. E4) fluxesD - Based on SOCATv2022 data, including Seaexplorer data, but introducing a constant measurement offset of 5 μatm to the Seaexplorer data. These air-sea CO2 flux density estimates are 4-dimensional, represented in mol C m-2 yr-1, with the following dimensions: - Ensemble size of flux reconstructions (40) - Time (months from 1982 to 2021, totaling 480 months) - Latitude (1-degree intervals, totaling 180 latitudes) - Longitude (1-degree intervals, totaling 360 longitudes)

This folder contains the electronic supplementary materials for: "Chapter 5. Osmoregulation underpins functional stability of Ulva-associated bacterial communities in the Baltic Sea" which is part of the PhD thesis "Ulva-microbial interactions linked to the environment: variation and acclimation" by Luna van der Loos (submitted in 2024) Contents: Table S1: metadata of 91 samples Table S2: metadata of bacterial genomes used in the comparison between seawater and Ulva-derived bacteria Table S3: overview of the 639 Ulva-associated MAGs Table S4: overview of the KEGG modules identified in each MAG Supplementary Figures: additional figures

Isopods are generally small crustaceans, usually with seven pairs of legs that range in size from 300 micrometres (Microcerberidae) to nearly 50 centimetres (Bathynomus). Their name, meaning "like-foot" or similar (iso) and foot (pod), probably comes from early zoologists' familiarity with the common terrestrial "slaters" or "woodlice" (other names: cloportes, pissebedden, pillbugs, roly-polies, sowbugs). The isopods are diverse, with 10 425 species found in all ecosystems from the deepest oceans to montane terrestrial habitats as well as deep underground in caves or aquifers. Isopods are thought of as dorsoventrally flattened, as in the typical terrestrial slater, and indeed many species fit this morphological stereotype. Isopods from deep sea and groundwater habitats, and especially parasitic taxa, may depart considerably from this typical body plan. The isopods belong to the well-known crustacean group, Malacostraca, which includes familiar crustaceans such as shrimp, crabs, lobsters and krill. Unlike those malacostracans with an obvious carapace, isopods lack one. Isopods belong to the superorder Peracarida, which includes a diverse array of taxa that all brood their young in a ventral pouch between their legs. Isopods are unique among these crustaceans for many reasons. Because they lack a carapace, the gills, which are covered by the carapace in other groups, are absent, so they breathe using specialised lamellar gill-like pleopods ("swimming limbs") on the posterior section of the body. In many terrestrial isopods, the pleopods bear respiratory structures similar to lungs. Internally, the heart is positioned in the posterior section of the thorax to provide increased circulation for the gills. Unlike all other crustaceans, the isopods shed their cuticle (a process called ecdysis) in two steps (biphasic molting). This site has the following aims: to provide a catalogue of the world's isopod species to promote stability in isopod nomenclature to act as a tool for higher taxonomic revisions and regional monographs to provide a base link for other online databases that use isopod nomenclature To provide sufficient expert knowledge for maintaining the list, we have formed an editorial committee to whom the queries on particular taxa should be addressed. This list began as an initiative of the US National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, maintained by the late Brian Kensley and Marilyn Schotte (now retired). It grew into a valuable resource for providing nomenclature on the Isopoda and was hosted for many years at http://invertebrates.si.edu/isopod/. This list has now been migrated to http://www.marinespecies.org, and updated with more detailed information on synonymies and distributions as well as a capability to host more information, such as images, original literature, and specimen data. A world checklist of marine, freshwater and terrestrial Isopoda, compiled by taxonomic experts and based on peer-reviewed literature.

The Asteroidea (also known as sea stars or starfish) are among the most diverse and familiar of the living Echinodermata, including over 1800 species from every ocean basin in the world, including the Atlantic, Indian, and Pacific as well as the Arctic and the Southern Ocean, inhabiting intertidal to 6000 m abyssal settings. Living asteroids are pentagonal to stellate (although some sphaerical forms are known) and have arms that are continuous with the disk. Two to four rows of tube feet are present. Most asteroids have five rays, but some can have as many as 50. Taxonomic coverage of the database includes not only all “true” starfish taxa but also the enigmatic and controversial concentricycloids, which have been included based on the taxonomic classification of Mah (2006). Although identification of taxa with fossil members is indicated, most have not yet been included. Some fossil taxa may be entered in the future for completeness but fossil groups were not a primary objective for the WoRMS database. The core of the World Asteroidea Database (WAD) is derived from the "Asteroid Names List" developed primarily by Ailsa M. Clark. However the WAD is complimented by numerous other echinoderm compendia (e.g., Clark & Downey's Starfishes of the Atlantic, Rowe & Gate's Zoological Catalogue of Australia, etc) and will eventually include all subsequent taxonomic changes and newly described taxa. Please inform the editor, Christopher Mah, of any omissions, typos, or errors you encounter. I am also happy to review and discuss, other issues, such as synonymies, controversial taxonomic assignments, or broader classification questions and to initiate changes if they are warranted. All inquiries and discussion will be evaluated promptly but critically, and if deemed reasonable, included quickly into the database. Further information on asteroids and echinoderms may be found at the authors’ blog: echinoblog.blogspot.com. An academic profile of the authors can be found at: http://invertebrates.si.edu/mah.htm. A world checklist of Asteroidea, compiled by taxonomic experts and based on peer-reviewed literature.

Welcome to the World Register of Deep-Sea Species (WoRDSS), a taxonomic database of deep-sea species based on the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS). This site was launched in December 2012 as a project of the International Network for Scientific Investigation of Deep-sea Ecosystems (INDEEP). The primary goal of the project is to build a comprehensive database of known deep-sea species and to present this as a thematic species database (TSD) of WoRMS, with all data dynamically linked to WoRMS and their team of taxonomic editors. A secondary goal is to accumulate high quality specimen images of deep-sea species and to present these on both the website and the iOS app (Deep Sea ID, currently in development) that allows offline-viewing of the complete database and imagery to assist with identifications at sea and in the laboratory. Through WoRDSS, we are also providing taxonomic references (sources) that will allow researchers and educators easier access to identification literature. The WoRDSS project provides an open-access source of quality taxonomic information and imagery on deep-sea species and at the same time enhances the WoRMS database through the provision of images, new sources and editorship. We welcome contributions and corrections. There is no single definition of 'deep-sea'. Traditional classifications have used the continental shelf break at approximately 200m water depth as the boundary between 'shallow' and 'deep sea' (Gage & Tyler 1991), with further classifications of the deep sea into bathyal (~200-4000m), abyssal (~4000-6000m) and hadal (6000m+). More recent schemes such as the Marine Ecoregions of the World (MEOW) have categorised coastal and shelf areas as extending to 800m depth (Spalding et al., 2007). The Global Open Oceans and Deep Seabed (GOODS) biogeographic classification highlights the upper bathyal (300-800m) as the shallowest 'deep-sea' region (UNESCO 2009). The current criteria for inclusion in the WoRDSS database is a sample depth of greater than 500m, including both pelagic and benthic species. If a species has been recorded below 500m, it may be included in the database, even if it ranges shallower than this depth. Hence the database includes many species which have traditionally been viewed as shallow-water species, but have been recorded from the deep sea. The 500m criterion has been chosen as it is a depth at which seasonal variation in physical parameters (e.g temperature and salinity (Thistle 2003)) as well as the influence of sunlight becomes minimal. Species recorded below 500m, but are known to range above 500m, are also included as they may contribute significantly to the ecology of the deep ocean ecosystem and are likely to be encountered in deep-sea samples. The criteria for inclusion in the database will be reviewed periodically and we welcome feedback. All of the taxonomic information presented is sourced from WoRMS. Species are presented in the WoRDSS database if they are tagged with the relevant contextual field 'Deepsea' in WoRMS. All species tagged as deep-sea are also provided with a 'context source' for this information, as in this example. The initial contexts for WoRDSS were created from the Ocean Biogeographic Information System (OBIS). In addition to the OBIS sources, we have since been actively incorporating deep-sea species lists from individual institutions, scientists and projects. Please consider contributing your species lists to this part of the project to help improve the database, credit will be provided in the context source field. We are continuously sourcing and including high quality specimen images of deep-sea species. We welcome contributions. Images and their associated data are currently being handled by the WoRDSS team. Images are visible in high resolution on the mobile app (in development) and in a lower resolution on the website. We are also sourcing taxonomic identification guides to deep-sea groups. These can include original descriptions with traditional keys, monographs, reviews and online interactive keys. These are provided as links on the relevant taxon pages. Please consider contributing identification sources. The World Register of Deep-Sea Species (WoRDSS) is a taxonomic database of deep-sea species based on the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS).

Strepsiptera are bizarre insects with unusual morphology often referred to as “twisted-wing” parasitoids, (Kinzelbach 1971a; Kathirithamby 1989, 2009, 2018). They are a small order of holometabolous insects, cosmopolitan in distribution (except for one family), and are found in all habitats occupied by insects, except the aquatic. They comprise 15 families, 5 of which are extinct. Strepsiptera parasitize a broad range of hosts, encompassing Apterygota, Exopterygota and Endopterygota, belonging to 7 orders and 35 families of Insecta. Hosts include Blattodea, Diptera, Hemiptera, Hymenoptera, Mantodea, Orthoptera, and Zygentoma (Kinzelbach 1971; Kathirithamby 1989, 2009, 2018). All species are obligate endoparasitoids for all three of their larval stages. Within holometabolan insects, strepsipterans offer a classical example of dramatic differences between the sexes. Males are free-living as adults, with large raspberry-like eyes, flabellate antennae, shortened forewings and large hind wings. In Mengenillidae both males and females emerge to pupate externally from the host, while the free-living adult females of Mengenillidae are wingless. In Stylopidia, endoparasitism continues through the pupal stages in the males, while the females are neotenic, and remain permanently embedded in the host up to maturity, except for the extruded cephalothorax, and even up to the production of the motile first‐instar planidia. On entry into a new host, the host-seeking planidia become apodous larvae. Strepsiptera display unusual genetic characteristics: they possess one of the smallest insect genomes (108 Mbp) (Johnston et al. 2004), yet have one of the larger 18S ribosomal DNA sequences, associated with a number of unique and unusually long insertions (Gillespie et al. 2005, Matsumoto et al. 2011), and there are two transfer RNA translocations that disrupt an otherwise ancestral insect mitochondrial genome (McMahon et al. 2009). Both the mitochondrial DNA and the nuclear ribosomal DNA underwent a significant burst of molecular evolution in the early history of Strepsiptera (McMahon et al. 2011). The first molecular phylogeny of Strepsiptera revealed that there are nine families with two suborders: the basal Mengenillidia and the derived Stylopidia (McMahon et al. 2011). Molecular studies support a node uniting Strepsiptera with Coleoptera (Niehuis et al. 2012; Boussau et al. 2014). The life cycle of Strepsiptera is in synchrony with the host it parasitizes. Most described species are the short-lived males, and caught in traps. The endoparasitic female Stylopidia are found with their hosts. Whenever possible, host records are provided in the database, but often it is unrecorded for the free-living males. In one family, the Myrmecolacidae, males and females parasitize not only hosts from different genera but from different families: males parasitize ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and females parasitise grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) and mantids (Mantodea: Mantidae). In this instance, the sexes can only be matched by molecular characterization (Kathirithamby and Hamilton 1992; Kathirithamby and Johnston 2004; Kathirithamby et al. 2009; Hayward et al. 2011) Strepsiptera have been described from Burmese, Baltic, Fushun and Dominican ambers, Eocene compressions of Messel and Geiseltal, and from shale in the Green River Formation (Kathirithamby 2018). Much has yet to be discovered about the biodiversity of this insect order, primarily because of their tiny size, reclusive nature, and the extremely brief life of the free‐living adult male. A world checklist of Strepsiptera, compiled by taxonomic experts and based on peer-reviewed literature.

CTD data was obtained in the period April-June 2014 in Young Sound, Greenland. CTD casts were performed using an SBE-19 plus CTD (accuracy: ±0.005 C and ±0.0005 Sm-1) which was lowered through ice-drilled holes. In total, 4 transects were performed and covered from the mouth to the head of the fjord. Standardized routines of Seabird software were used on the data set for quality control and bin averaging. The data sets consist of profiles of practical salinity, temperature, potential temperature, dissolved oxygen, fluorescence, turbidity, and irradiance (PAR). For further details see Boone et al., 2017 (Circulation and fjord-shelf exchange during the ice-covered period in Young Sound-Tyrolerfjord, Northwest Greenland (74o N). Estuar. Coast. Shelf Sci., 15, 194-205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2017.06.021). We gratefully acknowledge the contributions of the Canada Excellence Research Chair (CERC) and Canada Research Chair (CRC) programs. Support was also provided by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research (NSERC) Council, the Canada Foundation for Innovation and the Aage V Jensen Foundations. This work is a contribution to the Arctic Science Partnership (ASP) asp-net.org.

Approximately 1300 valid, described species of the phylum Nemertea, or ribbonworms, are known worldwide, inhabiting oceans, freshwaters, and land. Current field-work suggests that at least several times this number remain to be named or discovered. Nemerteans are unsegmented worms characterized by a unique and remarkable eversible proboscis. Some are colorful, while others are drab. They range from one millimeter to more than 30 meters long. Some are highly specialized predators while others are more eclectic, with diets that favor other worms, crustaceans, and mollusks. They are poorly known to non-specialists, because most nemerteans live in concealment and are difficult to collect, and because traditional taxonomy focuses significantly on internal anatomy based on histological study, while now we use genetic data extensively. However, many are common, abundant and can be key predators, while the phylum itself is important to understanding evolution of early invertebrate body plans. This site is intended to make these worms less enigmatic. The emphasis is on taxonomy, but the intent is to accommodate all aspects of nemertean biology. A world checklist of Nemertea, compiled by taxonomic experts and based on peer-reviewed literature.

Datasets for the Compositae from across the world were integrated in the Global Compositae Checklist between 2006 and 2011 using purpose designed Checklist Integration software (C-INT, Landcare Research, New Zealand). Names were matched using a set of rules and a consensus name was generated with all original data sources linked to that name. The consensus name was a summary of all information from multiple data providers that were in agreement on any given field. Entries were complete to differing levels depending on the data contributed (e.g. only some data sources had type information). Broad distribution data was included, using the TDWG Geographic Standard although, as this is derived from the data contributed, the distribution is not necessarily comprehensive. Taxonomic concepts were also derived from the data sources, using a system of prioritised ranking where local datasets have more weight that global. The most recent version of this Checklist forms the starting point for the Global Compositae Database. The Compositae is one of the largest plant families in the world. The Global Compositae Database is built on the Global Compositae Checklist which has been moved to the Aphia platform of the World Register of Marine Species. An international network of taxonomic experts will assess, edit and update the taxonomic information for this important family.