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The dataset contains meteorological observations during a measurement campaign with the drone LUCA (Lightweight high Ceiling Aerial System). The measurements were collected between the 25th and the 29th October 2021 at rather erratic launch times, as operations from the military training area Todendorf (Panker) in Northern Germany within the restricted airspace belonging to the training area depend on air traffic control clearance. As parameters, pressure, temperature, humidity and wind direction/speed were observed along with time and position of the drone. Besides the raw measurements, temperature and humidity readings have been corrected with an estimated inverse sensor transfer function. The data allows intercomparing the drone measurements with collocated radiosonde launches which enables a discussion on the possible use of the drone LUCA and similar systems for operational meteorology.

Water/ice velocity data and instrument status from a Nortek Aquadopp Profiler 2MHz acoustic doppler current profiler (ADCP) attached to a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition between November 2019 and September 2020. The Aquadopp System Integrator Manual by Nortek AS can be found here: https://sensor.awi.de/rest/sensors/onlineResources/getOnlineResourcesFile/1764/system-integrator-manual_Mar2016.pdf

The data sets under this data collection include detailed snow pit studies of snow temperature, density, specific surface area (SSA), stratigraphy (snow grain type & size and hand hardness), and salinity as well as high-resolution snow penetrometer measurement profiles. The data were collected during the ALERT2018 campaign (Multidisciplinary Arctic Program (MAP) - Last Ice) off Alert, Nunavut, Canada in the Lincoln Sea in May 2018. For more detailed information, please refer to the individual data sets.

This bibliography unites different data types collected by a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) underneath drifting sea ice during the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition of the research vessel Polarstern (AWI, 2017) between November 2019 and September 2020 (Nicolaus et al., 2022). The observation class M500 ROV was manufactured by Ocean Modules AB (Åtvidaberg, Sweden) and is owned by the Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (Bremerhaven, Germany). It was equipped with an extended multidisciplinary sensor payload. To investigate the under-ice light field and bio-optical properties, the ROV was equipped with hyperspectral radiometers, transmissometers and a triplet fluorometer. Oceanographic properties were recorded with a standard CTD package including sensors for dissolved oxygen, nitrate and pH. Single beam and multibeam sonar allowed for a three-dimensional mapping of the ice underside, while an acoustic current profiler measured relative water currents. In addition to different video and still cameras for visual documentation of the under-ice environment, the ROV was equipped with a hyperspectral imager. For sampling of the under-ice ecosystem, a suction sampling system and an under-ice plankton as well as a gypsum net were attached to the ROV. Data were collected for all seasons and for various sea-ice and surface conditions. All data are provided at their original temporal resolution and have a common GPS synchronized timestamp. All times are given in UTC. Horizontal position of the ROV was determined using a long baseline acoustic positioning system and is provided in a floe-fixed, relative coordinate system (X, Y) with the origin (X=0 m, Y=0 m) at the ROV access hole in the MOSAiC central observatory (CO). Operations were conducted in a 300 m radius around the hole. A one function manipulator in combination with the ROV's six degrees of freedom enabled deployment and recovery of equipment (e.g. sediment traps) underneath the ice cover. Details about the respective deployment conditions can be found in the respective cruise reports of MOSAiC. A technical description of the ROV can be found in Katlein et al. (2017). MATLAB codes used for processing the data are published on ZENODO (Anhaus et al., 2023). The data will be described in a respective ROV data paper. When reusing the data, please refer to this data paper (Anhaus et al., in prep.) and the actual datasets listed below (Datasets listed in this bibliography). Please carefully read the comment section below and contact the author(s) before using the data.

The distance between a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and the sea-ice underside was measured by a single-beam upward-looking acoustic sonar altimeter (Tritech PA500) attached to the ROV during the ARTofMELT2023 expedition in May and June 2023. Sea-ice draft was derived by subtracting the distance to the sea-ice underside from the ROV depth, uncorrected for ROV attitude (pitch, roll). An offset between the depth reference (ROV bumper bars) and the altimeter of 0.105 m is accounted for in the presented data.

Raw data acquired by GPS1 position sensors on board research aircraft Polar 6 during the campaign P6_237_BACSAM_2022 were processed to receive a validated master track which can be used as reference of further expedition data. Novatel FlexPak6 GPS receiver was used as navigation sensors during the campaign. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. Processed data are provided as a master track with 1 sec resolution and a generalized track with a reduced set of the most significant positions of the master track. A detailed report on processing is also available for each flight.

We present the characteristics of the lithogenic components of seafloor surface sediments covering the entire South Atlantic Ocean (from the equator to Antarctica). These samples were collected by multiple seagoing expeditions between 1988 and 2005. By using end-member modelling on the multi-modal grain-size distributions, we decomposed the lithogenic fraction into a fine- and coarse-grained dust component, current-sorted sediments and IRD. By multiplying these specific components with 230Th-normalized lithogenic fluxes, we obtained specific fluxes for these four fractions. This allows us to study dust deposition over the remote open ocean more specifically.

Patterned ground of the polygonal tundra yields sensitive indicators of environmental and climate change. Polygon ponds, mires and cryosoils are typical components of Arctic Siberian wetlands underlain by permafrost. Field studies of recent environmental dynamics were carried out within the frame of the joint German-Russian DFG-RFBR project Polygons in tundra wetlands: state and dynamics under climate variability in Polar Regions (POLYGON) field studies were carried out in the Kolyma Delta in 2012 around the small fishing settlement Pokhodsk in summer 2012 and 2013. Using a multidisciplinary approach, several stages of polygonal systems were studied as modern tundra habitats . The floral and faunal associations of the polygonal tundra landscape were described. Ecological, hydrological, meteorological, limnological and cryological features were analyzed in order to evaluate modern environmental conditions and their essential controlling parameters. A monitoring program was carried out to measure changes of air, water and ground temperatures as well as water conductivity, water level and soil moisture and to collect water, diatom, zooplankton, and zoobenthos, samples. These data sets contain environmental field data, logger data, various ecological data, and analyses of sediments and water.

Attention points as logged by the operators in the recording software Spot.On for remotely operated vehicle (ROV) surveys during the ARTofMELT2023 expedition in May and June 2023.

Raw data acquired by GPS1 position sensors on board research aircraft Polar 6 during the campaign P6_235_IceBird_2022 were processed to receive a validated master track which can be used as reference of further expedition data. Novatel FlexPak6 GPS receiver was used as navigation sensors during the campaign. Data were downloaded from DAVIS SHIP data base (https://dship.awi.de) with a resolution of 1 sec. Processed data are provided as a master track with 1 sec resolution and a generalized track with a reduced set of the most significant positions of the master track. A detailed report on processing is also available for each flight.