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A Bayesian network-based, user-friendly decision support tool modelling how different socioeconomic factors affect the effectiveness of a marine protected area. This is the model included in the paper "Socio-economic factors boosting the effectiveness of marine protected areas: a Bayesian network analysis".

cti_cross_region_taxon This repository provides the data and codes used in the manuscript: Guillem Chust, Ernesto Villarino, Matthew McLean, Nova Mieszkowska, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Fabio Bulleri, Chiara Ravaglioli, Angel Borja, Iñigo Muxika, José A. Fernandes-Salvador, Leire Ibaibarriaga, Ainhize Uriarte, Marta Revilla, Fernando Villate, Arantza Iriarte, Ibon Uriarte, Soultana Zervoudaki, Jacob Carstensen, Paul J. Somerfield, Ana M. Queirós , Andrea J. McEvoy, Arnaud Auber, Manuel Hidalgo, Marta Coll, Joaquim Garrabou, Daniel Gómez-Gras, Cristina Linares, Francisco Ramírez, Núria Margarit, Mario Lepage, Chloé Dambrine, Jérémy Lobry, Myron A. Peck, Paula de la Barra, Anieke van Leeuwen, Gil Rilov, Erez Yeruham, Anik Brind'Amour, and Martin Lindegren. Cross-basin and cross-taxa patterns of marine community tropicalization and deborealization in warming European seas. Nature Communications Please check the github repo cti_cross_region_taxon for updates. Abstract Ocean warming and acidification, decreases in dissolved oxygen concentrations, and changes in primary production are causing an unprecedented global redistribution of marine life. The identification of underlying ecological processes underpinning marine species turnover, particularly the prevalence of tropicalization over deborealization, has been recently debated in the context of ocean warming. Here, we track changes in the mean thermal affinity of marine communities across European seas by calculating the Community Temperature Index for 65 biodiversity time series collected over four decades and containing 1,817 species from different communities (zooplankton, coastal benthos, pelagic and demersal invertebrates and fish). We show most communities and sites have clearly responded to ongoing ocean warming via abundance increases of warm-water species (tropicalization; 54%) and decreases of cold-water species (deborealization; 18%). Tropicalization dominated Atlantic sites compared to semi-enclosed basins such as the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas, probably due to physical barrier constraints to connectivity and species colonization. Semi-enclosed basins appeared to be particularly vulnerable to ocean warming, experiencing the fastest rates of warming and biodiversity loss through deborealization. Keywords: climate change, community temperature index, CTI, ocean connectivity. Acknowledgements This study has been supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869300 (FutureMARES project) (G.C., E.V., J.F-S., M.P., M.Lin., C.D., D.G-G., G.R., L.B., C.R., M.C., F.R., G.R., P.B., M.P., M.Lep., J.L., A.B., N.M., J.G., F.B., L.B.C, A.Q., F.V., A.I., and I.U.), and by the Urban Klima 2050 -- LIFE 18 IPC 000001 project, which has been received funding from European Union's LIFE programme (G.C., E.V., L.I., A.B., A.U., and M.R.). Additional financial support was obtained from the Basque Government (PIBA2020-1-0028 & IT1723-22). We thank the NOAA Climate Prediction Center for providing Sea Temperature data through the NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS. We also thank Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) for providing global occurrences of the biological group studied here. Data from the Basque Country were obtained from the Basque Water Agency (URA) monitoring network, through a Convention with AZTI. M.C., J.G., D.G.-G. and F.R. acknowledge the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). Authors M.H. and M.Lin. are grateful for the support from ICES Working Group on Comparative Ecosystem-based Analyses of Atlantic and Mediterranean marine systems (WGCOMEDA) for this research. This paper is contribution nº xxxx from AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)

Advances and knowledge gaps on climate change impacts on honey bees and beekeeping: A systematic review

22q11.2 delesyonu sendromu (DiGeorge Sendromu, DGS), 22. kromozomun uzunkolunda kısa bir segmentin delesyonu sonucu meydana gelir. İnsanlarda en sık görülengenetik bozukluklardan biri olup, 2000-10000 doğumda bir görülür. 22q11 delesyonusonucunda ortaya çıkan farklı fenotipik özellik ve klinik bulgulardan dolayı bir çokisimlendirme mevcuttur.Çalışmamızda, 22q11.2 delesyonu için genetik analize yollanan olgularda delesyonsaptanma oranını belirlemek ve klinik, fenotipik ve genetik özelliklerinin analizini yapmakamaçlandı. Yaşları 2 gün ile 28 yaş arasında değişen 96 olgu ve amniyosentez yapılan 13 olguçalışmaya alındı. Örnekler FISH yöntemi ile 22q11.2 delesyonu açısından değerlendirildi.Olgular 22q11.2 DGS'de görülen kardiyak bulguların, dismorfik özelliklerin veimmün sistem bozukluklarının eşlik etmesine göre 6 grupta sınıflandırıldı. Sadece kardiyakdefekt olan grupta ve kardiyak defekt ile immün yetmezliğin birlikte bulunduğu gruptayapılan FISH analizinde hiç 22q11.2 delesyonu saptanmazken, kardiyak defekt, immünyetmezlik ve dismorfik bulguların birlikte bulunduğu grupta en yüksek oranda (%35.7)22q11.2 delesyonu saptandı.Prenatal tanı amaçlı amniyosentez yapılarak 22q11.2 delesyonu saptanan olgularda iseFallot Tetrolojisi ve Trunkus Arteriozus mevcuttu. 22q11.2 delesyonlu 11 olgunun 2'si prenatal,geri kalan 9'u postnatal bulgularından yola çıkılarak tanı aldı. Anne-babalardan çalışılan 22q11.2delesyon sonuçları negatif olarak saptandı. Bir olgu hariç diğerlerinde kardiyak defektlermevcuttu. Kardiyak defektler; 4(%40) Trunkus Arteriosus, 2(%20) Fallot Tetrolojisi, 2(%20)Atrial Septal Defekt ve Ventriküler Septal Defekt birlikteliği, 1(%10) Ventriküler Septal Defektve 1(%10) Total Anormal Pulmoner Venöz Dönüş olacak şekilde idi. Beş olgudaimmün yetmezlik vardı. Fetal USG görüntüleri ile tetkik edilen 2 amniosentez vakası dışındakiolguların hepsinde dismorfik bulgular mevcuttu. En sık görülen dismorfolojik bulgular düşükkulak, burun kökü basıklığı, retromikrognati, kubbe damak, telekantus idi 517. ABSTRACT22q11 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge Syndrome, DGS) is caused by a small deletion onlong arm of chromosome 22. It is the one of the most frequent genetic disorders and theincidence is 1/2000-10000. Different terms have been used for 22q11 deletion as a result ofvariant phenotypic and clinical features.In our study, we aimed to analyze the incidence of 22q11.2 in the sample group andevalaute their clinical, phenotypic and genetic features. We included 96 cases (Age range: 2days-28 years) and 13 cases of amniocentesis. The samples were analyzed using fluorescencein situ hybridization (FISH).We categorized the cases in 6 groups according to the presence of cardiac defects,dismorphic features and immune disorders.No deletion on 22q11 was found in patients who have only cardiac defects and, bothcardiac and immune defects. We found the highest rate of deletion on 22q11 in the group whohave cardiac, immune deffects and dismorphic features (35.7%).We found Tetralogy of Fallot and Truncus Arteriosus in the patients with 22q11 deletionwho were diagnosed with amniocentesis. Two of 11 cases that we detected 22q11 deletion wasdetected by prenatal screening and 9 of 11 were diagnosed by postnatal screening. Only 2 of11(18.1%) had parental consanguinity. No deletion was found in their parents. All but one patienthad cardiac defects. Four patients(40%) had Truncus Arteriosus, 2 patients(20%) had Tetralogyof Fallot, 2 patients (20%) had Atrial Septal Defect ; Ventricular Septal Defect, 1 patient(10%) had Ventricular septal defect and 1 patient (10%) had Total Anomalous PulmonaryVenous Drainage. Five patients (%) had immune deficiency. Only 2 patients (%) who wereevaluated using fetal echocardiogram did not have dismorphic features. The most seendismorphic features were low set ears, flat nasal bridge,retromicrognathy, high palate, telecanthus.

Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı, maksiller kesici dişte horizontal ve oblik iki farklı kırık tipine sahip diş modellerinde farklı fiberle güçlendirilmiş kompozit rezin (FGKR) restorasyonlarının fonksiyonel kuvvetler altında oluşturduğu stresin sonlu elemanlar analizi (SEA) yöntemiyle değerlendirilmesidir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Kök gelişimi tamamlanmış bir maksiller kesici diş mikrobilgisayarlı tomografi cihazında taranmıştır. Elde edilen bilgilerle üç boyutlu kök gelişimi tamamlanmış maksiller kesici diş modeli oluşturularak, horizontal ve oblik kırığa sahip iki farklı grup oluşturulmuştur. Örnek model esas alınarak, kök kanal tedavisi yapılmış horizontal ve oblik kırık hattı oluşturulmuş, maksiller kesici diş modelleri farklı FGKR ile restore edilerek üç boyutlu olarak simüle edilmiştir. Ardından dişlerde fonksiyonel kuvvet altında oluşan stresler SEA yöntemiyle değerlendirilmiştir. Bulgular: FGKR kullanılan modellerde kök dentininin servikal bölgesi ve restoratif materyalde oluşan stresler azalmıştır. Tüm modeller incelendiğinde hem kök dentininin servikal bölgesinde hem de restoratif materyalde en yüksek stres değerleri yalnızca kompozit rezin kullanılan modellerde görülmüştür. En düşük stres değerleri ise prefabrik uzun cam fiber post kullanılan modellerde görülmüştür. Horizontal kırık hattına sahip olan modellerde oblik kırık hattına sahip modellere göre oluşan streslerin daha fazla olduğu görülmüştür. Sonuç: Kron fraktürüne sahip dişlerde FGKR kullanımı hem kök dentininin servikal bölgesinde oluşan stresleri hem de restoratif materyaldeki stresleri azaltmaya yardımcı olacaktır. FGKR ile restore edilen modeller daha az stres oluşturarak diş yapısını daha fazla güçlendirmiştir. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the stress caused by different fiber reinforced composite resin (FRCR) restorations under functional forces in tooth models with two different types of horizontal and oblique fractures in the maxillary incisor using finite element analysis (FEA) method. Materials and Methods: A maxillary incisor with complete root development was scanned in a microcomputed tomography device. With the information obtained, two different groups with horizontal and oblique fractures were formed by creating a maxillary incisor model with three-dimensional root development. Based on the sample model, root canal treatment was performed, horizontal and oblique fracture lines were created, maxillary incisor models were restored with different FRCR and simulated in three dimensions. Then, the stresses occurring in the teeth under functional force were evaluated with the FEA method. Results: In models using FRCR, the stresses on the cervical region of root dentin and restorative material were reduced. When all models were examined, the highest stress values in both the cervical region of root dentin and the restorative material were observed in models using only composite resin. The lowest stress values were observed in the models using prefabricated long glass fiber post. It was observed that the stresses occurring in the models with the horizontal fracture line were higher than the models with the oblique fracture line. Conclusion: The use of FGKR in teeth with crown fractures will help reduce both the stresses in the cervical region of root dentin and the stresses on the restorative material. Models restored with FGKR created less stress and strengthened the tooth structure more. Dicle Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırmalar Projeleri Koordinatörlüğü (DÜBAP) tarafından DİŞ.22.013 proje numarası ile desteklenmiştir.

Report providing recommendations for the data management and structure for the BGC extension at the European level.

Microplastics are substrates for microbial activity and can influence biomass production. This has potentially important implications at the sea-surface microlayer, the marine boundary layer that controls gas exchange with the atmosphere and where biologically produced organic compounds can accumulate. In the present study, we used large scale mesocosms (filled with 3 m3 of seawater) to simulate future ocean scenarios. We explored microbial organic matter dynamics in the sea-surface microlayer in the presence and absence of microplastic contamination of the underlying water. Our study shows that microplastics increased both biomass production and enrichment of particulate carbohydrates and proteins in the sea-surface microlayer. Importantly, this resulted in a 3% reduction in the concentration of dissolved CO2 in the underlying water. This reduction suggests direct and indirect impacts of microplastic pollution on the marine uptake of CO2, by modifying the biogenic composition of the sea’s boundary layer with the atmosphere.

Bakırçay havzasının limnolofaunistik özelliklerinin saptanması amacıyla Ekim 2017 ve Temmuz 2018 tarihleri arasında mevsimsel olarak gerçekleştirilen 4 arazi çalışmasında akarsudan 15 istasyon (4 durgunsu, 11 akarsu) seçilmiştir. Biyolojik çalışmalar sonucunda zooplanktonda 113 takson (91 Rotifera, 17 Cladocera, 5 Copepoda), bentik omurgasızlarda 135 takson (4 Hirudinea, 25 Oligochaeta, 14 Mollusca, 5 Malacostraca, 14 Ephemeroptera, 32 Diptera, 10 Trichoptera, 12 Coleoptera, 6 Hemiptera, 2 Plecoptera, 11 Odonata) ve omurgalılardan 17 takson (Teleostei) olmak üzere toplam 265 takson saptanmıştır. Saptanan rotifer taksonlarından Adineta oculata (Milne, 1886), Euchlanis lyra larga (Kutikova, 1959), Monommata viridis Myers 1937, Trichocerca rattus carinata (Ehrenberg,1830), Trichocerca cylindrica chattoni (De Beauchamp, 1907) ve Trichocerca ruttneri (Donner, 1953) Türkiye İçsu Faunası için yeni kayıt niteliğindedir. Balık faunasının ağırlıklı olarak Cyprinidae familyası üyelerinden oluştuğu ve en sık rastlanan türün Alburnus attalus olduğu tespit edilmiştir. In order to determine limnofaunistic properties of Bakırçay Stream, 15 sampling station (4 lentic, 11 lotic) was selected and 4 field work was conducted as a seasonal between October 2017 and July 2018. As a result of biological studies, a total of 265 taxa were identified including 113 taxa of zooplankton (91 Rotifera, 17 Cladocera, and 5 Copepoda), 135 taxa of benthic invertebrata (4 Hirudinea, 25 Oligochaeta, 14 Mollusca, 5 Malacostraca, 14 Ephemeroptera, 32 Diptera, 10 Trichoptera, 12 Coleoptera, 6 Hemiptera, 2 Plecoptera, 11 Odonata) and 17 taxa of vertebrata (Teleostei). Among the identified Rotifera taxa Adineta oculata (Milne, 1886), Euchlanis lyra larga (Kutikova, 1959), Monommata viridis Myers 1937, Trichocerca rattus carinata (Ehrenberg,1830), Trichocerca cylindrica chattoni (De Beauchamp, 1907) and Trichocerca ruttneri (Donner, 1953) are new record for Turkish Freshwater Fauna. Additionaly, fish fauna was found to consist of mostly Cyprinidae family members and Alburnus attalus is the most common species.

Coccolithophores are globally important marine calcifying phytoplankton that utilize a haplo-diplontic life cycle. The haplo-diplontic life cycle allows coccolithophores to divide in both life cycle phases and potentially expands coccolithophore niche volume. Research has, however, to date largely overlooked the life cycle of coccolithophores and has instead focused on the diploid life cycle phase of coccolithophores. Through the synthesis and analysis of global scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coccolithophore abundance data (n=2534), we find that calcified haploid coccolithophores generally constitute a minor component of the total coccolithophore abundance (≈ 2 %–15 % depending on season). However, using case studies in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, we show that, depending on environmental conditions, calcifying haploid coccolithophores can be significant contributors to the coccolithophore standing stock (up to ≈30 %). Furthermore, using hypervolumes to quantify the niche of coccolithophores, we illustrate that the haploid and diploid life cycle phases inhabit contrasting niches and that on average this allows coccolithophores to expand their niche by ≈18.8 %, with a range of 3 %–76 % for individual species. Our results highlight that future coccolithophore research should consider both life cycle stages, as omission of the haploid life cycle phase in current research limits our understanding of coccolithophore ecology. Our results furthermore suggest a different response to nutrient limitation and stratification, which may be of relevance for further climate scenarios. Our compilation highlights the spatial and temporal sparsity of SEM measurements and the need for new molecular techniques to identify uncalcified haploid coccolithophores. Our work also emphasizes the need for further work on the carbonate chemistry niche of the coccolithophore life cycle.

There are various biotic factors affecting the hatching success of loggerhead sea turtles (Caretta caretta) nesting on Mediterranean beaches. Eggs contaminated by fungi and bacteria are adversely affected in terms of hatching success. This study aims to identifyFusariumspecies that cause infection by sampling eggs and nest sands that failed to hatch during the 2015-2016 nesting season. Biospeedy fungal diversity kit was used to identifyFusariumspecies. Fungi were isolated from eggs and nest sandsF. solani,F. oxysporum,F. falciformeandF. keratoplasticumwere isolated from nest sand, andF. solani,F. oxysporumwere isolated from egg contents.Fusariumspecies were determined for the first time using molecular methods for Turkey.Fusarium solani(54.55%) was observed to be dominant andF.oxysporum(40.91%) subdominant species. In addition to these dominant species,F.falciforme(1.82%) andF.keratoplasticum(2.73%) have been the other isolated species. The hatching success of the nests contaminated withFusariumspp. was found to be 10.6% lower than in non-infected ones. Although there was no significant difference between the percentage of hatchling success in infected and non-infected nests in the 2015 season (n = 20) where the number of nests used in sampling was low, a significant difference was found between the success rates in the 2016 season (n = 41) where the number of nests used in sampling was higher (p = 0.676,p = 0.028, respectively). Nest temperature, depth and distance from the sea were higher infection rate, whereas relative humidity was lower in infected nests than in non-infected nests (p < 0.05 for all). Identifying theFusariumspecies, which pose serious risks for sea turtle nests worldwide, and investigating their effects on hatching success became more of an issue. In this study, the determination ofFusariumspecies contaminating the eggs in Iztuzu Beach (Mugla, Turkey) and their sequence analysis was conducted for the first time. C1 [Candan, Ahmet Yavuz; Katilmis, Yusuf] Pamukkale Univ, Dept Biol, Fac Arts & Sci, Denizli, Turkey. [Ergin, Cagri] Pamukkale Univ, Fac Med, Dept Med Microbiol, Denizli, Turkey.