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apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 United StatesAuthors: Orth, Donald J.;Orth, Donald J.;handle: 10919/115425
These supplementary teaching resources align to the open textbook, Fish, Fishing, and Conservation which is a 389-page, peer-reviewed publicly-available, openly-licensed textbook intended for undergraduate students who are exploring majors in Fish & Wildlife. It is also relevant to a general audience or for use in courses which explore social and ethical aspects of fish, fishing and conservation. The open textbook, Fish, Fishing, and Conservation, is freely available at https://doi.org/10.21061/fishandconservation Supplementary teaching resources include a sample course syllabus, schedule, and a variety of assignments. Individuals who wish to share their materials relevant to teaching in this subject area are encouraged to join and share their openly-licensed resources via the Fish, Fishing, and Conservation Instructor Group in OERCommons Are you reviewing or adopting Fish, Fishing, and Conservation for a course? Please help us understand your use by completing this form https://bit.ly/fishandconservation_interest VIVA (Virtual Library of Virginia)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 Spain EnglishSantos, Ricardo; Sabatés, Ana; Ramón, Montserrat; Villanueva, Roger; Lombarte, Antoni; Abelló, Pere; Guerrero, Elena;handle: 10261/307584
The Marine Biological Reference Collections (CBMR) are located at the Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) in Barcelona, Spain. The CBR are a Unit of Service where around 15000 referenced species are preserved, catalogued and maintained for their study. The most represented marine groups at the CBMR are fish, crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms, but also other groups are present. The studies based on the CBMR specimens are focused on biodiversity, biogeography, taxonomy (type species), invasive and alien species, and genetic analysis. Several PhD theses have also been carried out in collaboration with the CBMR.The CBMR are a reference point for the marine biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea, but in their facilities the CBMR also hold specimens from all the oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Antarctic and Arctic). The Collections are constantly receiving new specimens and updating. The main sources of specimens are oceanographic surveys and different kind of sampling programs carried out by the research projects run by the ICM-CSIC. However, the CBMR have also received (in the past and currently) different collections donated by naturalists, researchers, other institutions, and particulars. The CBMR were created in 1981, in the earlier history of the ICM-CSIC, by Jaume Rucabado, Domingo Lloris and Concepción Allué. The Collections were later recognized and catalogued by the Spanish Ministry of Culture in 1990. In the last decade, the CBMR initiated a new stage where the information was digitized and the physical preservation of specimens updated to the new rules (such as change from formaldehyde to ethanol). The CBMR are now part of GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), thus making public and available all data collections and their metadata. We have also incorporated the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to monitor and study the geographical distribution of our specimens and moreover, the CBMR started to act as repository of DNA voucher collections for genetic analyses.As a unit of service of the ICM-CSIC we think that education and outreach of marine science is of crucial importance for the society and for that reason the CBMR take active part in several outreach activities with schools, universities and general public. For more information or details you can visit our webpage (http://cbr.icm.csic.es/en/node) and send us an e-mail (cbr@icm.csic.es). We will be happy to help you.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Love, Connor;Love, Connor;The creation, movement, and consumption of distinct biomolecules by marine organisms has far reaching implications regarding ecosystem material and energy flow and how we manage the marine environment. Lipids are ubiquitous, energy rich biomolecules that are essential for all life and are used for cell membrane structure, energy storage and serve as useful indicators for ecosystem and food web dynamics. In this dissertation, the flow of specific lipid biomolecules through multiple marine environments is measured, explored, and clarified to better understand biogeochemical cycles, marine food webs and ecosystem connectivity. In the first chapter of my dissertation, I measure, quantify, and close the loop of the open ocean microbial hydrocarbon cycle, with implications for priming effects of the ocean microbiome to oil spills. It is estimated that seeps, spills, and other oil pollution introduce ~ 1.3 million tons (1.3 Tg) of hydrocarbons into the ocean each year. Additionally, it is known that globally abundant marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus which account for ~25% of ocean net primary production also produce hydrocarbons from fatty acids. But little is known about the size, turnover and fate of these cyanobacterial hydrocarbons and the implications for the ocean’s microbiome response to future oil spills. From a research expedition in the North Atlantic, I report that cyanobacteria in an oligotrophic gyre mainly produce n-pentadecane which correlates tightly with fluorescence and Prochlorococcus abundance in oligotrophic waters. Using chemical and isotopic tracing I find that pentadecane production and diel dynamics mainly occurs in the lower euphotic zone at the deep chlorophyll maximum. I estimate the global flux of cyanobacteria-produced pentadecane exceeds total oil input in the ocean by 100 to 500-fold, with cyanobacteria producing ~ 130-650 million tons of pentadecane per year. Analysis of sinking particles at the base of the euphotic zone show that nearly all pentadecane (< 0.001 % remaining) is consumed within the euphotic zone, suggesting near complete consumption of these hydrocarbons by hydrocarbon degrading microbes. These findings characterize a wide-spread microbial hydrocarbon cycle that selectively primes the ocean’s microbiome with long-chain alkanes. In the second chapter of my dissertation, I conduct a large-scale feeding experiment on a symbiotic reef-building coral (Stylophora pistillata) in the Red Sea to clarify fatty acid and isotopic biomarker patterns of coral heterotrophy for use in the field. Coral heterotrophy is an often-overlooked facet of coral nutrition that provides essential nutrients that help corals resist and recover from thermally induced bleaching that is degrading reef ecosystems around the world due to rising global ocean temperatures. Yet, methods for measuring coral mixotrophy, the balance between organic matter contributions to the coral host from autotrophic photo endosymbionts and heterotrophy on particles and plankton have typically been too coarse to elucidate source contributions. Through my experiment I show that fatty acids and isotopic biomarkers reliably separate experimental and reef nutritional source groups (heterotrophic or autotrophic). I show that heterotrophic fatty acid biomarkers are reliably recorded into coral host and symbiont tissues, with a divergent metabolic pattern of autotrophic biomarkers as feeding increases due to positive feedback of heterotrophy on the in hospite photo symbiont population. Additionally, I show that nitrogen and essential fatty acids are preferentially recorded into coral tissue while most heterotrophic carbon is respired or exuded as mucous; this shows that the use of bulk carbon isotopes as a feeding proxy for the last ~ 40 years is largely underestimating the contribution of heterotrophy to the trophic ecology of reef building corals. Overall, this finding underscores a connectivity between oceanic phyto- and zooplankton and reef-building coral. In the third chapter of my dissertation, I explore the mixotrophic differences of divergent bleaching responses of Acropora hyacinthus colonies on the forereef of Mo’orea during the 2019 mass bleaching event. During this bleaching event, all colonies of A. hyacinthus on the deep forereef (14 m) bleached and recovered, while colonies on the shallow forereef (5 m) near the reef crest resisted bleaching entirely, despite the same temperature stress. Using fatty acid and isotopic biomarkers I show through several lines of evidence that bleaching resistant colonies near the reef crest were likely consuming more particulate organic matter than deep forereef colonies. This conclusion is supported by isotopic feeding proxies, less isotopic niche overlap of the host and symbiont of resistant colonies, and larger proportions of putative POM fatty acid biomarkers in the host of resistant colonies relative to recovered colonies. This interpretation is in line with observations that benthic communities on the reef crest are a net sink of oceanic POM and that increased reliance on heterotrophy is associated with bleaching resistance. These data show the vital importance of reef environment, coral heterotrophy, and planktonic subsidies in structuring bleaching response of corals in a warming ocean and ultimately show that the reef crest may serve as a potent zone for reseeding coral populations after marine heat waves.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 Spain EnglishAuthors: Dromant Bellver, Beatriz;Dromant Bellver, Beatriz;This document summarizes the key aspects of the EU Commission's strategy to harness the potential of offshore renewable energy.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Tsai, Brandon Te-hao;Tsai, Brandon Te-hao;Understanding what factors shape the magnitude of divergence under rapid evolution is critical. Phenotypic divergence, specifically, can be influenced by selective forces such as the environment (climate, geographic distance) as well as non-selective forces (genetic composition of the founding population). Threespine sticklebacks provide a unique opportunity to study the magnitude of divergence under rapid evolution. Marine sticklebacks independently colonized freshwater habitats at the end of the last ice age (~12,000 years ago) generating multiple replicate pairs that represent a natural experiment. However, studies rely on untested assumptions that marine sticklebacks are not phenotypically varied and are unchanged from their ancestors. Here, we test how differential environmental conditions impact the estimated magnitude of phenotypic divergence and parallelism of independent freshwater stickleback populations. We find that marine variation is comparable to freshwater variation. Importantly, the inferred magnitude of phenotypic divergence of each freshwater population is dependent on marine sampling location. The geographic distance and environmental similarity between the marine and freshwater pairs explain a significant degree of variance. When estimating the degree of parallelism among freshwater pairs, marine reference also affects the inferred magnitude. The observed pattern suggests the choice of reference population and its geographic distance are important aspects to consider when estimating freshwater divergence and parallelism. Results also implicate a signature of local adaptation and/or isolation by distance. We provide recommendations for choosing ecologically relevant marine references in future studies on this important evolutionary model system.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Xue, Carolyn;Xue, Carolyn;Widespread overuse and large-scale production of antibiotics create antibiotic pollution, disrupting environmental microbiota and creating a public health risk. Highly urbanized coastal environments can be under high impact from antibiotic pollution from many trails of polluted effluents and runoff. The city of Long Beach is one such coastal area under high impact, since it is highly urban, industrialized, and experiences frequent sewage spills. We collected water samples from the LA River in a transect running southwest into the San Pedro Channel in order to investigate (1) how does strength of antibiotic resistance change as distance from shore increases, and (2) does antibiotic resistance correlate with composition of the bacterial community. There was no consistent relationship between strength of antibiotic resistance and distance from shore. Instead, we found that bacteria from the Pacific Ocean showed higher antibiotic resistance than bacteria from the LA River in five out of eleven antibiotic treatments. We also found that the alpha diversity of bacterial communities was lower in the LA River samples compared, and alpha diversity positively correlated with strength of antibiotic resistance in four antibiotic treatments. Our findings highlight how prevalence of antibiotic pollution does not always follow a distance dilution, as well as the need for understanding the strength behind antibiotic resistance in marine bacteria.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Collection 2023 EnglishPANGAEA EC | iAtlanticAuthors: Orejas, Covadonga; Antón-Sempere, Silvia; Terrón-Singler, Alexis; Grau, Amalia;Orejas, Covadonga; Antón-Sempere, Silvia; Terrón-Singler, Alexis; Grau, Amalia;This bundled publication contains data sets on 1) Polyp size and sex: biometric data of polyps from Dendrophyllia ramea, as well as the sex of each analysed polyp; 2) Oocyte per mesentery: number of oocytes per analysed mesentery; 3) Oocytes per polyp: these data have been used to calculate fecundity; 4) Oocyte developmental stages: oocyte sizes and developmental stage are included; 5. Spermatic cysts: spermatic cysts sizes and developmental stage are included. A total of three polyps per each coral colony have been analysed by histological methods and a total of three coral colonies have been analysed for each sampling month: February 2018, May 2017, July 2018 and October 2017. Samples have been collected in the protected area of Punta La Mona (Granada, Alborán Sea, western Mediterranean) between 30 and 37 meters depth by scuba diving.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 SpainBianconi G; Arenas A; Biamonte J; Carr LD; Kahng B; Kertesz J; Kurths J; Lü L; Masoller C; Motter AE; Perc M; Radicchi F; Ramaswamy R; Rodrigues FA; Sales-Pardo M; San Miguel M; Thurner S; Yasseri T;The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics recognized the fundamental role of complex systems in the natural sciences. In order to celebrate this milestone, this editorial presents the point of view of the editorial board of JPhys Complexity on the achievements, challenges, and future prospects of the field. To distinguish the voice and the opinion of each editor, this editorial consists of a series of editor perspectives and reflections on few selected themes. A comprehensive and multi-faceted view of the field of complexity science emerges. We hope and trust that this open discussion will be of inspiration for future research on complex systems.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Jainese, Conner James;Jainese, Conner James;Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been implemented worldwide as a tool for improving the overall health and function of fisheries and marine ecosystems impacted by fishing activity. Monitoring the performance of MPAs in a comprehensive way is crucial for the effective management and thoughtful implementation of new MPAs. In California, mesophotic (30-100m) rocky reef fish communities are a valuable commercial/recreational resource, though the effects of MPAs on this community remain relatively understudied. This is at least partially a result of depth restricted sampling tools that do not typically overlap; SCUBA surveys are generally limited to shallow depths (<30 m) and Remotely Operated Vehicle/Autonomous Underwater Vehicle surveys are often used for deep water (>100m). Additionally, traditional extractive techniques like trawl surveys are limited by their inability to effectively sample high relief rocky habitats, and are not commonly used in MPAs due to their destructive nature. With this study we tested the effects of two MPAs on demersal fish communities living on mesophotic rocky reefs utilizing Baited Remove Underwater Video (BRUV) surveys. We deployed BRUV landers annually from 2019 to 2021 at Anacapa State Marine Reserve/State Marine Conservation Area (SMR/SMCA) and Carrington Pt. SMR. We observed significant positive reserve effects on the total biomass of targeted (i.e., fished) species and on the size structure of individual focal species at both study sites. Relative abundance (MaxN) proved to be a less sensitive metric than biomass for detecting MPA effects, underscoring the utility of a stereo-video camera system that is capable of capturing highly accurate fish measurements. Dissimilar rocky habitat abundance for the deepest depth zones at Anacapa Island, where rockfish (Sebastes spp.) represent the largest proportion of the fish community, is likely one explanation for the negative reserve effect we observed for targeted rockfish abundance at this site. The results of this study provide useful information on how two California MPAs affect valuable fish communities that have historically been understudied and emphasize the importance of accurate fish measurement to detect these effects. This work also highlights the significance of habitat availability on the distribution of species with high habitat affinity. The continued monitoring of demersal fish communities on mesophotic rocky reefs would provide resource managers a more comprehensive understanding of MPA performance in California.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Beer, Emma;Beer, Emma;The surface temperature in the Arctic has warmed at twice the rate of the global mean temperature during recent decades. This Arctic amplification of global warming has been a striking feature of climate change, and many studies have investigated what processes contribute to this phenomenon. Many of these processes are often described in the context of climate feedbacks using analyses focused on top-of-the-atmosphere radiative changes. In this context, regional surface warming can then be partitioned into contributions from each feedback process. However, this partitioning can be complicated by interactions between feedbacks themselves and atmospheric heat transport. In the second chapter, we instead apply a feedback-locking approach and evaluate the resulting changes in surface temperature. These results are strikingly different from previous feedback analyses, highlighting the important role of interactions within the climate system. This chapter and many other previous studies focus only on the role of atmospheric and surface processes in Arctic amplification. However, substantial questions remain regarding the role of ocean heat transport. In the third chapter, we investigate changes in oceanic heat fluxes under global warming. We find a mechanism associated with the presence of sea ice that drives enhanced horizontal ocean heat transport into the Arctic region and can contribute substantially to Arctic amplification if this heat is allowed to reach the surface. Currently, only a small amount of the heat stored at depth in the Arctic Ocean can reach the surface, but recent observational studies have argued that sea ice retreat could result in enhanced vertical mixing. In the fourth chapter, we investigate the impacts of a positive feedback whereby increased vertical mixing due to sea ice retreat causes the previously isolated subsurface Arctic Ocean heat to melt more sea ice. We find that an abrupt “tipping point” can occur under global warming, with an associated hysteresis window, for a limited range of parameters. Throughout the thesis, we use idealized models to show how ocean and climate processes can impact Arctic warming, providing insights into possible physical mechanisms that could be at play now or in the future.
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apps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other ORP type 2023 United StatesAuthors: Orth, Donald J.;Orth, Donald J.;handle: 10919/115425
These supplementary teaching resources align to the open textbook, Fish, Fishing, and Conservation which is a 389-page, peer-reviewed publicly-available, openly-licensed textbook intended for undergraduate students who are exploring majors in Fish & Wildlife. It is also relevant to a general audience or for use in courses which explore social and ethical aspects of fish, fishing and conservation. The open textbook, Fish, Fishing, and Conservation, is freely available at https://doi.org/10.21061/fishandconservation Supplementary teaching resources include a sample course syllabus, schedule, and a variety of assignments. Individuals who wish to share their materials relevant to teaching in this subject area are encouraged to join and share their openly-licensed resources via the Fish, Fishing, and Conservation Instructor Group in OERCommons Are you reviewing or adopting Fish, Fishing, and Conservation for a course? Please help us understand your use by completing this form https://bit.ly/fishandconservation_interest VIVA (Virtual Library of Virginia)
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 Spain EnglishSantos, Ricardo; Sabatés, Ana; Ramón, Montserrat; Villanueva, Roger; Lombarte, Antoni; Abelló, Pere; Guerrero, Elena;handle: 10261/307584
The Marine Biological Reference Collections (CBMR) are located at the Institute of Marine Sciences (ICM-CSIC) in Barcelona, Spain. The CBR are a Unit of Service where around 15000 referenced species are preserved, catalogued and maintained for their study. The most represented marine groups at the CBMR are fish, crustaceans, molluscs and echinoderms, but also other groups are present. The studies based on the CBMR specimens are focused on biodiversity, biogeography, taxonomy (type species), invasive and alien species, and genetic analysis. Several PhD theses have also been carried out in collaboration with the CBMR.The CBMR are a reference point for the marine biodiversity of the Mediterranean Sea, but in their facilities the CBMR also hold specimens from all the oceans (Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, Antarctic and Arctic). The Collections are constantly receiving new specimens and updating. The main sources of specimens are oceanographic surveys and different kind of sampling programs carried out by the research projects run by the ICM-CSIC. However, the CBMR have also received (in the past and currently) different collections donated by naturalists, researchers, other institutions, and particulars. The CBMR were created in 1981, in the earlier history of the ICM-CSIC, by Jaume Rucabado, Domingo Lloris and Concepción Allué. The Collections were later recognized and catalogued by the Spanish Ministry of Culture in 1990. In the last decade, the CBMR initiated a new stage where the information was digitized and the physical preservation of specimens updated to the new rules (such as change from formaldehyde to ethanol). The CBMR are now part of GBIF (Global Biodiversity Information Facility), thus making public and available all data collections and their metadata. We have also incorporated the use of Geographical Information Systems (GIS) to monitor and study the geographical distribution of our specimens and moreover, the CBMR started to act as repository of DNA voucher collections for genetic analyses.As a unit of service of the ICM-CSIC we think that education and outreach of marine science is of crucial importance for the society and for that reason the CBMR take active part in several outreach activities with schools, universities and general public. For more information or details you can visit our webpage (http://cbr.icm.csic.es/en/node) and send us an e-mail (cbr@icm.csic.es). We will be happy to help you.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Love, Connor;Love, Connor;The creation, movement, and consumption of distinct biomolecules by marine organisms has far reaching implications regarding ecosystem material and energy flow and how we manage the marine environment. Lipids are ubiquitous, energy rich biomolecules that are essential for all life and are used for cell membrane structure, energy storage and serve as useful indicators for ecosystem and food web dynamics. In this dissertation, the flow of specific lipid biomolecules through multiple marine environments is measured, explored, and clarified to better understand biogeochemical cycles, marine food webs and ecosystem connectivity. In the first chapter of my dissertation, I measure, quantify, and close the loop of the open ocean microbial hydrocarbon cycle, with implications for priming effects of the ocean microbiome to oil spills. It is estimated that seeps, spills, and other oil pollution introduce ~ 1.3 million tons (1.3 Tg) of hydrocarbons into the ocean each year. Additionally, it is known that globally abundant marine cyanobacteria Prochlorococcus and Synechococcus which account for ~25% of ocean net primary production also produce hydrocarbons from fatty acids. But little is known about the size, turnover and fate of these cyanobacterial hydrocarbons and the implications for the ocean’s microbiome response to future oil spills. From a research expedition in the North Atlantic, I report that cyanobacteria in an oligotrophic gyre mainly produce n-pentadecane which correlates tightly with fluorescence and Prochlorococcus abundance in oligotrophic waters. Using chemical and isotopic tracing I find that pentadecane production and diel dynamics mainly occurs in the lower euphotic zone at the deep chlorophyll maximum. I estimate the global flux of cyanobacteria-produced pentadecane exceeds total oil input in the ocean by 100 to 500-fold, with cyanobacteria producing ~ 130-650 million tons of pentadecane per year. Analysis of sinking particles at the base of the euphotic zone show that nearly all pentadecane (< 0.001 % remaining) is consumed within the euphotic zone, suggesting near complete consumption of these hydrocarbons by hydrocarbon degrading microbes. These findings characterize a wide-spread microbial hydrocarbon cycle that selectively primes the ocean’s microbiome with long-chain alkanes. In the second chapter of my dissertation, I conduct a large-scale feeding experiment on a symbiotic reef-building coral (Stylophora pistillata) in the Red Sea to clarify fatty acid and isotopic biomarker patterns of coral heterotrophy for use in the field. Coral heterotrophy is an often-overlooked facet of coral nutrition that provides essential nutrients that help corals resist and recover from thermally induced bleaching that is degrading reef ecosystems around the world due to rising global ocean temperatures. Yet, methods for measuring coral mixotrophy, the balance between organic matter contributions to the coral host from autotrophic photo endosymbionts and heterotrophy on particles and plankton have typically been too coarse to elucidate source contributions. Through my experiment I show that fatty acids and isotopic biomarkers reliably separate experimental and reef nutritional source groups (heterotrophic or autotrophic). I show that heterotrophic fatty acid biomarkers are reliably recorded into coral host and symbiont tissues, with a divergent metabolic pattern of autotrophic biomarkers as feeding increases due to positive feedback of heterotrophy on the in hospite photo symbiont population. Additionally, I show that nitrogen and essential fatty acids are preferentially recorded into coral tissue while most heterotrophic carbon is respired or exuded as mucous; this shows that the use of bulk carbon isotopes as a feeding proxy for the last ~ 40 years is largely underestimating the contribution of heterotrophy to the trophic ecology of reef building corals. Overall, this finding underscores a connectivity between oceanic phyto- and zooplankton and reef-building coral. In the third chapter of my dissertation, I explore the mixotrophic differences of divergent bleaching responses of Acropora hyacinthus colonies on the forereef of Mo’orea during the 2019 mass bleaching event. During this bleaching event, all colonies of A. hyacinthus on the deep forereef (14 m) bleached and recovered, while colonies on the shallow forereef (5 m) near the reef crest resisted bleaching entirely, despite the same temperature stress. Using fatty acid and isotopic biomarkers I show through several lines of evidence that bleaching resistant colonies near the reef crest were likely consuming more particulate organic matter than deep forereef colonies. This conclusion is supported by isotopic feeding proxies, less isotopic niche overlap of the host and symbiont of resistant colonies, and larger proportions of putative POM fatty acid biomarkers in the host of resistant colonies relative to recovered colonies. This interpretation is in line with observations that benthic communities on the reef crest are a net sink of oceanic POM and that increased reliance on heterotrophy is associated with bleaching resistance. These data show the vital importance of reef environment, coral heterotrophy, and planktonic subsidies in structuring bleaching response of corals in a warming ocean and ultimately show that the reef crest may serve as a potent zone for reseeding coral populations after marine heat waves.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 Spain EnglishAuthors: Dromant Bellver, Beatriz;Dromant Bellver, Beatriz;This document summarizes the key aspects of the EU Commission's strategy to harness the potential of offshore renewable energy.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Tsai, Brandon Te-hao;Tsai, Brandon Te-hao;Understanding what factors shape the magnitude of divergence under rapid evolution is critical. Phenotypic divergence, specifically, can be influenced by selective forces such as the environment (climate, geographic distance) as well as non-selective forces (genetic composition of the founding population). Threespine sticklebacks provide a unique opportunity to study the magnitude of divergence under rapid evolution. Marine sticklebacks independently colonized freshwater habitats at the end of the last ice age (~12,000 years ago) generating multiple replicate pairs that represent a natural experiment. However, studies rely on untested assumptions that marine sticklebacks are not phenotypically varied and are unchanged from their ancestors. Here, we test how differential environmental conditions impact the estimated magnitude of phenotypic divergence and parallelism of independent freshwater stickleback populations. We find that marine variation is comparable to freshwater variation. Importantly, the inferred magnitude of phenotypic divergence of each freshwater population is dependent on marine sampling location. The geographic distance and environmental similarity between the marine and freshwater pairs explain a significant degree of variance. When estimating the degree of parallelism among freshwater pairs, marine reference also affects the inferred magnitude. The observed pattern suggests the choice of reference population and its geographic distance are important aspects to consider when estimating freshwater divergence and parallelism. Results also implicate a signature of local adaptation and/or isolation by distance. We provide recommendations for choosing ecologically relevant marine references in future studies on this important evolutionary model system.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Xue, Carolyn;Xue, Carolyn;Widespread overuse and large-scale production of antibiotics create antibiotic pollution, disrupting environmental microbiota and creating a public health risk. Highly urbanized coastal environments can be under high impact from antibiotic pollution from many trails of polluted effluents and runoff. The city of Long Beach is one such coastal area under high impact, since it is highly urban, industrialized, and experiences frequent sewage spills. We collected water samples from the LA River in a transect running southwest into the San Pedro Channel in order to investigate (1) how does strength of antibiotic resistance change as distance from shore increases, and (2) does antibiotic resistance correlate with composition of the bacterial community. There was no consistent relationship between strength of antibiotic resistance and distance from shore. Instead, we found that bacteria from the Pacific Ocean showed higher antibiotic resistance than bacteria from the LA River in five out of eleven antibiotic treatments. We also found that the alpha diversity of bacterial communities was lower in the LA River samples compared, and alpha diversity positively correlated with strength of antibiotic resistance in four antibiotic treatments. Our findings highlight how prevalence of antibiotic pollution does not always follow a distance dilution, as well as the need for understanding the strength behind antibiotic resistance in marine bacteria.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research productkeyboard_double_arrow_right Collection 2023 EnglishPANGAEA EC | iAtlanticAuthors: Orejas, Covadonga; Antón-Sempere, Silvia; Terrón-Singler, Alexis; Grau, Amalia;Orejas, Covadonga; Antón-Sempere, Silvia; Terrón-Singler, Alexis; Grau, Amalia;This bundled publication contains data sets on 1) Polyp size and sex: biometric data of polyps from Dendrophyllia ramea, as well as the sex of each analysed polyp; 2) Oocyte per mesentery: number of oocytes per analysed mesentery; 3) Oocytes per polyp: these data have been used to calculate fecundity; 4) Oocyte developmental stages: oocyte sizes and developmental stage are included; 5. Spermatic cysts: spermatic cysts sizes and developmental stage are included. A total of three polyps per each coral colony have been analysed by histological methods and a total of three coral colonies have been analysed for each sampling month: February 2018, May 2017, July 2018 and October 2017. Samples have been collected in the protected area of Punta La Mona (Granada, Alborán Sea, western Mediterranean) between 30 and 37 meters depth by scuba diving.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 SpainBianconi G; Arenas A; Biamonte J; Carr LD; Kahng B; Kertesz J; Kurths J; Lü L; Masoller C; Motter AE; Perc M; Radicchi F; Ramaswamy R; Rodrigues FA; Sales-Pardo M; San Miguel M; Thurner S; Yasseri T;The 2021 Nobel Prize in Physics recognized the fundamental role of complex systems in the natural sciences. In order to celebrate this milestone, this editorial presents the point of view of the editorial board of JPhys Complexity on the achievements, challenges, and future prospects of the field. To distinguish the voice and the opinion of each editor, this editorial consists of a series of editor perspectives and reflections on few selected themes. A comprehensive and multi-faceted view of the field of complexity science emerges. We hope and trust that this open discussion will be of inspiration for future research on complex systems.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Jainese, Conner James;Jainese, Conner James;Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) have been implemented worldwide as a tool for improving the overall health and function of fisheries and marine ecosystems impacted by fishing activity. Monitoring the performance of MPAs in a comprehensive way is crucial for the effective management and thoughtful implementation of new MPAs. In California, mesophotic (30-100m) rocky reef fish communities are a valuable commercial/recreational resource, though the effects of MPAs on this community remain relatively understudied. This is at least partially a result of depth restricted sampling tools that do not typically overlap; SCUBA surveys are generally limited to shallow depths (<30 m) and Remotely Operated Vehicle/Autonomous Underwater Vehicle surveys are often used for deep water (>100m). Additionally, traditional extractive techniques like trawl surveys are limited by their inability to effectively sample high relief rocky habitats, and are not commonly used in MPAs due to their destructive nature. With this study we tested the effects of two MPAs on demersal fish communities living on mesophotic rocky reefs utilizing Baited Remove Underwater Video (BRUV) surveys. We deployed BRUV landers annually from 2019 to 2021 at Anacapa State Marine Reserve/State Marine Conservation Area (SMR/SMCA) and Carrington Pt. SMR. We observed significant positive reserve effects on the total biomass of targeted (i.e., fished) species and on the size structure of individual focal species at both study sites. Relative abundance (MaxN) proved to be a less sensitive metric than biomass for detecting MPA effects, underscoring the utility of a stereo-video camera system that is capable of capturing highly accurate fish measurements. Dissimilar rocky habitat abundance for the deepest depth zones at Anacapa Island, where rockfish (Sebastes spp.) represent the largest proportion of the fish community, is likely one explanation for the negative reserve effect we observed for targeted rockfish abundance at this site. The results of this study provide useful information on how two California MPAs affect valuable fish communities that have historically been understudied and emphasize the importance of accurate fish measurement to detect these effects. This work also highlights the significance of habitat availability on the distribution of species with high habitat affinity. The continued monitoring of demersal fish communities on mesophotic rocky reefs would provide resource managers a more comprehensive understanding of MPA performance in California.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.euapps Other research product2023 United States EnglisheScholarship, University of California Authors: Beer, Emma;Beer, Emma;The surface temperature in the Arctic has warmed at twice the rate of the global mean temperature during recent decades. This Arctic amplification of global warming has been a striking feature of climate change, and many studies have investigated what processes contribute to this phenomenon. Many of these processes are often described in the context of climate feedbacks using analyses focused on top-of-the-atmosphere radiative changes. In this context, regional surface warming can then be partitioned into contributions from each feedback process. However, this partitioning can be complicated by interactions between feedbacks themselves and atmospheric heat transport. In the second chapter, we instead apply a feedback-locking approach and evaluate the resulting changes in surface temperature. These results are strikingly different from previous feedback analyses, highlighting the important role of interactions within the climate system. This chapter and many other previous studies focus only on the role of atmospheric and surface processes in Arctic amplification. However, substantial questions remain regarding the role of ocean heat transport. In the third chapter, we investigate changes in oceanic heat fluxes under global warming. We find a mechanism associated with the presence of sea ice that drives enhanced horizontal ocean heat transport into the Arctic region and can contribute substantially to Arctic amplification if this heat is allowed to reach the surface. Currently, only a small amount of the heat stored at depth in the Arctic Ocean can reach the surface, but recent observational studies have argued that sea ice retreat could result in enhanced vertical mixing. In the fourth chapter, we investigate the impacts of a positive feedback whereby increased vertical mixing due to sea ice retreat causes the previously isolated subsurface Arctic Ocean heat to melt more sea ice. We find that an abrupt “tipping point” can occur under global warming, with an associated hysteresis window, for a limited range of parameters. Throughout the thesis, we use idealized models to show how ocean and climate processes can impact Arctic warming, providing insights into possible physical mechanisms that could be at play now or in the future.
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