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In this letter, we introduce The Polar Vocabularies and Semantics Working Group, originally established as a joint effort between the joint SAON/IASC Arctic Data Committee and the Data Management Collaboration Team of the Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee. We Invite, communities of practice to actively engage with us in our activities (described below), to advance the state of semantics-based applications in polar activities (and to increase interoperability between stakeholders and rights holders within existing and emerging digital ecosystems).

This data forms part of the TUNU Programme at UiT–The Arctic University of Norway and is the first contribution focused on benthic invertebrates in this Programme. The TUNU-Programme received permits from the Government of Greenland, Ministry of Fisheries, Hunting and Agriculture–document ID: C-17-129 and C-15-17. The data consists of epibenthic megafaunal invertebrates that were sampled from R/V Helmer Hanssen (UiT–The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø), as part of the ongoing international TUNU-Programme (TUNU means East Greenland in Greenlandic) during the TUNU-VI Expedition in August 2015 and the TUNU-VII Expedition in September 2017. The dataset covers areas of the Northeast Greenland coastal and shelf areas such as Bessel Fjord, Dove Bugt, Belgica Bank and other shelf locations, and further east along the shelf break and upper continental slope. A total of 18 locations were sampled with a total of 33 trawl samples collected over a depth range covering from 65 to 1011 m. A full description of sampling methods can be found here: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00300-020-02733-z The data sets include; epibenthic abundance (years 2015 & 2017) and biomass (2017). Abundance estimates were standardized to number of individuals (ind.) 1000 m−2 and biomass estimates were standardised to gram wet weight (g ww) 1000 m−2. Trait information was collected from the Arctic Trait Database (https://www.univie.ac.at/ arctic traits/, Accessed: April 2023) and the fuzzy coding approach applied. If traits were not available from the Arctic Trait Database at the lowest taxonomic rank, the literature was reviewed to retain the highest taxonomic resolution possible, or the trait was given a score of zero in order not to bias results of trait-analyses. Environmental data is also included for all stations (both years) as one file and the variables include latittude, longitude, bottom water temperature (C), bottom salinity (PSU), oxygen concentration (ml L−1), and turbidity (FTU).

cti_cross_region_taxon This repository provides the data and codes used in the manuscript: Guillem Chust, Ernesto Villarino, Matthew McLean, Nova Mieszkowska, Lisandro Benedetti-Cecchi, Fabio Bulleri, Chiara Ravaglioli, Angel Borja, Iñigo Muxika, José A. Fernandes-Salvador, Leire Ibaibarriaga, Ainhize Uriarte, Marta Revilla, Fernando Villate, Arantza Iriarte, Ibon Uriarte, Soultana Zervoudaki, Jacob Carstensen, Paul J. Somerfield, Ana M. Queirós , Andrea J. McEvoy, Arnaud Auber, Manuel Hidalgo, Marta Coll, Joaquim Garrabou, Daniel Gómez-Gras, Cristina Linares, Francisco Ramírez, Núria Margarit, Mario Lepage, Chloé Dambrine, Jérémy Lobry, Myron A. Peck, Paula de la Barra, Anieke van Leeuwen, Gil Rilov, Erez Yeruham, Anik Brind'Amour, and Martin Lindegren. Cross-basin and cross-taxa patterns of marine community tropicalization and deborealization in warming European seas. Nature Communications Please check the github repo cti_cross_region_taxon for updates. Abstract Ocean warming and acidification, decreases in dissolved oxygen concentrations, and changes in primary production are causing an unprecedented global redistribution of marine life. The identification of underlying ecological processes underpinning marine species turnover, particularly the prevalence of tropicalization over deborealization, has been recently debated in the context of ocean warming. Here, we track changes in the mean thermal affinity of marine communities across European seas by calculating the Community Temperature Index for 65 biodiversity time series collected over four decades and containing 1,817 species from different communities (zooplankton, coastal benthos, pelagic and demersal invertebrates and fish). We show most communities and sites have clearly responded to ongoing ocean warming via abundance increases of warm-water species (tropicalization; 54%) and decreases of cold-water species (deborealization; 18%). Tropicalization dominated Atlantic sites compared to semi-enclosed basins such as the Mediterranean and Baltic Seas, probably due to physical barrier constraints to connectivity and species colonization. Semi-enclosed basins appeared to be particularly vulnerable to ocean warming, experiencing the fastest rates of warming and biodiversity loss through deborealization. Keywords: climate change, community temperature index, CTI, ocean connectivity. Acknowledgements This study has been supported by the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No 869300 (FutureMARES project) (G.C., E.V., J.F-S., M.P., M.Lin., C.D., D.G-G., G.R., L.B., C.R., M.C., F.R., G.R., P.B., M.P., M.Lep., J.L., A.B., N.M., J.G., F.B., L.B.C, A.Q., F.V., A.I., and I.U.), and by the Urban Klima 2050 -- LIFE 18 IPC 000001 project, which has been received funding from European Union's LIFE programme (G.C., E.V., L.I., A.B., A.U., and M.R.). Additional financial support was obtained from the Basque Government (PIBA2020-1-0028 & IT1723-22). We thank the NOAA Climate Prediction Center for providing Sea Temperature data through the NCEP Global Ocean Data Assimilation System (GODAS) www.cpc.ncep.noaa.gov/products/GODAS. We also thank Ocean Biodiversity Information System (OBIS) for providing global occurrences of the biological group studied here. Data from the Basque Country were obtained from the Basque Water Agency (URA) monitoring network, through a Convention with AZTI. M.C., J.G., D.G.-G. and F.R. acknowledge the 'Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence' accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). Authors M.H. and M.Lin. are grateful for the support from ICES Working Group on Comparative Ecosystem-based Analyses of Atlantic and Mediterranean marine systems (WGCOMEDA) for this research. This paper is contribution nº xxxx from AZTI, Marine Research, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA)

Contains all code and data for the GMD manuscript "Introducing ELSA v2.0: an isochronal model for ice-sheet layer tracing" ELSA: version 2.0 (https://git.app.uib.no/melt-team-bergen/elsa, tag v2.0) Yelmo: version 1.801 (https://github.com/palma-ice/yelmo, tag v1.801) with a minor alteration to the basal dragging scheme Yelmox: version 1.801 (https://github.com/palma-ice/yelmox, tag v1.801) Operation IceBridge data, processed and interpolated to a 16km x 16km grid (see https://icebridge.gsfc.nasa.gov/?page_id=732)

A nutrient distribution such as phosphate (PO₄³⁻), ammonium (NH₄⁺), nitrate (NO₃⁻), dissolved silica (Si), total dissolved nitrogen (TN), dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) together with dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and inorganic carbon (DIC), was investigated during a high melting season in 2021 in the western Spitsbergen fjords (Hornsund, Isfjorden, Kongsfjorden, and Krossfjorden). Both the water column and the pore water were investigated for nutrients and dissolved carbon distribution and gradients. The water column concentrations of most measured parameters such as PO₄³⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, Si, and DIC showed significant changes among fjords and water masses. In addition, pore water gradients of PO₄³⁻, NH₄⁺, NO₃⁻, Si, DIC and DOC revealed significant variability between fjords and are likely substantial sources of the investigated elements for the water column. The obtained dataset reflects differences in hydrography and biogeochemical ecosystem function of the western Spitsbergen fjords and may form the base for further modelling of physical oceanographic and biogeochemical processes within the investigated fjord systems.

This dataset is a compilation of all freely available data on offshore wind farm developments in the North Sea up to 2030. It contains wind farm polygons, wind turbine points and wind farm metadata. See the methods document for information on how the dataset was compiled.

High-resolution observations of under ice currents were collected using a 5-beam acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) during the RV Polarstern cruise PS131 to the Marginal Ice Zone on Yermak Plateau in summer 2022. The Nortek Signature1000 ADCP (SN 100154) was deployed on a drifting ice floe. It was set up with an external 540 Wh Alkaline battery in a storm case. The ADCP was pointing downwards, attached to a rod, protruding approximately 0.5 m below the underside of the ice, which was approximately 1.8 m thick. It was secured with buoyancy. The instrument was deployed in water on 13 July 2022, 15:25 UTC, and recovered on 30 July 2022, 08:05 UTC. A GPS tracker (2022P10017 / 610) was located next to the ADCP, the raw data of this trajectory are archived here: https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.959001 (event PS131_47-1_9). The ADCP has 5 beams (4 in Janus configuration and one vertical beam) and is equipped with the high-resolution (HR) feature giving high-quality pulse-to-pulse coherent profiles for turbulence measurements. We used a concurrent plan with average profiles and bursts using 5 beams. Average profiles were obtained as 60 s averages every 5 minutes with 20% measurement load, starting from 0.2 m from the transducer to 18 m, with 1 m cell sizes. The HR profiles were obtained with 5 cm cell sizes between 0.1 to 2.5 m from the transducers, with 2.85 m pulse distance at maximum power level. Bursts were obtained every 30 minutes at 4 Hz as 4096 (about 17 min) samples, in beam coordinate system. In this configuration horizontal precision is 0.99 cm/s, and vertical precision is 0.33 cm/s for the average profiles. The estimated maximum length of using the provided battery was 67 days. During the second visit of the floe on 20 July 2022, at approximately 20:35 UTC, the instrument was removed from the hole for cleaning the hole and placed back in a similar heading orientation. This action is visible in the time series of pressure, pitch, and heading. The dataset includes the data downloaded from the instrument in its native binary format as well as the data converted into physical units using Nortek's Signature Deployment software. The converted data are provided in MATLAB format, exported using the Signature Deployment software. This software, the instrument setup file and the configuration files are also provided. The deployment of the device happened during the ice station with event PS131_47-1. The adjustment of the instrument happened during the ice station with the event PS131_67-1. The instrument was recovered during the ice station with the event PS131_89-1.

To obtain the foraminifera count data sediment (stained with Rose Bengal, a solution which causes living tissue to appear pink) was washed through a 63 µm sieve and then picked using a standard stereo-microscope. Only living individuals (indicated by pink stain) were included in the data set.

The hydrologic environmental parameters were collected using a CTD (Sea-Bird SBE 911; for depth, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, pressure, oxygen, temperature and fluorescence). The environmental variable units are as follows: salinity (PSU), conductivity (S/m), turbidity (NTU), pressure (dbar), oxygen (ml/l), temperature (°C), fluorescence (arbitrary units).