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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bessière, Eloïse; Poort, Jeffrey; Cornu, Tristan; Leroy, Sylvie;

    The Mozambique Channel, a complex domain composed of passive margins and oceanic crust affected by younger strike-slip and volcanic activity, is still poorly studied for surface heat flow. We present 33 new marine-type heat flow estimations acquired offshore in 2014-2015 during the MOZ cruises, completed with 4 new heat flow values derived from reappraised old well sites (PAMELA project). Offshore heat flow is generally low to normal and does not display strong variations. As poor data coverage persists in large parts of the area, we performed a heat flow prediction mapping using the similarity method. Based on an extrapolation of old and new data guided by 14 geological and geophysical proxies, we obtain on a 0.1 • × 0.1 • grid a predicted heat flow and its uncertainty from the statistics of all values at global grid points with similar proxies. We succeeded to obtain good predictability on 70% of pixels and an RMS error <2.3 mW/m 2. The proxies selected for the prediction include a map of genetic domains, sediment thickness, topography and bathymetry, crustal ages, Curie point depth, Free air anomaly, distances to volcanoes, tectonic structures and continent-ocean boundaries. The new Mozambique heat flow map shows a predominantly low offshore heat flow of around 50 mW/m 2 , associated with the Jurassic and early Cretaceous age of the oceanic crust. Several heat flow anomalies standoff to this background heat flow with two main orientations: low heat flow anomalies with a N-S orientation and high anomalies with a mostly NE-SW orientation, which are linked mainly to tectonic structures. International audience

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    Marine and Petroleum Geology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Marine and Petroleum Geology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC
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  • Authors: de Pao Mendonca, Kassandra; Chaurand, Perrine; Campos, Andrea; Rovezzi, Mauro; +7 Authors

    Vanadium (V) concentrations in organisms are usually very low. To date, among animals, only some urochordate and annelid species contain very high levels of V in their tissues. A new case of hyper-accumulation of V in a distinct animal phylum (Porifera), namely, the two homoscleromorph sponge species Oscarella lobularis and O. tuberculata is reported. The measured concentrations (up to 30 g/kg dry weight) exceed those reported previously and are not found in all sponge classes. In both Oscarella species, V is mainly accumulated in the surface tissues, and in mesohylar cells, as V(IV), before being partly reduced to V(III) in the deeper tissues. Candidate genes from Bacteria and sponges have been identified as possibly being involved in the metabolism of V. This finding provides clues for the development of bioremediation strategies in marine ecosystems and/or bioinspired processes to recycle this critical metal. International audience

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    Authors: V. MÉRIOT; A. ROUSSEL; N. BRUNET; N. CHOMERAT; +6 Authors

    Metal toxicity in marine ecosystems is a growing issue owing to terrestrial runoff and anthropogenic pollution. Heterocapsa cf. bohaiensis, a newly isolated dinoflagellate from New Caledonia, was cultivated in photobioreactors operating continuously with high concentrations of nickel (1.70 10-5 M) (Ni 2+) and/or iron (1.79 10-5 M) (Fe 2+) and their photosynthetic efficiency was assessed. The photosynthetic measurements indicated that H. cf. bohaiensis was tolerant to Ni 2+ but sensitive to Fe 2+ high concentrations. In the presence of Fe 2+ , maximum quantum efficiency and maximal relative electron transport rate decreased from 0.62 to 0.47 and from 156 to 102, respectively. The JIP-tests suggested a reduction of the photosynthesis in response to Fe 2+ due to a disruption in the electron transport chain rather than a defect in the light absorption and trapping capacity which were on the contrary enhanced by Fe 2+. These results bring new knowledge on the impact of nickel and iron on microalgae photosynthetic pathways. Highlights • We found a tolerance of Heterocapsa cf. bohaiensis to high concentrations of Ni 2+ • Absorption, dissipation, and trapping specific fluxes increased in response to high concentrations of Fe 2+ • Fe 2+ induced a decrease in quantum efficiency parameters (Fv/Fm, rETRm), probably due to a disruption of the electron transport chain International audience

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    HAL-IRD
    Article . 2024
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    Photosynthetica
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Photosynthetica
    Article . 2024
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      HAL-IRD
      Article . 2024
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      Photosynthetica
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Photosynthetica
      Article . 2024
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aina Astorch-Cardona; Giliane P. Odin; Valérie Chavagnac; Alain Dolla; +2 Authors

    Zetaproteobacteria have been reported in different marine and terrestrial environments all over the globe. They play an essential role in marine iron-rich microbial mats, as one of their autotrophic primary producers, oxidizing Fe(II) and producing Fe-oxyhydroxides with different morphologies. Here, we study and compare the Zetaproteobacterial communities of iron-rich microbial mats from six different sites of the Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field through the use of the Zetaproteobacterial operational taxonomic unit (ZetaOTU) classification. We report for the first time the Zetaproteobacterial core microbiome of these iron-rich microbial mats, which is composed of four ZetaOTUs that are cosmopolitan and essential for the development of the mats. The study of the presence and abundance of different ZetaOTUs among sites reveals two clusters, which are related to the lithology and permeability of the substratum on which they develop. The Zetaproteobacterial communities of cluster 1 are characteristic of poorly permeable substrata, with little evidence of diffuse venting, while those of cluster 2 develop on hydrothermal slabs or deposits that allow the percolation and outflow of diffuse hydrothermal fluids. In addition, two NewZetaOTUs 1 and 2 were identified, which could be characteristic of anthropic iron and unsedimented basalt, respectively. We also report significant correlations between the abundance of certain ZetaOTUs and that of iron oxide morphologies, indicating that their formation could be taxonomically and/or environmentally driven. We identified a new morphology of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides that we named “corals.” Overall, our work contributes to the knowledge of the biogeography of this bacterial class by providing additional data from the Atlantic Ocean, a lesser-studied ocean in terms of Zetaproteobacterial diversity. IMPORTANCE Up until now, Zetaproteobacterial diversity studies have revealed possible links between Zetaproteobacteria taxa, habitats, and niches. Here, we report for the first time the Zetaproteobacterial core microbiome of iron-rich mats from the Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field (LSHF), as well as two new Zetaproteobacterial operational taxonomic units (NewZetaOTUs) that could be substratum specific. We highlight that the substratum on which iron-rich microbial mats develop, especially because of its permeability to diffuse hydrothermal venting, has an influence on their Zetaproteobacterial communities. Moreover, our work adds to the knowledge of the biogeography of this bacterial class by providing additional data from the hydrothermal vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In addition to the already described iron oxide morphologies, we identify in our iron-rich mats a new morphology that we named corals. Finally, we argue for significant correlations between the relative abundance of certain ZetaOTUs and that of iron oxide morphologies, contributing to the understanding of the drivers of iron oxide production in iron-oxidizing bacteria. International audience

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    Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Applied and Environmental Microbiology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Margaux Mollier; Camille Mazé; François Prioul; Paul Hamer; +3 Authors

    Abstract Large marine predators feeding on fish caught on fishing gear, referred to as ‘depredation’, occur in a wide range of fisheries worldwide. Depredation can result in negative ecological and socio-economic impacts, leading to conflict between fishers and depredating species. However, depredation remains understudied in many fisheries, and this hampers the development of effective mitigation solutions. In this study, 21 years of fishing data (2002–2022) were used to assess shark and odontocete depredation in the pelagic tuna longline fishery of New Caledonia. Using generalized linear models, the year, season, effort, soaking time, and vessel were identified as variables significantly influencing the probability of depredation to occur. Results showed that while shark depredation occurred more frequently than odontocete depredation (58.5% vs. 9.2% of the longline sets), they damaged a lower proportion of fish (3.9% vs. 12.3%) over the study period. Unlike sharks, odontocetes selectively depredate tuna, with their highest occurrence during periods of high tuna catch rates, suggesting a co-occurrence with fishing activities. Together, these results indicate that depredation in the New Caledonian fishery is high compared to other regions and provide essential information on the dynamics and impacts of the issue as a basis for considering management and mitigation options.

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    ICES Journal of Marine Science
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      ICES Journal of Marine Science
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Jérôme Morelle; Alexandra Bastos; Silja Frankenbach; Jörg C. Frommlet; +3 Authors

    It has long been hypothesized that benthic motile pennate diatoms use phototaxis to optimize photosynthesis and minimize photoinhibitory damage by adjusting their position within vertical light gradients in coastal benthic sediments. However, experimental evidence to test this hypothesis remains inconclusive, mainly due to methodological difficulties in studying cell behavior and photosynthesis over realistic spatial microscale gradients of irradiance and cell position. In this study, a novel experimental approach was developed and used to test the hypothesis of photosynthesis optimization through motility, based on the combination of single-cell in vivo chlorophyll fluorometry and microfluidic chips. The approach allows the concurrent study of behavior and photosynthetic activity of individual cells of the epipelic diatom species Craspedostauros britannicus exposed to a light microgradient of realistic dimensions, simulating the irradiance and distance scales of light microgradients in benthic sediments. Following exposure to light, (i) cells explored their light environment before initiating light-directed motility; (ii) cells used motility to lower their light dose, when exposed to the highest light intensities; and (iii) motility was combined with reversible non-photochemical quenching, to allow cells to avoid photoinhibition. The results of this proof-of-concept study not only strongly support the photoprotective nature of photobehavior in the studied species but also revealed considerable variability in how individual cells reacted to a light microgradient. The experimental setup can be readily applied to study motility and photosynthetic light responses of other diatom species or natural assemblages, as well as other photoautotrophic motile microorganisms, broadening the toolset for experimental microbial ecology research. International audience

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    Microbial Ecology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Microbial Ecology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Koene, Joris M.; Jackson, Daniel J.; Nakadera, Yumi; Cerveau, Nicolas; +13 Authors

    Abstract The great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis has served as a model organism for over a century in diverse disciplines such as neurophysiology, evolution, ecotoxicology and developmental biology. To support both established uses and newly emerging research interests we have performed whole genome sequencing (~ 176 x depth), assembly and annotation of a single individual derived from an inbred line. These efforts resulted in a final assembly of 943 Mb (L50 = 257; N50 = 957,215) with a total of 22,499 predicted gene models. As a first step towards understanding the hermaphroditic reproductive biology of L. stagnalis, we identified molecular receptors, specifically nuclear receptors (including newly discovered 2xDNA binding domain-NRs), G protein-coupled receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinases, that may be involved in the cellular specification and maintenance of simultaneously active male and female reproductive systems. A phylogenetic analysis of one particular family of GPCRs (Rhodopsin neuropeptide FMRFamide-receptor-like genes) shows a remarkable expansion that coincides with the occurrence of simultaneous hermaphroditism in the Euthyneura gastropods. As some GPCRs and NRs also showed qualitative differences in expression in female (albumen gland) and male (prostate gland) organs, it is possible that separate regulation of male and female reproductive processes may in part have been enabled by an increased abundance of receptors in the transition from a separate-sexed state to a hermaphroditic condition. These findings will support efforts to pair receptors with their activating ligands, and more generally stimulate deeper insight into the mechanisms that underlie the modes of action of compounds involved in neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction, induced toxicity, and development in L. stagnalis, and molluscs in general.

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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2024
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2024
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    Authors: Abou Ciré Ball; Elimane Abou Kane; Patrice Brehmer;

    Abstract Industrial fisheries targeting small pelagic fish have significant socio‐economic implications for North West African countries. This study examines the economic performance of fleets operating in Mauritania's exclusive economic zone under the free license and chartering systems. Using national production data from 1989 to 2010 and economic indicator ratios from European pelagic fishing vessels, we assess the economic performance of pelagic fisheries over one decade. Our findings show that vessel characteristics have rapidly evolved, with free‐licenced vessels having a higher average fishing capacity than chartered vessels. The nominal number of free licenses increased from under 8% in 1995; the year of free licencing began in Mauritania, to over 80% in 2010. The estimated average economic output for 2000–2010 was US$ 231 million, with free licenses contributing over 80% of the total turnover (US$ 187 million). Vessels operating under free licenses made a greater contribution to wealth creation than the chartering regime. Foreign ship owners generated US$ 40.7 million (22%) in income, while chartering yielded US$ 3.6 million (8%). However, the chartering regime was more fiscally advantageous, contributing over 68% of pelagic fisheries tax revenues (estimated at over US$ 29 million). The small pelagic fishery has been subject to a system of total allowable catches and fishing quotas since 2015. This study provides insights into the economic dynamics of the small pelagic fishery, informing decision‐making and potential strategies to enhance the sector's performance and overall economic impact. International audience

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    Journal of International Development
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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      Journal of International Development
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: T. Destanque; J. Le Luyer; V. Quillien; M. Sham Koua; +2 Authors

    Early development stages in marine bivalve are critical periods where larvae transition from pelagic free‐life to sessile mature individuals. The successive metamorphosis requires the expression of key genes, the functions of which might be under high selective pressure, hence understanding larval development represents key knowledge for both fundamental and applied research. Phenotypic larvae development is well known, but the underlying molecular mechanisms such as associated gene expression dynamic and molecular cross‐talks remains poorly described for several nonmodel species, such as P. margaritifera . We designed a whole transcriptome RNA‐sequencing analysis to describe such gene expression dynamics following four larval developmental stages: d ‐shape, Veliger, Umbo and Eye‐spot. Larval gene expression and annotated functions drastically diverge. Metabolic function (gene expression related to lipid, amino acid and carbohydrate use) is highly upregulated in the first development stages, with increasing demand from d ‐shape to umbo. Morphogenesis and larval transition are partly ordered by Thyroid hormones and Wnt signaling. While larvae shells show some similar characteristic to adult shells, the cause of initialization of biomineralization differ from the one found in adults. The present study provides a global overview of Pinctada margaritifera larval stages transitioning through gene expression dynamics, molecular mechanisms and ontogeny of biomineralization, immune system, and sensory perception processes. International audience

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    Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution
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    Authors: Davide Thambithurai; Anna Kuparinen;

    Fishing-induced evolution (FIE) threatens the ecology, resilience, and economic value of fish populations. Traits under selection, and mechanisms of selection, can be influenced by abiotic and biotic perturbations, yet this has been overlooked. Here, we present the fishery selection continuum, where selection ranges from rigid fisheries selection to flexible fisheries selection. We provide examples on how FIE may function along this continuum, and identify selective processes that should be considered less or more flexible. We also introduce fishery reaction norms, which serve to conceptualise how selection from fishing may function in a dynamic context. Ultimately, we suggest an integrative approach to studying FIE that considers the environmental conditions in which it functions. peerReviewed

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    Jyväskylä University Digital Archive
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Trends in Ecology & Evolution
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Trends in Ecology & Evolution
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Bessière, Eloïse; Poort, Jeffrey; Cornu, Tristan; Leroy, Sylvie;

    The Mozambique Channel, a complex domain composed of passive margins and oceanic crust affected by younger strike-slip and volcanic activity, is still poorly studied for surface heat flow. We present 33 new marine-type heat flow estimations acquired offshore in 2014-2015 during the MOZ cruises, completed with 4 new heat flow values derived from reappraised old well sites (PAMELA project). Offshore heat flow is generally low to normal and does not display strong variations. As poor data coverage persists in large parts of the area, we performed a heat flow prediction mapping using the similarity method. Based on an extrapolation of old and new data guided by 14 geological and geophysical proxies, we obtain on a 0.1 • × 0.1 • grid a predicted heat flow and its uncertainty from the statistics of all values at global grid points with similar proxies. We succeeded to obtain good predictability on 70% of pixels and an RMS error <2.3 mW/m 2. The proxies selected for the prediction include a map of genetic domains, sediment thickness, topography and bathymetry, crustal ages, Curie point depth, Free air anomaly, distances to volcanoes, tectonic structures and continent-ocean boundaries. The new Mozambique heat flow map shows a predominantly low offshore heat flow of around 50 mW/m 2 , associated with the Jurassic and early Cretaceous age of the oceanic crust. Several heat flow anomalies standoff to this background heat flow with two main orientations: low heat flow anomalies with a N-S orientation and high anomalies with a mostly NE-SW orientation, which are linked mainly to tectonic structures. International audience

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    Marine and Petroleum Geology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Marine and Petroleum Geology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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  • Authors: de Pao Mendonca, Kassandra; Chaurand, Perrine; Campos, Andrea; Rovezzi, Mauro; +7 Authors

    Vanadium (V) concentrations in organisms are usually very low. To date, among animals, only some urochordate and annelid species contain very high levels of V in their tissues. A new case of hyper-accumulation of V in a distinct animal phylum (Porifera), namely, the two homoscleromorph sponge species Oscarella lobularis and O. tuberculata is reported. The measured concentrations (up to 30 g/kg dry weight) exceed those reported previously and are not found in all sponge classes. In both Oscarella species, V is mainly accumulated in the surface tissues, and in mesohylar cells, as V(IV), before being partly reduced to V(III) in the deeper tissues. Candidate genes from Bacteria and sponges have been identified as possibly being involved in the metabolism of V. This finding provides clues for the development of bioremediation strategies in marine ecosystems and/or bioinspired processes to recycle this critical metal. International audience

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    Authors: V. MÉRIOT; A. ROUSSEL; N. BRUNET; N. CHOMERAT; +6 Authors

    Metal toxicity in marine ecosystems is a growing issue owing to terrestrial runoff and anthropogenic pollution. Heterocapsa cf. bohaiensis, a newly isolated dinoflagellate from New Caledonia, was cultivated in photobioreactors operating continuously with high concentrations of nickel (1.70 10-5 M) (Ni 2+) and/or iron (1.79 10-5 M) (Fe 2+) and their photosynthetic efficiency was assessed. The photosynthetic measurements indicated that H. cf. bohaiensis was tolerant to Ni 2+ but sensitive to Fe 2+ high concentrations. In the presence of Fe 2+ , maximum quantum efficiency and maximal relative electron transport rate decreased from 0.62 to 0.47 and from 156 to 102, respectively. The JIP-tests suggested a reduction of the photosynthesis in response to Fe 2+ due to a disruption in the electron transport chain rather than a defect in the light absorption and trapping capacity which were on the contrary enhanced by Fe 2+. These results bring new knowledge on the impact of nickel and iron on microalgae photosynthetic pathways. Highlights • We found a tolerance of Heterocapsa cf. bohaiensis to high concentrations of Ni 2+ • Absorption, dissipation, and trapping specific fluxes increased in response to high concentrations of Fe 2+ • Fe 2+ induced a decrease in quantum efficiency parameters (Fv/Fm, rETRm), probably due to a disruption of the electron transport chain International audience

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    HAL-IRD
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    Photosynthetica
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    Photosynthetica
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      Photosynthetica
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aina Astorch-Cardona; Giliane P. Odin; Valérie Chavagnac; Alain Dolla; +2 Authors

    Zetaproteobacteria have been reported in different marine and terrestrial environments all over the globe. They play an essential role in marine iron-rich microbial mats, as one of their autotrophic primary producers, oxidizing Fe(II) and producing Fe-oxyhydroxides with different morphologies. Here, we study and compare the Zetaproteobacterial communities of iron-rich microbial mats from six different sites of the Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field through the use of the Zetaproteobacterial operational taxonomic unit (ZetaOTU) classification. We report for the first time the Zetaproteobacterial core microbiome of these iron-rich microbial mats, which is composed of four ZetaOTUs that are cosmopolitan and essential for the development of the mats. The study of the presence and abundance of different ZetaOTUs among sites reveals two clusters, which are related to the lithology and permeability of the substratum on which they develop. The Zetaproteobacterial communities of cluster 1 are characteristic of poorly permeable substrata, with little evidence of diffuse venting, while those of cluster 2 develop on hydrothermal slabs or deposits that allow the percolation and outflow of diffuse hydrothermal fluids. In addition, two NewZetaOTUs 1 and 2 were identified, which could be characteristic of anthropic iron and unsedimented basalt, respectively. We also report significant correlations between the abundance of certain ZetaOTUs and that of iron oxide morphologies, indicating that their formation could be taxonomically and/or environmentally driven. We identified a new morphology of Fe(III)-oxyhydroxides that we named “corals.” Overall, our work contributes to the knowledge of the biogeography of this bacterial class by providing additional data from the Atlantic Ocean, a lesser-studied ocean in terms of Zetaproteobacterial diversity. IMPORTANCE Up until now, Zetaproteobacterial diversity studies have revealed possible links between Zetaproteobacteria taxa, habitats, and niches. Here, we report for the first time the Zetaproteobacterial core microbiome of iron-rich mats from the Lucky Strike Hydrothermal Field (LSHF), as well as two new Zetaproteobacterial operational taxonomic units (NewZetaOTUs) that could be substratum specific. We highlight that the substratum on which iron-rich microbial mats develop, especially because of its permeability to diffuse hydrothermal venting, has an influence on their Zetaproteobacterial communities. Moreover, our work adds to the knowledge of the biogeography of this bacterial class by providing additional data from the hydrothermal vent sites along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. In addition to the already described iron oxide morphologies, we identify in our iron-rich mats a new morphology that we named corals. Finally, we argue for significant correlations between the relative abundance of certain ZetaOTUs and that of iron oxide morphologies, contributing to the understanding of the drivers of iron oxide production in iron-oxidizing bacteria. International audience

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    Applied and Environmental Microbiology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Applied and Environmental Microbiology
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    Authors: Margaux Mollier; Camille Mazé; François Prioul; Paul Hamer; +3 Authors

    Abstract Large marine predators feeding on fish caught on fishing gear, referred to as ‘depredation’, occur in a wide range of fisheries worldwide. Depredation can result in negative ecological and socio-economic impacts, leading to conflict between fishers and depredating species. However, depredation remains understudied in many fisheries, and this hampers the development of effective mitigation solutions. In this study, 21 years of fishing data (2002–2022) were used to assess shark and odontocete depredation in the pelagic tuna longline fishery of New Caledonia. Using generalized linear models, the year, season, effort, soaking time, and vessel were identified as variables significantly influencing the probability of depredation to occur. Results showed that while shark depredation occurred more frequently than odontocete depredation (58.5% vs. 9.2% of the longline sets), they damaged a lower proportion of fish (3.9% vs. 12.3%) over the study period. Unlike sharks, odontocetes selectively depredate tuna, with their highest occurrence during periods of high tuna catch rates, suggesting a co-occurrence with fishing activities. Together, these results indicate that depredation in the New Caledonian fishery is high compared to other regions and provide essential information on the dynamics and impacts of the issue as a basis for considering management and mitigation options.

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    ICES Journal of Marine Science
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      ICES Journal of Marine Science
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    Authors: Jérôme Morelle; Alexandra Bastos; Silja Frankenbach; Jörg C. Frommlet; +3 Authors

    It has long been hypothesized that benthic motile pennate diatoms use phototaxis to optimize photosynthesis and minimize photoinhibitory damage by adjusting their position within vertical light gradients in coastal benthic sediments. However, experimental evidence to test this hypothesis remains inconclusive, mainly due to methodological difficulties in studying cell behavior and photosynthesis over realistic spatial microscale gradients of irradiance and cell position. In this study, a novel experimental approach was developed and used to test the hypothesis of photosynthesis optimization through motility, based on the combination of single-cell in vivo chlorophyll fluorometry and microfluidic chips. The approach allows the concurrent study of behavior and photosynthetic activity of individual cells of the epipelic diatom species Craspedostauros britannicus exposed to a light microgradient of realistic dimensions, simulating the irradiance and distance scales of light microgradients in benthic sediments. Following exposure to light, (i) cells explored their light environment before initiating light-directed motility; (ii) cells used motility to lower their light dose, when exposed to the highest light intensities; and (iii) motility was combined with reversible non-photochemical quenching, to allow cells to avoid photoinhibition. The results of this proof-of-concept study not only strongly support the photoprotective nature of photobehavior in the studied species but also revealed considerable variability in how individual cells reacted to a light microgradient. The experimental setup can be readily applied to study motility and photosynthetic light responses of other diatom species or natural assemblages, as well as other photoautotrophic motile microorganisms, broadening the toolset for experimental microbial ecology research. International audience

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    Microbial Ecology
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Microbial Ecology
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Koene, Joris M.; Jackson, Daniel J.; Nakadera, Yumi; Cerveau, Nicolas; +13 Authors

    Abstract The great pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis has served as a model organism for over a century in diverse disciplines such as neurophysiology, evolution, ecotoxicology and developmental biology. To support both established uses and newly emerging research interests we have performed whole genome sequencing (~ 176 x depth), assembly and annotation of a single individual derived from an inbred line. These efforts resulted in a final assembly of 943 Mb (L50 = 257; N50 = 957,215) with a total of 22,499 predicted gene models. As a first step towards understanding the hermaphroditic reproductive biology of L. stagnalis, we identified molecular receptors, specifically nuclear receptors (including newly discovered 2xDNA binding domain-NRs), G protein-coupled receptors, and receptor tyrosine kinases, that may be involved in the cellular specification and maintenance of simultaneously active male and female reproductive systems. A phylogenetic analysis of one particular family of GPCRs (Rhodopsin neuropeptide FMRFamide-receptor-like genes) shows a remarkable expansion that coincides with the occurrence of simultaneous hermaphroditism in the Euthyneura gastropods. As some GPCRs and NRs also showed qualitative differences in expression in female (albumen gland) and male (prostate gland) organs, it is possible that separate regulation of male and female reproductive processes may in part have been enabled by an increased abundance of receptors in the transition from a separate-sexed state to a hermaphroditic condition. These findings will support efforts to pair receptors with their activating ligands, and more generally stimulate deeper insight into the mechanisms that underlie the modes of action of compounds involved in neuroendocrine regulation of reproduction, induced toxicity, and development in L. stagnalis, and molluscs in general.

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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2024
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2024
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    Authors: Abou Ciré Ball; Elimane Abou Kane; Patrice Brehmer;

    Abstract Industrial fisheries targeting small pelagic fish have significant socio‐economic implications for North West African countries. This study examines the economic performance of fleets operating in Mauritania's exclusive economic zone under the free license and chartering systems. Using national production data from 1989 to 2010 and economic indicator ratios from European pelagic fishing vessels, we assess the economic performance of pelagic fisheries over one decade. Our findings show that vessel characteristics have rapidly evolved, with free‐licenced vessels having a higher average fishing capacity than chartered vessels. The nominal number of free licenses increased from under 8% in 1995; the year of free licencing began in Mauritania, to over 80% in 2010. The estimated average economic output for 2000–2010 was US$ 231 million, with free licenses contributing over 80% of the total turnover (US$ 187 million). Vessels operating under free licenses made a greater contribution to wealth creation than the chartering regime. Foreign ship owners generated US$ 40.7 million (22%) in income, while chartering yielded US$ 3.6 million (8%). However, the chartering regime was more fiscally advantageous, contributing over 68% of pelagic fisheries tax revenues (estimated at over US$ 29 million). The small pelagic fishery has been subject to a system of total allowable catches and fishing quotas since 2015. This study provides insights into the economic dynamics of the small pelagic fishery, informing decision‐making and potential strategies to enhance the sector's performance and overall economic impact. International audience

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    Journal of International Development
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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      Journal of International Development
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: T. Destanque; J. Le Luyer; V. Quillien; M. Sham Koua; +2 Authors

    Early development stages in marine bivalve are critical periods where larvae transition from pelagic free‐life to sessile mature individuals. The successive metamorphosis requires the expression of key genes, the functions of which might be under high selective pressure, hence understanding larval development represents key knowledge for both fundamental and applied research. Phenotypic larvae development is well known, but the underlying molecular mechanisms such as associated gene expression dynamic and molecular cross‐talks remains poorly described for several nonmodel species, such as P. margaritifera . We designed a whole transcriptome RNA‐sequencing analysis to describe such gene expression dynamics following four larval developmental stages: d ‐shape, Veliger, Umbo and Eye‐spot. Larval gene expression and annotated functions drastically diverge. Metabolic function (gene expression related to lipid, amino acid and carbohydrate use) is highly upregulated in the first development stages, with increasing demand from d ‐shape to umbo. Morphogenesis and larval transition are partly ordered by Thyroid hormones and Wnt signaling. While larvae shells show some similar characteristic to adult shells, the cause of initialization of biomineralization differ from the one found in adults. The present study provides a global overview of Pinctada margaritifera larval stages transitioning through gene expression dynamics, molecular mechanisms and ontogeny of biomineralization, immune system, and sensory perception processes. International audience

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    Article . 2024
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    Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B Molecular and Developmental Evolution
      Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Davide Thambithurai; Anna Kuparinen;

    Fishing-induced evolution (FIE) threatens the ecology, resilience, and economic value of fish populations. Traits under selection, and mechanisms of selection, can be influenced by abiotic and biotic perturbations, yet this has been overlooked. Here, we present the fishery selection continuum, where selection ranges from rigid fisheries selection to flexible fisheries selection. We provide examples on how FIE may function along this continuum, and identify selective processes that should be considered less or more flexible. We also introduce fishery reaction norms, which serve to conceptualise how selection from fishing may function in a dynamic context. Ultimately, we suggest an integrative approach to studying FIE that considers the environmental conditions in which it functions. peerReviewed

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    Jyväskylä University Digital Archive
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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    Trends in Ecology & Evolution
    Article . 2024 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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      Jyväskylä University Digital Archive
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      Trends in Ecology & Evolution
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