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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Di Cintio, Antonio; Fernandes-Salvador, Jose Antonio; Puntila-Dodd, Riikka; Granado, Igor; +2 Authors

    A Bayesian network-based, user-friendly decision support tool modelling how different socioeconomic factors affect the effectiveness of a marine protected area. This is the model included in the paper "Socio-economic factors boosting the effectiveness of marine protected areas: a Bayesian network analysis".

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    ZENODO
    Model . 2024
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    ZENODO
    Model . 2024
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      ZENODO
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alaoja, Tapani;

    Energy transition is actively ongoing in marine sector. To further increase the pace of transition, global emission reduction objectives have been tightened this year to meet the Paris agreement ambitions. Regulation is in constant motion moved by the authorities and classification societies while the technological knowhow improves in the industry at the same time. In middle of this transition methanol has taken its place as the most popular marine fuel in the global orderbook for new vessels. Requirements of the regulation related to the methanol fuel supply system are interesting in the eyes of the builder or designer of a new vessel, since the system differs significantly from traditional fossil fuel oil -based systems. Additionally, the qualities of methanol are very different. If the concept level requirements have been considered in the early stages of the project, the system can be made cost and energy efficient. The regulation set by IMO and DNV was processed in this thesis to recognize the relevant rule points and the differences between the regulations in the framework of the thesis. Separate rule points were then grouped under different topics and this information was further refined into pictures. It is possible for the reader to get general perception of the requirements for the methanol fuel supply system and its auxiliary system from these pictures. The systems should be made as simple and concentrated as possible based on the pictures and the findings made in this thesis. Additionally, the ventilated spaces should be minimized and the equipment should be placed in naturally ventilated deck where possible. Energiamurros on aktiivisesti käynnissä meriliikenteessä. Sen edelleen kiihdyttämiseksi päästövähennystavoitteita on kiristetty tänä vuonna Pariisin ilmastosopimuksen linjan mukaisiksi. Regulaatio uusiutuu niin viranomaisten, kuin myös luokituslaitosten suunnalta samaan aikaan, kun alan teknologinen osaaminen kehittyy. Keskellä tätä murrosta metanolista on tullut suosituin vaihtoehtoinen polttoaine laivojen globaalissa tilauskannassa. Metanolipolttoainejärjestelmään kohdistuvat regulaation vaatimukset ovat mielenkiintoisia esimerkiksi uutta laivaa hankkivan tai sitä suunnittelevan näkökulmasta, sillä järjestelmä poikkeaa huomattavasti perinteisistä öljypolttoaineisiin perustuvista järjestelmistä. Myös metanolin ominaisuudet ovat hyvin erilaiset. Mikäli konseptitason vaatimuksiin varaudutaan projektissa hyvissä ajoin, voidaan saada aikaiseksi kustannus- ja energiatehokas järjestelmä. Tässä työssä käytiin läpi IMO:n ja DNV:n asettamaa regulaatiota viitekehyksessä oleellisten sääntöjen ja niiden välisten erojen tunnistamiseksi. Tämän jälkeen irralliset sääntökohdat kerättiin yhteen aihealueittain ja tietoa jalostettiin edelleen kuviksi. Näistä kuvista lukijan on mahdollista saada karkean tason käsitys laivan metanolipolttoainejärjestelmälle ja sen oheisjärjestelmille asetetuista vaatimuksista. Tehtyjen kuvien ja löydösten perusteella voidaan todeta, että järjestelmästä kannattaa tehdä alueellisesti keskitetty ja yksinkertainen. Lisäksi kannattaa suosia mahdollisimman pieniä tuuletettavia tiloja ja laitteiston sijoittamista ulkokansille.

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    Authors: Holttinen, Venla;

    Electrification and digital tools are both on the rise. Digital tools can save time and resources, while for example hybrid and full electric marine vessels decrease operating costs and emissions in transport. These vessels require their power electronic devices to work perfectly in synchronization as a complete system, which requires careful parameterization of the equipment and control logic. The objective of this thesis is to create a simplified simulation model of a generic marine hybrid powertrain to be used in parameter testing. The minimum required parameters needed to parameterize the model to match a real-life vessel and a verification of the model's function are also needed. The simulation model was made with Matlab and Simulink from MathWorks. The modelled system's layout is based on multiple existing Danfoss Editron projects, as the model would need to be usable for different set-ups. Existing simulation models and their components were used for guidance and as building blocks. The model's logic and rules are based on Danfoss Editron's internal instructions, manuals, and knowledge. The final product is presented in sections. The simulation model contains genset models, an energy storage model, a load model, a power balance model, and a DC-link model. Input and output signals as well as relevant equations are given for each of these sections. Continuous testing was done throughout the development of the model, and the performance of the final version was verified by parameterizing it to match an existing vessel and comparing the model's output data to measured data. A list of minimum required parameters for setting up the model was constructed during the verification tests and these parameter lists are presented. Based on the relatively small errors between simulated and measured data, the model could be used in parameter and control logic testing in pre-commissioning. Further development could be done to include for example a PLC model, more precise diesel and battery models, more options for different control types, and more user interface functions. Maailma sähköistyy ja digitaaliset työkalut yleistyvät. Digitaalisilla työkaluilla voidaan säästää aikaa ja resursseja, kun taas esimerkiksi hybridi- ja täyssähkölaivat vähentävät käyttökustannuksia ja päästöjä liikenteessä. Tällaisissa laivoissa käytetyn tehoelektroniikan on muodostettava yhtenäisesti toimiva järjestelmä, mikä vaatii tarkkaa laitteiden ja ohjauslogiikan parametrisointia. Tämän työn tarkoituksena on tehdä yksinkertainen ja yleispätevä simulaatiomalli hybridilaivan sähköisestä voimansiirtojärjestelmästä parametritestaamista varten. Vähimmäisvaatimuksena olevat parametrit, joilla mallin saa parametrisoitua vastaamaan oikeaa laivaa, sekä mallin verifiointi vaaditaan myös. Simulaatiomalli toteutettiin MathWorksin Matlabilla ja Simulinkillä. Simuloidun järjestelmän rakenne perustuu useaan Danfoss Editronin todelliseen projektiin, koska mallin pitää olla sovellettavissa erilaisiin järjestelmiin. Olemassa olevia simulaatiomalleja ja niiden osia käytettiin työssä sekä suuntaohjeina että varsinaisina komponentteina. Mallin logiikka ja säännöt pohjautuvat Danfoss Editronin sisäisiin ohjeisiin, manuaaleihin ja tietoihin. Lopputulos esitellään osissa. Simulaatiossa on generaattori-, energiavarasto-, kuorma-, tehotasapaino- sekä DC-linkkimallit. Jokaiselle osiolle esitetään sisään- ja ulostulosignaalit sekä olennaiset yhtälöt. Mallia testattiin jatkuvasti sen kehityksen aikana ja lopullinen versio verifioitiin parametrisoimalla se vastaamaan olemassa olevaa laivaa ja vertaamalla mallin antamaa dataa mitattuun dataan. Mallin valmistelussa tarvitut olennaisimmat parametrit listattiin verifiointiprosessin aikana ja nämä listat esitellään työssä. Simuloidun ja mitatun datan suhteellisten pienten eroavaisuuksien perusteella tämän työn aikana rakennettu simulaatiomalli soveltuu kätettäväksi käyttöönottoa edeltävissä parametri- ja ohjauslogiikkatesteissä. Jatkokehitysvaiheissa malliin voitaisiin esimerkiksi lisätä PLC-malli, tarkemmat diesel- ja akkumallit, enemmän ohjauslogiikkavaihtoehtoja, sekä kehittää käyttöliittymää.

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  • Authors: Chauvier, Yohann; Hagen, Oskar; Albouy, Camille; Descombes, Patrice; +6 Authors

    Although species range may be obtained using expert maps or modeling methods, expert data is often species-limited and statistical models need more technical expertise as well as many species observations. When unavailable, such information may be extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information facility (GBIF), the largest public data repository inventorying georeferenced species observations worldwide. However, retrieving GBIF records at large scale may be tedious if users are unaware of specific tools and functions that need to be employed. Here we present *gbif.range*, an R library that contains automated methods to generate species range maps from scratch using in-house ecoregions shapefiles and an easy-to-use GBIF download wrapper. Finally, this library also offers a set of additional very useful parameters and functions for large GBIF datasets (generate doi, extract GBIF taxonomy, records filtering...). [gbif.range R project](https://github.com/8Ginette8/gbif.range)

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    Authors: Liuska, Lauri;

    Tässä kandityössä tutkitaan polymeerikomposiittien käyttökohteita ja käyttöön johtaneita syitä veneteollisuudessa. Työssä on selvitetty veneteollisuuden erityisiä materiaaleihin liittyviä vaatimuksia, sekä polymeerikomposiittien soveltuvuutta veneteollisuuteen. Työstä selviää myös erilaisia polymeerikomposiittien kehityskohteita veneteollisuudessa. Tutkimus on kirjallisuuskatsaus, jonka tietolähteinä käytetään painettua kirjallisuutta, sekä julkisia internetistä löytyviä artikkeleita ja valmistajien kotisivuja. Tutkimuksessa tutkitaan pääasiassa alle 24-metrisiä veneitä, sillä sitä suurempia aluksia voidaan pitää jo laivoina. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että polymeerikomposiitit ovat erittäin suosittu materiaali veneteollisuudessa, mutta polymeerikomposiiteilla on kuitenkin vielä kehitys tarpeita. Työn tuloksena löydettiin veneteollisuuteen sopivien polymeerikomposiittien tärkeitä ominaisuuksia, sekä käyttökohteita. This bachelor’s thesis investigates the applications of polymer composites and the reasons behind the use of polymer composites in the boat industry. The research explains what is required from materials in boat industry, and how polymer composites suite the boat industry applications. The work also reveals development needs for polymer composites in the boat industry. The study is a literature review in which printed literature as well as public articles and manufacturers' websites are used as sources. The study focuses on boats less than 24 long in length, as larger ones can already be considered ships. The study found that polymer composites are already a very popular material in the boat industry, but polymer composites still have development needs in the industry. As a result of this study, important properties, and applications for polymer composites in boat industry were found.

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    Authors: Benedetti, Fabio;
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    Authors: Kopp, Robert E.; Rasmussen, D. J.;

    This MATLAB code is intended to help end-users who wish to work with the sea-level rise projections of Kopp et al. (2014) and successor papers in greater detail than provided by the supplementary tables accompanying that table but without re-running the full global analysis using the supplementary code accompanying the paper. Key functionality these routines provide include: 1. Local sea-level rise projections at decadal time points and arbitrary quantiles 2. Localized Monte Carlo samples, disaggregatable by contributory process 3. Localized variance decomposition plots This code was originally developed to accompany the results of R. E. Kopp, R. M. Horton, C. M. Little, J. X. Mitrovica, M. Oppenheimer, D. J. Rasmussen, B. H. Strauss, and C. Tebaldi (2014). Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea-level projections at a global network of tide gauge sites. Earth's Future 2: 287–306, doi:10.1002/2014EF000239. Please cite that paper, along with the paper(s) associated with the specific projections you are using, when using any sea-level rise projections generated with this code.

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    Authors: Enroth, Björn;

    Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on määrittää teknologiset vaihtoehdot lämpöenergian talteenotolle, varastoinnille ja hyödyntämiselle Itämeren alueen avustavalle jäänmurtajalle. Lämpöenergian talteenoton ja varastoinnin tarkoituksena on alentaa polttoaineen kulutusta, päästöjä ja käyttökustannuksia. Kansainvälisen merenkulun päästöjä tulee vähentää 50 % vuoden 2008 tasosta vuoteen 2050 mennessä. Päästötavoitteen saavuttaminen vaatii alusten energiatehokkuuden parantamista sekä vaihtoehtoisten polttoaineiden käyttöönottoa. Dieselmoottorin hyötysuhde on jo lähes 50 %. Suurin osa jäljelle jäävästä energiasta esiintyy lämpöenergiana pakokaasuissa ja jäähdytysvedessä. Tätä lämpöenergiaa voidaan ottaa talteen, varastoida ja hyödyntää aluksen sekä sen eri järjestelmien lämmittämiseen. Jäänmurtajan vaihtelevasta käyttöprofiilista johtuen talteen otettavan lämpöenergian ja sen kulutuksen suhde eivät useimmissa operointitapauksissa ole samanaikaisia. Työssä esitetään laskennallisesti jäänmurtajan lämpötase. Laskennan ja määritettyjen teknologisten vaihtoehtojen perusteella lämpöenergian talteenotto ja varastointi on kannattavaa. The meaning of this Master’s thesis is to evaluate the technologies for waste heat recovery, thermal energy storage and utilization for the assisting Baltic Sea area icebreaker. The meaning of waste heat recovery and thermal energy storage is to reduce fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and operational costs. The emissions from the international shipping should be reduced by at least 50 % by year 2050 compared to year 2008. In order to achieve the goal measures has to be taken. These measures are better energy efficiency and introduction of alternative fuels. The energy efficiency of a modern diesel engine is close to 50 %. Most of the remaining energy is in form of thermal energy in exhaust gases and cooling water. This thermal energy may be recovered, stored and utilized for the heating of the vessel and its systems. An icebreaker operates on varying engine loads and because of this the production and usage of thermal energy is not always concurrently. Based on the calculations in this thesis it is profitable to recover and store thermal energy onboard an icebreaker.

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    Authors: Plach, Andreas; Vinther, Bo M.; Nisancioglu, Kerim H.; Vudayagiri, Sindhu; +1 Authors

    This study presents simulations of Greenland surface melt for the Eemian interglacial period (∼130 000 to 115 000 years ago) derived from regional climate simulations with a coupled surface energy balance model. Surface melt is of high relevance due to its potential effect on ice core observations, e.g., lowering the preserved total air content (TAC) used to infer past surface elevation. An investigation of surface melt is particularly interesting for warm periods with high surface melt, such as the Eemian interglacial period. Furthermore, Eemian ice is the deepest and most compressed ice preserved on Greenland, resulting in our inability to identify melt layers visually. Therefore, simulating Eemian melt rates and associated melt layers is beneficial to improve the reconstruction of past surface elevation. Estimated TAC, based on simulated melt during the Eemian, could explain the lower TAC observations. The simulations show Eemian surface melt at all deep Greenland ice core locations and an average of up to ∼30 melt days per year at Dye-3, corresponding to more than 600 mm water equivalent (w.e.) of annual melt. For higher ice sheet locations, between 60 and 150 mmw.e.yr-1 on average are simulated. At the summit of Greenland, this yields a refreezing ratio of more than 25 % of the annual accumulation. As a consequence, high melt rates during warm periods should be considered when interpreting Greenland TAC fluctuations as surface elevation changes. In addition to estimating the influence of melt on past TAC in ice cores, the simulated surface melt could potentially be used to identify coring locations where Greenland ice is best preserved.

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    Authors: Vogt, Meike; Benedetti, Fabio; Righetti, Damiano; O'Brien, Colleen; +3 Authors
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Di Cintio, Antonio; Fernandes-Salvador, Jose Antonio; Puntila-Dodd, Riikka; Granado, Igor; +2 Authors

    A Bayesian network-based, user-friendly decision support tool modelling how different socioeconomic factors affect the effectiveness of a marine protected area. This is the model included in the paper "Socio-economic factors boosting the effectiveness of marine protected areas: a Bayesian network analysis".

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    Model . 2024
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    Authors: Alaoja, Tapani;

    Energy transition is actively ongoing in marine sector. To further increase the pace of transition, global emission reduction objectives have been tightened this year to meet the Paris agreement ambitions. Regulation is in constant motion moved by the authorities and classification societies while the technological knowhow improves in the industry at the same time. In middle of this transition methanol has taken its place as the most popular marine fuel in the global orderbook for new vessels. Requirements of the regulation related to the methanol fuel supply system are interesting in the eyes of the builder or designer of a new vessel, since the system differs significantly from traditional fossil fuel oil -based systems. Additionally, the qualities of methanol are very different. If the concept level requirements have been considered in the early stages of the project, the system can be made cost and energy efficient. The regulation set by IMO and DNV was processed in this thesis to recognize the relevant rule points and the differences between the regulations in the framework of the thesis. Separate rule points were then grouped under different topics and this information was further refined into pictures. It is possible for the reader to get general perception of the requirements for the methanol fuel supply system and its auxiliary system from these pictures. The systems should be made as simple and concentrated as possible based on the pictures and the findings made in this thesis. Additionally, the ventilated spaces should be minimized and the equipment should be placed in naturally ventilated deck where possible. Energiamurros on aktiivisesti käynnissä meriliikenteessä. Sen edelleen kiihdyttämiseksi päästövähennystavoitteita on kiristetty tänä vuonna Pariisin ilmastosopimuksen linjan mukaisiksi. Regulaatio uusiutuu niin viranomaisten, kuin myös luokituslaitosten suunnalta samaan aikaan, kun alan teknologinen osaaminen kehittyy. Keskellä tätä murrosta metanolista on tullut suosituin vaihtoehtoinen polttoaine laivojen globaalissa tilauskannassa. Metanolipolttoainejärjestelmään kohdistuvat regulaation vaatimukset ovat mielenkiintoisia esimerkiksi uutta laivaa hankkivan tai sitä suunnittelevan näkökulmasta, sillä järjestelmä poikkeaa huomattavasti perinteisistä öljypolttoaineisiin perustuvista järjestelmistä. Myös metanolin ominaisuudet ovat hyvin erilaiset. Mikäli konseptitason vaatimuksiin varaudutaan projektissa hyvissä ajoin, voidaan saada aikaiseksi kustannus- ja energiatehokas järjestelmä. Tässä työssä käytiin läpi IMO:n ja DNV:n asettamaa regulaatiota viitekehyksessä oleellisten sääntöjen ja niiden välisten erojen tunnistamiseksi. Tämän jälkeen irralliset sääntökohdat kerättiin yhteen aihealueittain ja tietoa jalostettiin edelleen kuviksi. Näistä kuvista lukijan on mahdollista saada karkean tason käsitys laivan metanolipolttoainejärjestelmälle ja sen oheisjärjestelmille asetetuista vaatimuksista. Tehtyjen kuvien ja löydösten perusteella voidaan todeta, että järjestelmästä kannattaa tehdä alueellisesti keskitetty ja yksinkertainen. Lisäksi kannattaa suosia mahdollisimman pieniä tuuletettavia tiloja ja laitteiston sijoittamista ulkokansille.

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    Authors: Holttinen, Venla;

    Electrification and digital tools are both on the rise. Digital tools can save time and resources, while for example hybrid and full electric marine vessels decrease operating costs and emissions in transport. These vessels require their power electronic devices to work perfectly in synchronization as a complete system, which requires careful parameterization of the equipment and control logic. The objective of this thesis is to create a simplified simulation model of a generic marine hybrid powertrain to be used in parameter testing. The minimum required parameters needed to parameterize the model to match a real-life vessel and a verification of the model's function are also needed. The simulation model was made with Matlab and Simulink from MathWorks. The modelled system's layout is based on multiple existing Danfoss Editron projects, as the model would need to be usable for different set-ups. Existing simulation models and their components were used for guidance and as building blocks. The model's logic and rules are based on Danfoss Editron's internal instructions, manuals, and knowledge. The final product is presented in sections. The simulation model contains genset models, an energy storage model, a load model, a power balance model, and a DC-link model. Input and output signals as well as relevant equations are given for each of these sections. Continuous testing was done throughout the development of the model, and the performance of the final version was verified by parameterizing it to match an existing vessel and comparing the model's output data to measured data. A list of minimum required parameters for setting up the model was constructed during the verification tests and these parameter lists are presented. Based on the relatively small errors between simulated and measured data, the model could be used in parameter and control logic testing in pre-commissioning. Further development could be done to include for example a PLC model, more precise diesel and battery models, more options for different control types, and more user interface functions. Maailma sähköistyy ja digitaaliset työkalut yleistyvät. Digitaalisilla työkaluilla voidaan säästää aikaa ja resursseja, kun taas esimerkiksi hybridi- ja täyssähkölaivat vähentävät käyttökustannuksia ja päästöjä liikenteessä. Tällaisissa laivoissa käytetyn tehoelektroniikan on muodostettava yhtenäisesti toimiva järjestelmä, mikä vaatii tarkkaa laitteiden ja ohjauslogiikan parametrisointia. Tämän työn tarkoituksena on tehdä yksinkertainen ja yleispätevä simulaatiomalli hybridilaivan sähköisestä voimansiirtojärjestelmästä parametritestaamista varten. Vähimmäisvaatimuksena olevat parametrit, joilla mallin saa parametrisoitua vastaamaan oikeaa laivaa, sekä mallin verifiointi vaaditaan myös. Simulaatiomalli toteutettiin MathWorksin Matlabilla ja Simulinkillä. Simuloidun järjestelmän rakenne perustuu useaan Danfoss Editronin todelliseen projektiin, koska mallin pitää olla sovellettavissa erilaisiin järjestelmiin. Olemassa olevia simulaatiomalleja ja niiden osia käytettiin työssä sekä suuntaohjeina että varsinaisina komponentteina. Mallin logiikka ja säännöt pohjautuvat Danfoss Editronin sisäisiin ohjeisiin, manuaaleihin ja tietoihin. Lopputulos esitellään osissa. Simulaatiossa on generaattori-, energiavarasto-, kuorma-, tehotasapaino- sekä DC-linkkimallit. Jokaiselle osiolle esitetään sisään- ja ulostulosignaalit sekä olennaiset yhtälöt. Mallia testattiin jatkuvasti sen kehityksen aikana ja lopullinen versio verifioitiin parametrisoimalla se vastaamaan olemassa olevaa laivaa ja vertaamalla mallin antamaa dataa mitattuun dataan. Mallin valmistelussa tarvitut olennaisimmat parametrit listattiin verifiointiprosessin aikana ja nämä listat esitellään työssä. Simuloidun ja mitatun datan suhteellisten pienten eroavaisuuksien perusteella tämän työn aikana rakennettu simulaatiomalli soveltuu kätettäväksi käyttöönottoa edeltävissä parametri- ja ohjauslogiikkatesteissä. Jatkokehitysvaiheissa malliin voitaisiin esimerkiksi lisätä PLC-malli, tarkemmat diesel- ja akkumallit, enemmän ohjauslogiikkavaihtoehtoja, sekä kehittää käyttöliittymää.

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  • Authors: Chauvier, Yohann; Hagen, Oskar; Albouy, Camille; Descombes, Patrice; +6 Authors

    Although species range may be obtained using expert maps or modeling methods, expert data is often species-limited and statistical models need more technical expertise as well as many species observations. When unavailable, such information may be extracted from the Global Biodiversity Information facility (GBIF), the largest public data repository inventorying georeferenced species observations worldwide. However, retrieving GBIF records at large scale may be tedious if users are unaware of specific tools and functions that need to be employed. Here we present *gbif.range*, an R library that contains automated methods to generate species range maps from scratch using in-house ecoregions shapefiles and an easy-to-use GBIF download wrapper. Finally, this library also offers a set of additional very useful parameters and functions for large GBIF datasets (generate doi, extract GBIF taxonomy, records filtering...). [gbif.range R project](https://github.com/8Ginette8/gbif.range)

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    Authors: Liuska, Lauri;

    Tässä kandityössä tutkitaan polymeerikomposiittien käyttökohteita ja käyttöön johtaneita syitä veneteollisuudessa. Työssä on selvitetty veneteollisuuden erityisiä materiaaleihin liittyviä vaatimuksia, sekä polymeerikomposiittien soveltuvuutta veneteollisuuteen. Työstä selviää myös erilaisia polymeerikomposiittien kehityskohteita veneteollisuudessa. Tutkimus on kirjallisuuskatsaus, jonka tietolähteinä käytetään painettua kirjallisuutta, sekä julkisia internetistä löytyviä artikkeleita ja valmistajien kotisivuja. Tutkimuksessa tutkitaan pääasiassa alle 24-metrisiä veneitä, sillä sitä suurempia aluksia voidaan pitää jo laivoina. Tutkimuksessa selvisi, että polymeerikomposiitit ovat erittäin suosittu materiaali veneteollisuudessa, mutta polymeerikomposiiteilla on kuitenkin vielä kehitys tarpeita. Työn tuloksena löydettiin veneteollisuuteen sopivien polymeerikomposiittien tärkeitä ominaisuuksia, sekä käyttökohteita. This bachelor’s thesis investigates the applications of polymer composites and the reasons behind the use of polymer composites in the boat industry. The research explains what is required from materials in boat industry, and how polymer composites suite the boat industry applications. The work also reveals development needs for polymer composites in the boat industry. The study is a literature review in which printed literature as well as public articles and manufacturers' websites are used as sources. The study focuses on boats less than 24 long in length, as larger ones can already be considered ships. The study found that polymer composites are already a very popular material in the boat industry, but polymer composites still have development needs in the industry. As a result of this study, important properties, and applications for polymer composites in boat industry were found.

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    Authors: Benedetti, Fabio;
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    Authors: Kopp, Robert E.; Rasmussen, D. J.;

    This MATLAB code is intended to help end-users who wish to work with the sea-level rise projections of Kopp et al. (2014) and successor papers in greater detail than provided by the supplementary tables accompanying that table but without re-running the full global analysis using the supplementary code accompanying the paper. Key functionality these routines provide include: 1. Local sea-level rise projections at decadal time points and arbitrary quantiles 2. Localized Monte Carlo samples, disaggregatable by contributory process 3. Localized variance decomposition plots This code was originally developed to accompany the results of R. E. Kopp, R. M. Horton, C. M. Little, J. X. Mitrovica, M. Oppenheimer, D. J. Rasmussen, B. H. Strauss, and C. Tebaldi (2014). Probabilistic 21st and 22nd century sea-level projections at a global network of tide gauge sites. Earth's Future 2: 287–306, doi:10.1002/2014EF000239. Please cite that paper, along with the paper(s) associated with the specific projections you are using, when using any sea-level rise projections generated with this code.

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    Authors: Enroth, Björn;

    Tämän diplomityön tarkoituksena on määrittää teknologiset vaihtoehdot lämpöenergian talteenotolle, varastoinnille ja hyödyntämiselle Itämeren alueen avustavalle jäänmurtajalle. Lämpöenergian talteenoton ja varastoinnin tarkoituksena on alentaa polttoaineen kulutusta, päästöjä ja käyttökustannuksia. Kansainvälisen merenkulun päästöjä tulee vähentää 50 % vuoden 2008 tasosta vuoteen 2050 mennessä. Päästötavoitteen saavuttaminen vaatii alusten energiatehokkuuden parantamista sekä vaihtoehtoisten polttoaineiden käyttöönottoa. Dieselmoottorin hyötysuhde on jo lähes 50 %. Suurin osa jäljelle jäävästä energiasta esiintyy lämpöenergiana pakokaasuissa ja jäähdytysvedessä. Tätä lämpöenergiaa voidaan ottaa talteen, varastoida ja hyödyntää aluksen sekä sen eri järjestelmien lämmittämiseen. Jäänmurtajan vaihtelevasta käyttöprofiilista johtuen talteen otettavan lämpöenergian ja sen kulutuksen suhde eivät useimmissa operointitapauksissa ole samanaikaisia. Työssä esitetään laskennallisesti jäänmurtajan lämpötase. Laskennan ja määritettyjen teknologisten vaihtoehtojen perusteella lämpöenergian talteenotto ja varastointi on kannattavaa. The meaning of this Master’s thesis is to evaluate the technologies for waste heat recovery, thermal energy storage and utilization for the assisting Baltic Sea area icebreaker. The meaning of waste heat recovery and thermal energy storage is to reduce fuel consumption, exhaust emissions and operational costs. The emissions from the international shipping should be reduced by at least 50 % by year 2050 compared to year 2008. In order to achieve the goal measures has to be taken. These measures are better energy efficiency and introduction of alternative fuels. The energy efficiency of a modern diesel engine is close to 50 %. Most of the remaining energy is in form of thermal energy in exhaust gases and cooling water. This thermal energy may be recovered, stored and utilized for the heating of the vessel and its systems. An icebreaker operates on varying engine loads and because of this the production and usage of thermal energy is not always concurrently. Based on the calculations in this thesis it is profitable to recover and store thermal energy onboard an icebreaker.

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    Authors: Plach, Andreas; Vinther, Bo M.; Nisancioglu, Kerim H.; Vudayagiri, Sindhu; +1 Authors

    This study presents simulations of Greenland surface melt for the Eemian interglacial period (∼130 000 to 115 000 years ago) derived from regional climate simulations with a coupled surface energy balance model. Surface melt is of high relevance due to its potential effect on ice core observations, e.g., lowering the preserved total air content (TAC) used to infer past surface elevation. An investigation of surface melt is particularly interesting for warm periods with high surface melt, such as the Eemian interglacial period. Furthermore, Eemian ice is the deepest and most compressed ice preserved on Greenland, resulting in our inability to identify melt layers visually. Therefore, simulating Eemian melt rates and associated melt layers is beneficial to improve the reconstruction of past surface elevation. Estimated TAC, based on simulated melt during the Eemian, could explain the lower TAC observations. The simulations show Eemian surface melt at all deep Greenland ice core locations and an average of up to ∼30 melt days per year at Dye-3, corresponding to more than 600 mm water equivalent (w.e.) of annual melt. For higher ice sheet locations, between 60 and 150 mmw.e.yr-1 on average are simulated. At the summit of Greenland, this yields a refreezing ratio of more than 25 % of the annual accumulation. As a consequence, high melt rates during warm periods should be considered when interpreting Greenland TAC fluctuations as surface elevation changes. In addition to estimating the influence of melt on past TAC in ice cores, the simulated surface melt could potentially be used to identify coring locations where Greenland ice is best preserved.

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    Authors: Vogt, Meike; Benedetti, Fabio; Righetti, Damiano; O'Brien, Colleen; +3 Authors
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