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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2011 ItalyCoastal Education and Research Foundation Olga Mangoni; Francesca Margiotta; Maria Saggiomo; Immacolata Santarpia; Giorgio Budillon; Vincenzo Saggiomo;doi: 10.2112/si_58_7
Phytoplankton assemblages were studied to characterize the trophic status of the semienclosed Vlora Bay (Albania) and to evaluate the influence of terrestrial inputs on its pelagic ecosystem. The study was carried out as part of the European Project CISM (INTERREG IIIA Italy–Albania) and conducted during two oceanographic cruises (spring 2007, winter 2008). The size-fractionated chlorophyll a concentrations, primary production rates, and the chemotaxonomic composition (high-performance liquid chromatography) of the phytoplankton assemblages were measured. The spatial variability of primary production rates and chlorophyll a concentrations both showed a pronounced E-W gradient in the surface layer, with the highest values along the eastern coast. In spring, a deep chlorophyll maximum was observed in the central western part of the bay, whereas in winter a homogeneous vertical distribution was observed. The phytoplankton assemblages were quite similar in both seasons and were dominated by the picophytoplankton fraction (<46% and 53% in spring and in winter, respectively). Haptophytes and pelagophytes were the major phytoplankton groups, and accounted, respectively, for 50% and 15% in spring, and 40% and 25% in winter. The results showed that Vlora Bay was characterized by generally oligotrophic conditions and that the influence of the southern Adriatic open waters was negligible. The trophic characteristics of the pelagic ecosystem of the bay were essentially driven by terrestrial inputs.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu6 citations 6 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2112/si_58_7&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2018 EnglishGroße, Fabian; Greenwood, Naomi; Kreus, Markus; Lenhart, Hermann-Josef; Machoczek, Detlev; Pätsch, Johannes; Salt, Lesley; Thomas, Helmuth;Low oxygen conditions, often referred to as oxygen deficiency, occur regularly in the North Sea, a temperate European shelf sea. Stratification represents a major process regulating the seasonal dynamics of bottom oxygen, yet, lowest oxygen conditions in the North Sea do not occur in the regions of strongest stratification. This suggests that stratification is an important prerequisite for oxygen deficiency, but that the complex interaction between hydrodynamics and the biological processes drives its evolution. In this study we use the ecosystem model HAMSOM-ECOHAM to provide a general characterisation of the different zones of the North Sea with respect to oxygen, and to quantify the impact of the different physical and biological factors driving the oxygen dynamics inside the entire sub-thermocline volume and directly above the bottom. With respect to oxygen dynamics, the North Sea can be subdivided into three different zones: (1) a highly productive, non-stratified coastal zone, (2) a productive, seasonally stratified zone with a small sub-thermocline volume, and (3) a productive, seasonally stratified zone with a large sub-thermocline volume. Type 2 reveals the highest susceptibility to oxygen deficiency due to sufficiently long stratification periods (> 60 days) accompanied by high surface productivity resulting in high biological consumption, and a small sub-thermocline volume implying both a small initial oxygen inventory and a strong influence of the biological consumption on the oxygen concentration. Year-to-year variations in the oxygen conditions are caused by variations in primary production, while spatial differences can be attributed to differences in stratification and water depth. The large sub-thermocline volume dominates the oxygen dynamics in the northern central and northern North Sea and makes this region insusceptible to oxygen deficiency. In the southern North Sea the strong tidal mixing inhibits the development of seasonal stratification which protects this area from the evolution of low oxygen conditions. In contrast, the southern central North Sea is highly susceptible to low oxygen conditions (type 2). We furthermore show that benthic diagenetic processes represent the main oxygen consumers in the bottom layer, consistently accounting for more than 50 % of the overall consumption. Thus, primary production followed by remineralisation of organic matter under stratified conditions constitutes the main driver for the evolution of oxygen deficiency in the southern central North Sea. By providing these valuable insights, we show that ecosystem models can be a useful tool for the interpretation of observations and the estimation of the impact of anthropogenic drivers on the North Sea oxygen conditions.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2001 ItalyOxford University Press (OUP) Authors: Chiara Zurzolo; Chris Bowler;Chiara Zurzolo; Chris Bowler;The world's oceans cover 70% of the surface of our planet. The photosynthetic organisms living within its photic zone are responsible for about one-half of global primary productivity. The most successful organisms are thought to be photosynthetic prokaryotes (cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes) and
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1104/pp.010709&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu55 citations 55 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1104/pp.010709&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016 Brazil, Australia, United KingdomThe Royal Society William J. Ripple; Katharine Abernethy; Matthew G. Betts; Guillaume Chapron; Rodolfo Dirzo; Mauro Galetti; Taal Levi; Peter A. Lindsey; David W. Macdonald; Brian Machovina; Thomas M. Newsome; Carlos A. Peres; Arian D. Wallach; Christopher Wolf; Hillary S. Young;Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-10-19 Terrestrial mammals are experiencing a massive collapse in their population sizes and geographical ranges around the world, but many of the drivers, patterns and consequences of this decline remain poorly understood. Here we provide an analysis showing that bushmeat hunting for mostly food and medicinal products is driving a global crisis whereby 301 terrestrial mammal species are threatened with extinction. Nearly all of these threatened species occur in developing countries where major coexisting threats include deforestation, agricultural expansion, human encroachment and competition with livestock. The unrelenting decline of mammals suggests many vital ecological and socio-economic services that these species provide will be lost, potentially changing ecosystems irrevocably. We discuss options and current obstacles to achieving effective conservation, alongside consequences of failure to stem such anthropogenic mammalian extirpation. We propose a multipronged conservation strategy to help save threatened mammals from immediate extinction and avoid a collapse of food security for hundreds of millions of people. GlobalTrophic Cascades Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Forest Biodiversity Research Network Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale CENAREST Grims�Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Biology Stanford University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto Bioci�ncias Departamento de Ecologia Department of Bioscience Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Aarhus University Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University, Burwood campus School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Centre for Compassionate Conservation School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto Bioci�ncias Departamento de Ecologia
UTS Institutional Re... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2016Data sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1098/rsos.160498&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu320 citations 320 popularity Top 0.1% influence Top 1% impulse Top 0.1% Powered by BIP!
visibility 9visibility views 9 download downloads 41 Powered bymore_vert UTS Institutional Re... arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2016Data sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1098/rsos.160498&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2022 Spain, ItalyElsevier BV Simonetta Fraschetti; Erika Fabbrizzi; Laura Tamburello; María C. Uyarra; Fiorenza Micheli; Enric Sala; Carlo Pipitone; Fabio Badalamenti; Stanislao Bevilacqua; Jordi Boada; Emma Cebrian; Giulia Ceccherelli; Mariachiara Chiantore; Giovanni D'Anna; Antonio Di Franco; Simone Farina; Sylvaine Giakoumi; Elena Gissi; Ivan Guala; Paolo Guidetti; Stelios Katsanevakis; Elisabetta Manea; Monica Montefalcone; Maria Sini; Valentina Asnaghi; Antonio Calò; Manfredi Di Lorenzo; Joaquim Garrabou; Luigi Musco; Alice Oprandi; Gil Rilov; Angel Borja;pmid: 34968935
handle: 11368/3004713 , 11587/474989 , 10261/257559
Local, regional and global targets have been set to halt marine biodiversity loss. Europe has set its own policy targets to achieve Good Environmental Status (GES) of marine ecosystems by implementing the Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) across member states. We combined an extensive dataset across five Mediterranean ecoregions including 26 Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), their reference unprotected areas, and a no-trawl case study. Our aim was to assess if MPAs reach GES, if their effects are local or can be detected at ecoregion level or up to a Mediterranean scale, and which are the ecosystem components driving GES achievement. This was undertaken by using the analytical tool NEAT (Nested Environmental status Assessment Tool), which allows an integrated assessment of the status of marine systems. We adopted an ecosystem approach by integrating data from several ecosystem components: the seagrass Posidonia oceanica, macroalgae, sea urchins and fish. Thresholds to define the GES were set by dedicated workshops and literature review. In the Western Mediterranean, most MPAs are in good/high status, with P. oceanica and fish driving this result within MPAs. However, GES is achieved only at a local level, and the Mediterranean Sea, as a whole, results in a moderate environmental status. Macroalgal forests are overall in bad condition, confirming their status at risk. The results are significantly affected by the assumption that discrete observations over small spatial scales are representative of the total extension investigated. This calls for large-scale, dedicated assessments to realistically detect environmental status changes under different conditions. Understanding MPAs effectiveness in reaching GES is crucial to assess their role as sentinel observatories of marine systems. MPAs and trawling bans can locally contribute to the attainment of GES and to the fulfillment of the MSFD objectives. Building confidence in setting thresholds between GES and non-GES, investing in long-term monitoring, increasing the spatial extent of sampling areas, rethinking and broadening the scope of complementary tools of protection (e.g., Natura 2000 Sites), are indicated as solutions to ameliorate the status of the basin. This article was undertaken within the COST Action 15121 MarCons (http://www.marcons-cost.eu, European Cooperation in Science and Technology), the Interreg MED AMAre Plus (Ref: 8022) and the project PO FEAMP 2014-2020 Innovazione, sviluppo e sostenibilita ` nel settore della pesca e dell’acquacoltura per la Regione Campania (ISSPA 2.51). M.C.U., A.B. have been funded by the project MEDREGION (European Commission DG ENV/MSFD, 2018 call, Grant Agreement 110661/ 2018/794286/SUB/ENV.C2). Aegean Sea data were retrieved from the project PROTOMEDEA (www.protomedea.eu), funded by DG for Marine Affairs and Fisheries of the EC, under Grant Agreement SI2.721917. JB acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (Juan de la Cierva fellowship FJC 2018-035566-I). With the institutional support of the ‘Severo Ochoa Centre of Excellence’ accreditation (CEX2019-000928-S). Este artículo contiene 11 páginas, 2 figuras, 2 tablas. Peer reviewed
ArTS - Archivio dell... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA; DIGITAL.CSICArticle . 2022add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114370&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu11 citations 11 popularity Top 10% influence Average impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
visibility 66visibility views 66 download downloads 270 Powered bymore_vert ArTS - Archivio dell... arrow_drop_down Recolector de Ciencia Abierta, RECOLECTA; DIGITAL.CSICArticle . 2022add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.114370&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2000 ItalyElsevier BV Perrone; L.; Pasca di Magliano; M.; Zannini; M.; Di Lauro; R.;pmid: 1
The thyroid transcription factor TTF-2 is a forkhead-containing protein involved in thyroid-specific gene expression and necessary for thyroid morphogenesis. In this paper, we demonstrate that TTF-2 is able to inhibit the activity of the thyroid-specific transcription factors TTF-1 and Pax-8 only on certain promoters. We identified the minimal protein domain responsible for repressor activity, which behaves as an independent functional domain, and we show that repression by TTF-2 is DNA-binding independent. We suggest that TTF-2 is able to interfere with a specific cofactor required for TTF-1 and Pax-8 activity. (C) 2000 Academic Press.
Biochemical and Biop... arrow_drop_down Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsArticle . 2000Data sources: Europe PubMed Centraladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1006/bbrc.2000.3232&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu53 citations 53 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert Biochemical and Biop... arrow_drop_down Biochemical and Biophysical Research CommunicationsArticle . 2000Data sources: Europe PubMed Centraladd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1006/bbrc.2000.3232&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2015 France, United Kingdom, United Kingdom EnglishHAL CCSD ANR | OPALEFrey, N. M.; Roscoe, H. K.; Kukui, Alexandre; Savarino, Joël A.; France, J. L.; King, M.D.; Legrand, Michel; Preunkert, Susanne;Mixing ratios of the atmospheric nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 were measured as part of the OPALE (Oxidant Production in Antarctic Lands & Export) campaign at Dome C, East Antarctica (75.1° S, 123.3° E, 3233 m), during December 2011 to January 2012. Profiles of NOx mixing ratios of the lower 100 m of the atmosphere confirm that, in contrast to the South Pole, air chemistry at Dome C is strongly influenced by large diurnal cycles in solar irradiance and a sudden collapse of the atmospheric boundary layer in the early evening. Depth profiles of mixing ratios in firn air suggest that the upper snowpack at Dome C holds a significant reservoir of photolytically produced NO2 and is a sink of gas-phase ozone (O3). First-time observations of bromine oxide (BrO) at Dome C show that mixing ratios of BrO near the ground are low, certainly less than 5 pptv, with higher levels in the free troposphere. Assuming steady state, observed mixing ratios of BrO and RO2 radicals are too low to explain the large NO2 : NO ratios found in ambient air, possibly indicating the existence of an unknown process contributing to the atmospheric chemistry of reactive nitrogen above the Antarctic Plateau. During 2011–2012, NOx mixing ratios and flux were larger than in 2009–2010, consistent with also larger surface O3 mixing ratios resulting from increased net O3 production. Large NOx mixing ratios at Dome C arise from a combination of continuous sunlight, shallow mixing height and significant NOx emissions by surface snow (FNOx). During 23 December 2011–12 January 2012, median FNOx was twice that during the same period in 2009–2010 due to significantly larger atmospheric turbulence and a slightly stronger snowpack source. A tripling of FNOx in December 2011 was largely due to changes in snowpack source strength caused primarily by changes in NO3− concentrations in the snow skin layer, and only to a secondary order by decrease of total column O3 and associated increase in NO3− photolysis rates. A source of uncertainty in model estimates of FNOx is the quantum yield of NO3− photolysis in natural snow, which may change over time as the snow ages.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
visibility 3visibility views 3 download downloads 107 Powered bymore_vert All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=od______2100::206c1213f23b198499e916073ad5594b&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2002 ItalyWiley Nina Dathan; Rosanna Parlato; Annamaria Rosica; Mario De Felice; Roberto Di Lauro;doi: 10.1002/dvdy.10118
pmid: 122
Titf2/foxe1 is a forkhead domain-containing gene expressed in the foregut, in the thyroid, and in the cranial ectoderm of the developing mouse. Titf2 null mice exhibit cleft palate and either a sublingual or completely absent thyroid gland. In humans, mutations of the gene encoding for thyroid transcription factor-2 (TTF-2) result in the Bamforth syndrome, characterized by thyroid agenesis, cleft palate, spiky hair, and choanal atresia. Here, we report a detailed expression pattern of TTF-2 protein during mouse embryogenesis and show its presence in structures where it has not been described yet. At embryonic day (E) 10.5, TTF-2 is expressed in Rathke's pouch, in thyroid, and in the epithelium of the pharyngeal wall and arches, whereas it is absent in the epithelium of the pharyngeal pouches. According to this expression, at E13.5, TTF-2 is present in endoderm derivatives, such as tongue, palate, epiglottis, pharynx, and oesophagus. Later in embryogenesis, we detect TTF-2 in the choanae and whiskers. This pattern of expression helps to define the complex phenotype displayed by human patients. Finally, we show that TTF-2 is a phosphorylated protein. These results help to characterize the domains of TTF-2 expression, from early embryogenesis throughout organogenesis, providing more detail on the potential role of TTF-2 in the development of endoderm and ectoderm derived structures.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/dvdy.10118&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu87 citations 87 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1002/dvdy.10118&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2018 Germany, United Kingdom, United KingdomCopernicus GmbH A. Lenton; A. Lenton; R. J. Matear; D. P. Keller; V. Scott; N. E. Vaughan;Abstract. Atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) levels continue to rise, increasing the risk of severe impacts on the Earth system, and on the ecosystem services that it provides. Artificial ocean alkalinization (AOA) is capable of reducing atmospheric CO2 concentrations and surface warming and addressing ocean acidification. Here, we simulate global and regional responses to alkalinity (ALK) addition (0.25 PmolALK yr−1) over the period 2020–2100 using the CSIRO-Mk3L-COAL Earth System Model, under high (Representative Concentration Pathway 8.5; RCP8.5) and low (RCP2.6) emissions. While regionally there are large changes in alkalinity associated with locations of AOA, globally we see only a very weak dependence on where and when AOA is applied. On a global scale, while we see that under RCP2.6 the carbon uptake associated with AOA is only ∼ 60 % of the total, under RCP8.5 the relative changes in temperature are larger, as are the changes in pH (140 %) and aragonite saturation state (170 %). The simulations reveal AOA is more effective under lower emissions, therefore the higher the emissions the more AOA is required to achieve the same reduction in global warming and ocean acidification. Finally, our simulated AOA for 2020–2100 in the RCP2.6 scenario is capable of offsetting warming and ameliorating ocean acidification increases at the global scale, but with highly variable regional responses.
OceanRep arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2018Data sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/esd-9-339-2018&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu35 citations 35 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert OceanRep arrow_drop_down University of East Anglia digital repositoryArticle . 2018Data sources: University of East Anglia digital repositoryadd ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.5194/esd-9-339-2018&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2021 ItalyNational Documentation Centre (EKT) Alan Deidun; Monica Previati; Alessio Marrone; Adam Gauci; Audrey Zammit; Raisa Tarasova; Anthony Galea; Johann Galdies; Simonetta Fraschetti; Aldo Drago;doi: 10.12681/mms.26623
The genus Pinna includes two species in the Mediterranean Sea: Pinna nobilis and Pinna rudis. Both these species are under threat from multiple stressors. Pinna nobilis, in particular, has been exhibiting mass mortality events (MMEs) since 2016. The population and distribution of these species have never been comprehensively explored in the Maltese archipelago, and in this work, we collate information collected between 2006 and 2019 through a number of SCUBA underwater visual census monitoring programs. The logistical barriers surrounding SCUBA-based sampling techniques and the low-density distribution of these species constitute significant obstacles to an extensive conventional population assessment. Citizen science was thus also deployed in this study to supplement the data collected through SCUBA surveys: recreational SCUBA divers worked as citizen scientists, providing data on the distribution of these two endangered species from areas never explored before. This information can be used for assessing the conservation status of P. nobilis and P. rudis in Maltese waters, whilst contributing to the next generation of ocean-literate citizens.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.12681/mms.26623&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
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description Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2011 ItalyCoastal Education and Research Foundation Olga Mangoni; Francesca Margiotta; Maria Saggiomo; Immacolata Santarpia; Giorgio Budillon; Vincenzo Saggiomo;doi: 10.2112/si_58_7
Phytoplankton assemblages were studied to characterize the trophic status of the semienclosed Vlora Bay (Albania) and to evaluate the influence of terrestrial inputs on its pelagic ecosystem. The study was carried out as part of the European Project CISM (INTERREG IIIA Italy–Albania) and conducted during two oceanographic cruises (spring 2007, winter 2008). The size-fractionated chlorophyll a concentrations, primary production rates, and the chemotaxonomic composition (high-performance liquid chromatography) of the phytoplankton assemblages were measured. The spatial variability of primary production rates and chlorophyll a concentrations both showed a pronounced E-W gradient in the surface layer, with the highest values along the eastern coast. In spring, a deep chlorophyll maximum was observed in the central western part of the bay, whereas in winter a homogeneous vertical distribution was observed. The phytoplankton assemblages were quite similar in both seasons and were dominated by the picophytoplankton fraction (<46% and 53% in spring and in winter, respectively). Haptophytes and pelagophytes were the major phytoplankton groups, and accounted, respectively, for 50% and 15% in spring, and 40% and 25% in winter. The results showed that Vlora Bay was characterized by generally oligotrophic conditions and that the influence of the southern Adriatic open waters was negligible. The trophic characteristics of the pelagic ecosystem of the bay were essentially driven by terrestrial inputs.
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2112/si_58_7&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu6 citations 6 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.2112/si_58_7&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Other literature type 2018 EnglishGroße, Fabian; Greenwood, Naomi; Kreus, Markus; Lenhart, Hermann-Josef; Machoczek, Detlev; Pätsch, Johannes; Salt, Lesley; Thomas, Helmuth;Low oxygen conditions, often referred to as oxygen deficiency, occur regularly in the North Sea, a temperate European shelf sea. Stratification represents a major process regulating the seasonal dynamics of bottom oxygen, yet, lowest oxygen conditions in the North Sea do not occur in the regions of strongest stratification. This suggests that stratification is an important prerequisite for oxygen deficiency, but that the complex interaction between hydrodynamics and the biological processes drives its evolution. In this study we use the ecosystem model HAMSOM-ECOHAM to provide a general characterisation of the different zones of the North Sea with respect to oxygen, and to quantify the impact of the different physical and biological factors driving the oxygen dynamics inside the entire sub-thermocline volume and directly above the bottom. With respect to oxygen dynamics, the North Sea can be subdivided into three different zones: (1) a highly productive, non-stratified coastal zone, (2) a productive, seasonally stratified zone with a small sub-thermocline volume, and (3) a productive, seasonally stratified zone with a large sub-thermocline volume. Type 2 reveals the highest susceptibility to oxygen deficiency due to sufficiently long stratification periods (> 60 days) accompanied by high surface productivity resulting in high biological consumption, and a small sub-thermocline volume implying both a small initial oxygen inventory and a strong influence of the biological consumption on the oxygen concentration. Year-to-year variations in the oxygen conditions are caused by variations in primary production, while spatial differences can be attributed to differences in stratification and water depth. The large sub-thermocline volume dominates the oxygen dynamics in the northern central and northern North Sea and makes this region insusceptible to oxygen deficiency. In the southern North Sea the strong tidal mixing inhibits the development of seasonal stratification which protects this area from the evolution of low oxygen conditions. In contrast, the southern central North Sea is highly susceptible to low oxygen conditions (type 2). We furthermore show that benthic diagenetic processes represent the main oxygen consumers in the bottom layer, consistently accounting for more than 50 % of the overall consumption. Thus, primary production followed by remineralisation of organic matter under stratified conditions constitutes the main driver for the evolution of oxygen deficiency in the southern central North Sea. By providing these valuable insights, we show that ecosystem models can be a useful tool for the interpretation of observations and the estimation of the impact of anthropogenic drivers on the North Sea oxygen conditions.
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu0 citations 0 popularity Average influence Average impulse Average Powered by BIP!
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For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article , Other literature type 2001 ItalyOxford University Press (OUP) Authors: Chiara Zurzolo; Chris Bowler;Chiara Zurzolo; Chris Bowler;The world's oceans cover 70% of the surface of our planet. The photosynthetic organisms living within its photic zone are responsible for about one-half of global primary productivity. The most successful organisms are thought to be photosynthetic prokaryotes (cyanobacteria and prochlorophytes) and
add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1104/pp.010709&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eu55 citations 55 popularity Top 10% influence Top 10% impulse Top 10% Powered by BIP!
more_vert add ClaimPlease grant OpenAIRE to access and update your ORCID works.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.
You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.All Research productsarrow_drop_down <script type="text/javascript"> <!-- document.write('<div id="oa_widget"></div>'); document.write('<script type="text/javascript" src="https://www.openaire.eu/index.php?option=com_openaire&view=widget&format=raw&projectId=10.1104/pp.010709&type=result"></script>'); --> </script>
For further information contact us at helpdesk@openaire.eudescription Publicationkeyboard_double_arrow_right Article 2016 Brazil, Australia, United KingdomThe Royal Society William J. Ripple; Katharine Abernethy; Matthew G. Betts; Guillaume Chapron; Rodolfo Dirzo; Mauro Galetti; Taal Levi; Peter A. Lindsey; David W. Macdonald; Brian Machovina; Thomas M. Newsome; Carlos A. Peres; Arian D. Wallach; Christopher Wolf; Hillary S. Young;Made available in DSpace on 2018-12-11T17:29:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2016-10-19 Terrestrial mammals are experiencing a massive collapse in their population sizes and geographical ranges around the world, but many of the drivers, patterns and consequences of this decline remain poorly understood. Here we provide an analysis showing that bushmeat hunting for mostly food and medicinal products is driving a global crisis whereby 301 terrestrial mammal species are threatened with extinction. Nearly all of these threatened species occur in developing countries where major coexisting threats include deforestation, agricultural expansion, human encroachment and competition with livestock. The unrelenting decline of mammals suggests many vital ecological and socio-economic services that these species provide will be lost, potentially changing ecosystems irrevocably. We discuss options and current obstacles to achieving effective conservation, alongside consequences of failure to stem such anthropogenic mammalian extirpation. We propose a multipronged conservation strategy to help save threatened mammals from immediate extinction and avoid a collapse of food security for hundreds of millions of people. GlobalTrophic Cascades Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Forest Biodiversity Research Network Department of Forest Ecosystems and Society Oregon State University Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Oregon State University School of Natural Sciences University of Stirling Institut de Recherche en Ecologie Tropicale CENAREST Grims�Wildlife Research Station Department of Ecology Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Department of Biology Stanford University Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto Bioci�ncias Departamento de Ecologia Department of Bioscience Ecoinformatics and Biodiversity Aarhus University Panthera, 8 West 40th Street, 18th Floor Mammal Research Institute Department of Zoology and Entomology University of Pretoria Wildlife Conservation Research Unit Department of Zoology University of Oxford The Recanati-Kaplan Centre, Tubney House Department of Biological Sciences Florida International University School of Life and Environmental Sciences Centre for Integrative Ecology Deakin University, Burwood campus School of Life and Environmental Sciences The University of Sydney School of Environmental and Forest Sciences University of Washington School of Environmental Sciences University of East Anglia Centre for Compassionate Conservation School of Life Sciences University of Technology Sydney, PO Box 123 Broadway Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) Instituto Bioci�ncias Departamento de Ecologia