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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jiarui Liu; André Pellerin; Gilad Antler; Gareth Izon; +6 Authors

    Sediment-hosted marine sulfur cycling has played a significant role in regulating Earth's surface chemistry over our planet's history. Microbially-mediated reactions involving sulfur are often accompanied by sulfur isotope fractionation that, in turn, is captured by sulfate and sulfide minerals, providing the opportunity to track changes in the microbial utilization of sulfur and thus the marine sulfur cycle. Studying sulfur diagenesis within the Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea, we explore the interplay between carbon, sulfur and iron, focusing on the fate of sulfur and the dynamics of the sulfur and oxygen isotopic response as a function of the varying thickness of the organic carbon-rich Holocene Mud Layer (HML) across the basin. Using a one-dimensional reaction-transport model, porewater sulfate and sulfide profiles were used to calculate net sulfate reduction rates (SRR) and net sulfide production rates, respectively. These calculations suggest a positive relationship between the thickness of the HML and net rates of sulfate reduction and sulfide production. Given that ascending sulfide is enriched in 34S relative to that produced in-situ, a heightened sulfide flux promotes spatially variable precipitation of 34S-enriched pyrite (δ34S ≈ −10‰) close to the sediment–water interface. Modeling results indicate that this isotopically “heavy” sulfide is formed as a consequence of mixing between ascending sulfide (up to +6.3‰) and that produced in-situ (ca. −40‰). Further, we show that the sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of porewater sulfate is controlled by the net SRR: when the net SRR is high (i.e., in sulfide-replete settings) the downcore increase in δ18OSO4 is dampened relative to increase in δ34SSO4, whereas when net SRR is low (i.e., in iron-rich parts of the basin) downcore δ18OSO4 values increase while δ34SSO4 values remain invariant. We conclude that sedimentation rates and open system diffusion strongly influence the distribution of sulfur species and their sulfur isotopic composition, as well as the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate, through the interaction between iron, sulfur and methane. This work highlights the importance of considering diffusion to better understand open system diagenesis and the δ34S signatures of sulfate and sulfide in both modern settings and ancient rocks.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Geochimica et Cosmoc...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Martine Lizotte; Bennet Juhls; Atsushi Matsuoka; Philippe Massicotte; +43 Authors

    Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change in the Arctic are expected to modify the distribution and dynamics of carbon contained in perennially frozen grounds. Thawing of permafrost in the Mackenzie Delta region of northwestern Canada, coupled with increases in river discharge and coastal erosion, trigger the release of terrestrial organic matter (OMt) from the largest Arctic drainage basin in North America into the Arctic Ocean. While this process is ongoing, well-established, and its rate is accelerating, the fate of the newly-mobilized organic matter, as it transits from the watershed through the delta and into the marine system, remains poorly understood. In the framework of the European Horizon 2020 Nunataryuk programme, and as part of the Work Package 4 (WP4) Coastal Waters theme, four field expeditions were conducted in the Mackenzie Delta region and southern Beaufort Sea from April to September 2019. The temporal sampling design allowed the survey of ambient conditions in the coastal waters under full ice cover prior to the spring freshet, during ice break-up in summer, as well as anterior to the freeze-up period in fall. To capture the fluvial-marine transition zone, and with distinct challenges related to shallow waters and changing seasonal and meteorological conditions, the field sampling was conducted in close partnership with members of the communities of Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk, using several platforms: helicopters, snowmobiles and small boats. Water column profiles of physical and optical variables were measured in situ, while surface water, groundwater and sediment samples were collected and preserved for the determination of the composition and sources of OMt, including particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC, DOC), and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), as well as a suite of physical, chemical and biological variables. Here we present an overview of the standardized datasets, including hydrographic profiles, remote sensing reflectance, temperature and salinity, particle absorption, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, colored dissolved organic matter absorption, fluorescent dissolved organic matter intensity, suspended particulate matter, total particulate carbon, total particulate nitrogen, stable water isotopes, radon in water, bacterial abundance, and a string of phytoplankton pigments including total chlorophyll. Datasets and related metadata can be found in Juhls et al. 2021. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.937587.

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    Earth System Science Data
    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Earth System Science...arrow_drop_down
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      Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
      Other literature type . 2022
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Richard Karban; Kaori Shiojiri; Satomi Ishizaki; William C. Wetzel; +1 Authors

    The ability of many animals to recognize kin has allowed them to evolve diverse cooperative behaviours; such ability is less well studied for plants. Many plants, including Artemisia tridentata , have been found to respond to volatile cues emitted by experimentally wounded neighbours to increase levels of resistance to herbivory. We report that this communication was more effective among A. tridentata plants that were more closely related based on microsatellite markers. Plants in the field that received cues from experimentally clipped close relatives experienced less leaf herbivory over the growing season than those that received cues from clipped neighbours that were more distantly related. These results indicate that plants can respond differently to cues from kin, making it less likely that emitters will aid strangers and making it more likely that receivers will respond to cues from relatives. More effective defence adds to a growing list of favourable consequences of kin recognition for plants.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ eScholarship - Unive...arrow_drop_down
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2013
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ eScholarship - Unive...arrow_drop_down
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2013
      Data sources: PubMed Central
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Peiyu Cao; Chaoqun Lu; Zhen Yu;

    A tremendous amount of anthropogenic nitrogen (N) fertilizer has been applied to agricultural lands to promote crop production in the US since the 1850s. However, inappropriate N management practices have caused numerous ecological and environmental problems which are difficult to quantify due to the paucity of spatially explicit time-series fertilizer use maps. Understanding and assessing N fertilizer management history could provide important implications for enhancing N use efficiency and reducing N loss. In this study, we therefore developed long-term gridded maps to depict crop-specific N fertilizer use rates, application timing, and the fractions of ammonium N (NH4+-N) and nitrate N (NO3−-N) used across the contiguous US at a resolution of 5 km × 5 km during the period from 1850 to 2015. We found that N use rates in the US increased from 0.22 g N m−2 yr−1 in 1940 to 9.04 g N m−2 yr−1 in 2015. Geospatial analysis revealed that hotspots for N fertilizer use have shifted from the southeastern and eastern US to the Midwest, the Great Plains, and the Northwest over the past century. Specifically, corn in the Corn Belt region received the most intensive N input in spring, followed by the application of a large amount of N in fall, implying a high N loss risk in this region. Moreover, spatial-temporal fraction of NH4+-N and NO3−-N varied largely among regions. Generally, farmers have increasingly favored ammonia N fertilizers over nitrate N fertilizers since the 1940s. The N fertilizer use data developed in this study could serve as an essential input for modeling communities to fully assess N addition impacts, and improve N management to alleviate environmental problems. Datasets used in this study are available at https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.883585.

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    Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
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    Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
    Other literature type . 2018
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      Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
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      Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
      Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: Nicolas Puillandre; Maria Vittoria Modica; Y. Zhang; Lawrence Sirovich; +4 Authors

    AbstractAccelerating the description of biodiversity is a major challenge as extinction rates increase. Integrative taxonomy combining molecular, morphological, ecological and geographical data is seen as the best route to reliably identify species. Classic molluscan taxonomic methodology proposes primary species hypotheses (PSHs) based on shell morphology. However, in hyperdiverse groups, such as the molluscan family Turridae, where most of the species remain unknown and for which homoplasy and plasticity of morphological characters is common, shell‐based PSHs can be arduous. A four‐pronged approach was employed to generate robust species hypotheses of a 1000 specimen South‐West Pacific Turridae data set in which: (i) analysis of COI DNA Barcode gene is coupled with (ii) species delimitation tools GMYC (General Mixed Yule Coalescence Method) and ABGD (Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery) to propose PSHs that are then (iii) visualized using Klee diagrams and (iv) evaluated with additional evidence, such as nuclear gene rRNA 28S, morphological characters, geographical and bathymetrical distribution to determine conclusive secondary species hypotheses (SSHs). The integrative taxonomy approach applied identified 87 Turridae species, more than doubling the amount previously known in the Gemmula genus. In contrast to a predominantly shell‐based morphological approach, which over the last 30 years proposed only 13 new species names for the Turridae genus Gemmula, the integrative approach described here identified 27 novel species hypotheses not linked to available species names in the literature. The formalized strategy applied here outlines an effective and reproducible protocol for large‐scale species delimitation of hyperdiverse groups.

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    Molecular Ecology
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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 2012
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    HAL-CEA
    Article . 2012
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      Molecular Ecology
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      Horizon / Pleins textes
      Other literature type . 2012
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      Article . 2012
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Benjamin S. Linhoff; Mathew A. Charette; Jemma L. Wadham;

    Abstract Glaciated watersheds are regions of intense physical and chemical weathering. In order to gain new insight on subglacial weathering processes, we measured uranium and radium isotopes from a proglacial river draining the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Time series samples were collected from the spring to mid-summer, a time period during which subglacial drainage pathways are thought to transition from slow-inefficient (distributed) to fast-efficient (channelized) systems. The 228Ra/226Ra activity ratio of the dissolved load varied from 5.2 ± 0.9–16.9 ± 3.6, which was significantly higher than the 228Ra/226Ra ratio of a suspended sediment load sample of 2.1 ± 0.07 and crustal values of ~1. The high 228Ra/226Ra in the dissolved load relative to the source rock material is indicative of mineral surface weathering induced by rapid and continuous flushing of the subglacial drainage network during the course of the melt season and those prior. The 234U/238U ratio (δ234U) varied between 33 and 106‰ with a discharge-weighted mean of 67‰; the seasonal evolution of δ234U did not correlate to geochemical indicators of subglacial meltwater storage time. An experiment designed to measure changes in δ234U with increasing meltwater storage times found that δ234U in the dissolved phase decreased rapidly with increasing storage time. Similarly, samples collected along a transect moving downstream from the ice sheet terminus had decreasing δ234U values from 63 to 15‰ further indicating that with increased weathering, the δ234U of meltwater decreases. Coupled with the relatively low δ234U and high 228Ra/226Ra, U appears to be impacted by rapid chemical weathering of subglacial and suspended sediments. The Leverett River discharge weighted U concentration was 0.13 nM; if this system is considered representative of the broader GrIS, then the total dissolved U flux from the GrIS would be on the order of 6.4 × 104 mol/y. Using a similar set of assumptions, the dissolved 228Ra and 226Ra flux from the GrIS was ~1.1 × 1014 dpm/y and ~ 5.5 × 1013 dpm/y, respectively. These estimates suggest that the 226Ra flux to the ocean from the GrIS is globally significant and that the 228Ra flux in particular is larger than most river inputs.

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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Marta Ślubowska-Woldengen; Nalân Koç; Tine Lander Rasmussen; Dorthe Klitgaard-Kristensen; +2 Authors

    Abstract Ocean circulation changes along the continental shelf of the Nordic and Barents Seas have been investigated in order to reconstruct regional changes in the inflow of Atlantic Water (AW) through the last 16,000 calibrated (cal) years (yr) B.P. We have selected five time-slices representing the late glacial (16,000–15,000 cal yr B.P.), the Bolling-Allerod warm interstadials (14,500–13,500 cal yr B.P.), the Younger Dryas cold stadial (12,500–11,500 cal yr B.P.), the early Holocene (9500–7500 cal yr B.P.) and the late Holocene (4000–2000 cal yr B.P.). Twelve previously published records of the distribution of benthic foraminifera faunas and ice-rafted debris have been compiled. The earliest sign of Atlantic Water inflow was recorded at the northern Iceland shelf at 16,000–15,000 cal yr B.P. The inflow of warm AW to the Nordic Seas shelf has been persistent since, but with variable strength and geographic pattern. An apparent zonal seesaw pattern in the strength of the Norwegian Atlantic Current (NwAC) and the Irminger Current (IC) during the late glacial, Bolling-Allerod and Younger Dryas periods was found. During the Holocene, no zonal differences in the inflows of NwAC and IC were found. A strong meridional gradient with warmer conditions at lower latitudes and relatively cold conditions at high northern latitudes existed.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Quaternary Science R...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Daniel J. Thornhill; Allison M. Lewis; Drew C. Wham; Todd C. LaJeunesse;

    Bursts in species diversification are well documented among animals and plants, yet few studies have assessed recent adaptive radiations of eukaryotic microbes. Consequently, we examined the radiation of the most ecologically dominant group of endosymbiotic dinoflagellates found in reef-building corals, Symbiodinium Clade C, using nuclear ribosomal (ITS2), chloroplast (psbA(ncr)), and multilocus microsatellite genotyping. Through a hierarchical analysis of high-resolution genetic data, we assessed whether ecologically distinct Symbiodinium, differentiated by seemingly equivocal rDNA sequence differences, are independent species lineages. We also considered the role of host specificity in Symbiodinium speciation and the correspondence between endosymbiont diversification and Caribbean paleo-history. According to phylogenetic, biological, and ecological species concepts, Symbiodinium Clade C comprises many distinct species. Although regional factors contributed to population-genetic structuring of these lineages, Symbiodinium diversification was mainly driven by host specialization. By combining patterns of the endosymbiont's host specificity, water depth distribution, and phylogeography with paleo-historical signals of climate change, we inferred that present-day species diversity on Atlantic coral reefs stemmed mostly from a post-Miocene adaptive radiation. Host-generalist progenitors spread, specialized, and diversified during the ensuing epochs of prolonged global cooling and change in reef-faunal assemblages. Our evolutionary reconstruction thus suggests that Symbiodinium undergoes "boom and bust" phases in diversification and extinction during major climate shifts.

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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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    Authors: Lawrence J. Poppe; Dennis W. O'Leary; R.F. Commeau;

    Ferromanganese coatings have been found on glacial erratics in Lydonia Canyon, off the United States northeastern coast. The coatings, which are about 17 μm thick, consist of an outer manganese-rich layer which covers the top of the erratic, a middle transitional layer, and an internal iron-rich layer that encircles the entire surface of the erratic. Chemical analyses of the coatings, when compared with similar data on abyssal marine ferromanganese deposits, reveal comparable Mn/Fe ratios, higher P and Ti concentrations, and an order of magnitude less of Co, Ni, Cu, and most other metals. A comparison of the Lydonia Canyon coatings with desert varnishes reveals obvious chemical, mineralogical, and morphological differences.

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    Authors: Peter C. Rockers; Arianna Zanolini; Bowen Banda; Mwaba Moono Chipili; +3 Authors

    Background Early childhood interventions have potential to offset the negative impact of early adversity. We evaluated the impact of a community-based parenting group intervention on child development in Zambia. Methods and findings We conducted a non-masked cluster-randomized controlled trial in Southern Province, Zambia. Thirty clusters of villages were matched based on population density and distance from the nearest health center, and randomly assigned to intervention (15 clusters, 268 caregiver–child dyads) or control (15 clusters, 258 caregiver–child dyads). Caregivers were eligible if they had a child 6 to 12 months old at baseline. In intervention clusters, caregivers were visited twice per month during the first year of the study by child development agents (CDAs) and were invited to attend fortnightly parenting group meetings. Parenting groups selected “head mothers” from their communities who were trained by CDAs to facilitate meetings and deliver a diverse parenting curriculum. The parenting group intervention, originally designed to run for 1 year, was extended, and households were visited for a follow-up assessment at the end of year 2. The control group did not receive any intervention. Intention-to-treat analysis was performed for primary outcomes measured at the year 2 follow-up: stunting and 5 domains of neurocognitive development measured using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development–Third Edition (BSID-III). In order to show Cohen’s d estimates, BSID-III composite scores were converted to z-scores by standardizing within the study population. In all, 195/268 children (73%) in the intervention group and 182/258 children (71%) in the control group were assessed at endline after 2 years. The intervention significantly reduced stunting (56/195 versus 72/182; adjusted odds ratio 0.45, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.92; p = 0.028) and had a significant positive impact on language (β 0.14, 95% CI 0.01 to 0.27; p = 0.039). The intervention did not significantly impact cognition (β 0.11, 95% CI −0.06 to 0.29; p = 0.196), motor skills (β −0.01, 95% CI −0.25 to 0.24; p = 0.964), adaptive behavior (β 0.21, 95% CI −0.03 to 0.44; p = 0.088), or social-emotional development (β 0.20, 95% CI −0.04 to 0.44; p = 0.098). Observed impacts may have been due in part to home visits by CDAs during the first year of the intervention. Conclusions The results of this trial suggest that parenting groups hold promise for improving child development, particularly physical growth, in low-resource settings like Zambia. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02234726

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    PLoS Medicine
    Article . 2018
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    edoc
    Article . 2018
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    https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas...
    Other literature type . 2018
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      PLoS Medicine
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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      PLoS Medicine
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      License: cc-by
      Data sources: UnpayWall
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      edoc
      Article . 2018
      Data sources: edoc
      https://doi.org/10.5451/unibas...
      Other literature type . 2018
      Data sources: Datacite
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    Authors: Jiarui Liu; André Pellerin; Gilad Antler; Gareth Izon; +6 Authors

    Sediment-hosted marine sulfur cycling has played a significant role in regulating Earth's surface chemistry over our planet's history. Microbially-mediated reactions involving sulfur are often accompanied by sulfur isotope fractionation that, in turn, is captured by sulfate and sulfide minerals, providing the opportunity to track changes in the microbial utilization of sulfur and thus the marine sulfur cycle. Studying sulfur diagenesis within the Bornholm Basin, Baltic Sea, we explore the interplay between carbon, sulfur and iron, focusing on the fate of sulfur and the dynamics of the sulfur and oxygen isotopic response as a function of the varying thickness of the organic carbon-rich Holocene Mud Layer (HML) across the basin. Using a one-dimensional reaction-transport model, porewater sulfate and sulfide profiles were used to calculate net sulfate reduction rates (SRR) and net sulfide production rates, respectively. These calculations suggest a positive relationship between the thickness of the HML and net rates of sulfate reduction and sulfide production. Given that ascending sulfide is enriched in 34S relative to that produced in-situ, a heightened sulfide flux promotes spatially variable precipitation of 34S-enriched pyrite (δ34S ≈ −10‰) close to the sediment–water interface. Modeling results indicate that this isotopically “heavy” sulfide is formed as a consequence of mixing between ascending sulfide (up to +6.3‰) and that produced in-situ (ca. −40‰). Further, we show that the sulfur and oxygen isotopic composition of porewater sulfate is controlled by the net SRR: when the net SRR is high (i.e., in sulfide-replete settings) the downcore increase in δ18OSO4 is dampened relative to increase in δ34SSO4, whereas when net SRR is low (i.e., in iron-rich parts of the basin) downcore δ18OSO4 values increase while δ34SSO4 values remain invariant. We conclude that sedimentation rates and open system diffusion strongly influence the distribution of sulfur species and their sulfur isotopic composition, as well as the oxygen isotopic composition of sulfate, through the interaction between iron, sulfur and methane. This work highlights the importance of considering diffusion to better understand open system diagenesis and the δ34S signatures of sulfate and sulfide in both modern settings and ancient rocks.

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    Authors: Martine Lizotte; Bennet Juhls; Atsushi Matsuoka; Philippe Massicotte; +43 Authors

    Climate warming and related drivers of soil thermal change in the Arctic are expected to modify the distribution and dynamics of carbon contained in perennially frozen grounds. Thawing of permafrost in the Mackenzie Delta region of northwestern Canada, coupled with increases in river discharge and coastal erosion, trigger the release of terrestrial organic matter (OMt) from the largest Arctic drainage basin in North America into the Arctic Ocean. While this process is ongoing, well-established, and its rate is accelerating, the fate of the newly-mobilized organic matter, as it transits from the watershed through the delta and into the marine system, remains poorly understood. In the framework of the European Horizon 2020 Nunataryuk programme, and as part of the Work Package 4 (WP4) Coastal Waters theme, four field expeditions were conducted in the Mackenzie Delta region and southern Beaufort Sea from April to September 2019. The temporal sampling design allowed the survey of ambient conditions in the coastal waters under full ice cover prior to the spring freshet, during ice break-up in summer, as well as anterior to the freeze-up period in fall. To capture the fluvial-marine transition zone, and with distinct challenges related to shallow waters and changing seasonal and meteorological conditions, the field sampling was conducted in close partnership with members of the communities of Aklavik, Inuvik and Tuktoyaktuk, using several platforms: helicopters, snowmobiles and small boats. Water column profiles of physical and optical variables were measured in situ, while surface water, groundwater and sediment samples were collected and preserved for the determination of the composition and sources of OMt, including particulate and dissolved organic carbon (POC, DOC), and chromophoric dissolved organic matter (CDOM), as well as a suite of physical, chemical and biological variables. Here we present an overview of the standardized datasets, including hydrographic profiles, remote sensing reflectance, temperature and salinity, particle absorption, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, particulate organic carbon, particulate organic nitrogen, colored dissolved organic matter absorption, fluorescent dissolved organic matter intensity, suspended particulate matter, total particulate carbon, total particulate nitrogen, stable water isotopes, radon in water, bacterial abundance, and a string of phytoplankton pigments including total chlorophyll. Datasets and related metadata can be found in Juhls et al. 2021. https://doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.937587.

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    Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
    Other literature type . 2023
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    Earth System Science Data
    Article . 2023
    Data sources: NARCIS
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    Other literature type . 2022
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      Earth System Science Data (ESSD)
      Other literature type . 2023
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      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Richard Karban; Kaori Shiojiri; Satomi Ishizaki; William C. Wetzel; +1 Authors