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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ines Galtier d'Auriac; Robert A. Quinn; Heather Maughan; Louis-Félix Nothias; +12 Authors

    Corals and humans represent two extremely disparate metazoan lineages and are therefore useful for comparative evolutionary studies. Two lipid-based molecules that are central to human immunity, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and Lyso-PAF were recently identified in scleractinian corals. To identify processes in corals that involve these molecules, PAF and Lyso-PAF biosynthesis was quantified in conditions known to stimulate PAF production in mammals (tissue growth and exposure to elevated levels of ultraviolet light) and in conditions unique to corals (competing with neighbouring colonies over benthic space). Similar to observations in mammals, PAF production was higher in regions of active tissue growth and increased when corals were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet light. PAF production also increased when corals were attacked by the stinging cells of a neighbouring colony, though only the attacked coral exhibited an increase in PAF. This reaction was observed in adjacent areas of the colony, indicating that this response is coordinated across multiple polyps including those not directly subject to the stress. PAF and Lyso-PAF are involved in coral stress responses that are both shared with mammals and unique to the ecology of cnidarians.

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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: De Casamajor, Marie-noelle; Sartoretto, Stephane; Gouillieux, Benoît; Saint Germain, Annaëlle; +4 Authors

    Ce rapport présente un bilan des résultats obtenus à partir des données récoltées au cours des projets Circareef et Circatax sur les habitats circalittoraux d’intérêt de la zone N2000 « côte basque rocheuse et extension au large ». Ces résultats montrent un intérêt écologique et biogéographique remarquable des sites prospectés avec des habitats abritant une biodiversité originale non connue. L’analyse des prélèvements réalisés et l’identification des taxons présents confortent ces observations. En parallèle, les résultats d’un indice basé sur une approche écosystémique Ecosystem-Based Quality Index (EBQI) sont présentés. à partir de ce bilan, des orientations sont déterminées pour approfondir la connaissance de ces habitats remarquables dans le contexte des directives européennes de conservation. This report presents the results obtained from the data collected during the Circareef and Circatax projects on the circalittoral habitats of interest in the N2000 zone "rocky Basque coast and offshore extension". These results show a remarkable ecological and biogeographical interest of the prospected sites with habitats sheltering an unknown original biodiversity. The analysis of the samples taken and the identification of the taxa collected confirm these observations. In parallel, calculations of an index based on an Ecosystem-Based Quality Index (EBQI) ecosystem approach are presented. From this report, orientations are determined to improve the knowledge of these remarkable habitats in the context of European directives of conservation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ ArchiMer - Instituti...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Eva S. Horna Lowell; Julie A. Morris; Mayra C. Vidal; Catherine Durso; +1 Authors

    International audience; AbstractForaging honey bees (Apis mellifera) seem to use the presence of conspecific foragers as cues for flower quality. However, there is disagreement regarding how a conspecific cue is perceived by other foragers (enhancement or inhibition). Most studies manipulate the total number of bees foraging in an arena or the presence or absence of a bee on a flower and then observe the behavior of one forager in response to a single conspecific, which does not reflect natural foraging. We tested how a range of conspecifics on flowers affected on which flowers foraging honey bees landed. We trained students from a biology class for non-STEM majors to collect data and tested whether the number of conspecifics on flowers influences on which flower foragers land. We found that foragers land more frequently on flowers occupied by more conspecifics, which supports the hypothesis that conspecifics are cues for local enhancement. Our results increase our understanding of how honey bees forage once at a flower patch.

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    Apidologie
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Apidologie
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Apidologiearrow_drop_down
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      Apidologie
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Apidologie
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mengqi Wang; Qichao Tu; Qichao Tu; Qichao Tu; +1 Authors

    Microorganisms do not exist as individual population in the environment. Rather, they form complex assemblages that perform essential ecosystem functions and maintain ecosystem stability. Besides the diversity and composition of microbial communities, deciphering their potential interactions in the form of association networks has attracted many microbiologists and ecologists. Much effort has been made toward the methodological development for constructing microbial association networks. However, microbial profiles suffer dramatically from zero values, which hamper accurate association network construction. In this study, we investigated the effects of zero-value issues associated with microbial association network construction. Using the TARA Oceans microbial profile as an example, different zero-value-treatment approaches were comparatively investigated using different correlation methods. The results suggested dramatic variations of correlation coefficient values for differently treated microbial profiles. Most specifically, correlation coefficients among less frequent microbial taxa were more affected, whichever method was used. Negative correlation coefficients were more problematic and sensitive to network construction, as many of them were inferred from low-overlapped microbial taxa. Consequently, microbial association networks were greatly differed. Among various approaches, we recommend sequential calculation of correlation coefficients for microbial taxa pairs by excluding paired zero values. Filling missing values with pseudo-values is not recommended. As microbial association network analyses have become a widely used technique in the field of microbial ecology and environmental science, we urge cautions be made to critically consider the zero-value issues in microbial data.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Microbi...arrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Microbiology
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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    Frontiers in Microbiology
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Microbi...arrow_drop_down
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      Frontiers in Microbiology
      Article . 2022
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      Frontiers in Microbiology
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jeffrey A. Hawkes; Pamela E. Rossel; Aron Stubbins; David A. Butterfield; +7 Authors

    Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important carbon pool, similar in magnitude to atmospheric CO2, but the fate of its oldest forms is not well understood1, 2. Hot hydrothermal circulation may facilitate the degradation of otherwise un-reactive dissolved organic matter, playing an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle. The oldest, most recalcitrant forms of DOC, which make up most of oceanic DOC, can be recovered by solid-phase extraction. Here we present measurements of solid-phase extractable DOC from samples collected between 2009 and 2013 at seven vent sites in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans, along with magnesium concentrations, a conservative tracer of water circulation through hydrothermal systems. We find that magnesium and solid-phase extractable DOC concentrations are correlated, suggesting that solid-phase extractable DOC is almost entirely lost from solution through mineralization or deposition during circulation through hydrothermal vents with fluid temperatures of 212–401 °C. In laboratory experiments, where we heated samples to 380 °C for four days, we found a similar removal efficiency. We conclude that thermal degradation alone can account for the loss of solid-phase extractable DOC in natural hydrothermal systems, and that its maximum lifetime is constrained by the timescale of hydrothermal cycling, at about 40 million years3.

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      Nature Geoscience
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    Authors: Ifremer, ODE/VIGIES;

    Les Journées du Réseau d'Observation et de Surveillance du Phytoplancton et des Phycotoxines (REPHY-REPHYTOX) mis en oeuvre par l’Ifremer sont un moment privilégié pour échanger et améliorer nos connaissances sur les domaines qui ont trait à l’observation du phytoplancton, au contexte hydrologique et à la thématique des phycotoxines. Ouvertes à toute personne intéressée par ces thématiques, les 2 journées ont rassemblé près de 145 participants, des scientifiques, biologistes, chimistes, économistes, des gestionnaires, des opérateurs de terrain, des professionnels, issus de structures variées, notamment de centres techniques, bureaux d’études, représentants des professionnels de la conchyliculture et de la pêche, Directions Départementales Interministérielles, Collectivités locales, Laboratoire Départementaux, entreprises innovantes, Université de Nantes (ISOMer), représentants de la DGAL, de l’ANSES, et les services et laboratoires Ifremer tels que le service Valorisation de l'Information pour la Gestion Intégrée Et la Surveillance (VIGIES), l’unité Physiologie et toxines des microalgues toxiques et nuisibles (Phytox), les laboratoires Ecologie pélagique (DYNECO-PELAGOS), Détection, Capteurs et Mesures (DCM), et les Laboratoires Environnement Ressources (LER) de l’Unité Littoral. Une vingtaine d’exposés ont été présentés, sur des sujets très variés. La première journée était consacrée au REPHY, avec l’observation et la surveillance du phytoplancton et de l’hydrologie dans les eaux littorales, et la seconde aux réseaux REPHY et REPHYTOX, avec la surveillance des phycotoxines dans les organismes marins (notamment les coquillages destinés à la consommation humaine) et des microalgues toxiques ou nuisibles. Ces journées 2022 ont à nouveau démontré la forte interactivité et le dynamisme du réseau existant autour du suivi du phytoplancton. Le présent rapport est la compilation des diaporamas présentés durant ces journées (Partie 2), et des résumés associés (Partie 1). Seule une présentation n’y apparait pas, car certains travaux qui y sont présentés, toujours en cours, vont faire l’objet d’une publication.

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    Authors: Derolez, Valerie; Cimiterra, Nicolas;

    Dans le cadre d’OBSLAG (Observatoire des Lagunes), les résultats des diagnostics de l’état des compartiments physico-chimique et phytoplanctonique au regard de la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau (DCE) sont complétés d’évaluations de tendance des indicateurs sur les 10 masses d’eau lagunaires de l’observatoire. Ces éléments rendent compte de manière visuelle et synthétique : i) des évolutions, au sein d’une période de diagnostic (6 étés), de l’état des lagunes vis-à-vis de l’eutrophisation, et ii) de l’incertitude des diagnostics tel qu’exigé par la DCE. A l’issue des trois premières périodes de diagnostic OBSLAG-eutrophisation menées depuis 2016 sur les lagunes méditerranéennes d’Occitanie, PACA et Corse, l’objectif de cette note technique est d’évaluer la robustesse des indicateurs en termes de : 1) sensibilité de l’indicateur de tendance ; 2) potentiel communicatif des indicateurs de confiance. A partir des diagnostics de l’état physico-chimique de l’eau et de l’état du phytoplancton recueillies de 2009 à 2021 (8 périodes de diagnostic de 6 années), une analyse de la concordance des tests de tendance vis-à-vis des observations des périodes suivantes est effectuée. Les résultats montrent que les tests ont une relativement bonne spécificité pour les deux éléments de qualité et une sensibilité relativement bonne pour l’eau, mais faible pour le phytoplancton. A l’issue de cette synthèse, des perspectives sont identifiées pour : i) davantage valoriser les indicateurs de confiance dans les rapports OBSLAG, afin d’apporter plus de finesse aux diagnostics et d’alerter les gestionnaires sur des phénomènes de dégradation ; ii) produire régulièrement des traitements des données à échelle temporelle longue ; iii) enrichir les observations (échantillonnage estival bi-mensuel voire saisonnier, ajout d’une métrique de composition du phytoplancton ; iv) davantage confronter les résultats des indicateurs aux pressions subies par les lagunes (pollution anthropique et fluctuations hydro-météorologiques).

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    Authors: Serais, Ophelie; Quenot, Emmanuelle; Amouroux, Isabelle; Laugier, Thierry;

    Ce rapport présente les résultats de l'étude de la qualité microbiologique et chimique de la zone n°34.02 "Bande littorale de l'embouchure de l'Aude au Grau d'Agde"menée par l'Ifremer. Les prélèvements de tellines ont été réalisés entre le 06/02/2006 au 06/11/2007 avec le concours du Comité Local des Pêches de Valras. Les résultats permettent d’estimer en B la qualité microbiologique de cette zone pour le groupe 2 selon les seuils microbiologiques définis par l’arrêté du 21 mai 1999 et par le règlement 854/2004ii. Les résultats des analyses chimiques sont compatibles avec cette estimation en B de la qualité.

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    Authors: Khripounoff, Alexis; Vangriesheim, Annick; Crassous, Philippe; Etoubleau, Joel;

    This study aimed to analyze the role river floods play in triggering gravity flows and to investigate the role of submarine canyon systems as a conduit for terrigenous material to the deep sea. Two years of measurements in the Var canyon at depths ranging from 1200 m to 2350 m indicate that six floods of the Var River triggered hyperpycnal flows, an important mechanism for transporting particulate matter to the deep-sea floor. These sediment gravity flows were characterized by a sudden increase of current velocity that lasted 8 to 22 h and by downward particle fluxes that reached up to 600 g m(-2)d(-1) of particles and 3.1 g m(-2)d(-1) in terms of organic carbon. These large inputs of sediment and organic carbon may have a significant impact on deep-sea ecosystems and carbon storage in the Mediterranean Sea.

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    Marine Geology
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      Marine Geology
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Lefebvre, A.; Poisson Caillault, Emilie;

    International audience; As we move towards shipboard-underway and automated systems for monitoring water quality and assessing ecological status, there is a need to evaluate how effective the existing monitoring systems are, and how we could improve them. Considering the existing limitations for processing numerous and complex data series generated from automated systems, and because of processes involved in phytoplankton blooms, this paper proposes a data-driven evaluation of an unsupervised classifier to optimize the way we track phytoplankton, including harmful algal blooms (HABs), and to identify the main associated hydrological conditions. We used in situ data from a portable flow-through automatic measuring system coupled with a multi-fixed-wavelength fluorometer implemented in the eastern English Channel during a bloom of Phaeocystis globosa (high biomass, non-toxic HAB species). This combination of technologies allowed high resolution online hydrographical and biological measurements, including spectral fluorescence as a means of quantifying phytoplankton biomass and simplifying the phytoplankton community structure inference. An unsupervised spectral clustering method was applied to this multi-parameter high-resolution time series, which allowed discrimination under near real-time of 6 to 33 contrasting water masses based on their abiotic and biotic characteristics. In addition, areas subject to extreme events such as HABs could be precisely identified, so controlling factors or their direct and indirect effects could be hierarchized. Considering the benefits and limitations of such a strategy, future applications of such methods will be important in the context of implementing the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.

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    Authors: Ines Galtier d'Auriac; Robert A. Quinn; Heather Maughan; Louis-Félix Nothias; +12 Authors

    Corals and humans represent two extremely disparate metazoan lineages and are therefore useful for comparative evolutionary studies. Two lipid-based molecules that are central to human immunity, platelet-activating factor (PAF) and Lyso-PAF were recently identified in scleractinian corals. To identify processes in corals that involve these molecules, PAF and Lyso-PAF biosynthesis was quantified in conditions known to stimulate PAF production in mammals (tissue growth and exposure to elevated levels of ultraviolet light) and in conditions unique to corals (competing with neighbouring colonies over benthic space). Similar to observations in mammals, PAF production was higher in regions of active tissue growth and increased when corals were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet light. PAF production also increased when corals were attacked by the stinging cells of a neighbouring colony, though only the attacked coral exhibited an increase in PAF. This reaction was observed in adjacent areas of the colony, indicating that this response is coordinated across multiple polyps including those not directly subject to the stress. PAF and Lyso-PAF are involved in coral stress responses that are both shared with mammals and unique to the ecology of cnidarians.

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    Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
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    Authors: De Casamajor, Marie-noelle; Sartoretto, Stephane; Gouillieux, Benoît; Saint Germain, Annaëlle; +4 Authors

    Ce rapport présente un bilan des résultats obtenus à partir des données récoltées au cours des projets Circareef et Circatax sur les habitats circalittoraux d’intérêt de la zone N2000 « côte basque rocheuse et extension au large ». Ces résultats montrent un intérêt écologique et biogéographique remarquable des sites prospectés avec des habitats abritant une biodiversité originale non connue. L’analyse des prélèvements réalisés et l’identification des taxons présents confortent ces observations. En parallèle, les résultats d’un indice basé sur une approche écosystémique Ecosystem-Based Quality Index (EBQI) sont présentés. à partir de ce bilan, des orientations sont déterminées pour approfondir la connaissance de ces habitats remarquables dans le contexte des directives européennes de conservation. This report presents the results obtained from the data collected during the Circareef and Circatax projects on the circalittoral habitats of interest in the N2000 zone "rocky Basque coast and offshore extension". These results show a remarkable ecological and biogeographical interest of the prospected sites with habitats sheltering an unknown original biodiversity. The analysis of the samples taken and the identification of the taxa collected confirm these observations. In parallel, calculations of an index based on an Ecosystem-Based Quality Index (EBQI) ecosystem approach are presented. From this report, orientations are determined to improve the knowledge of these remarkable habitats in the context of European directives of conservation.

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    Authors: Eva S. Horna Lowell; Julie A. Morris; Mayra C. Vidal; Catherine Durso; +1 Authors

    International audience; AbstractForaging honey bees (Apis mellifera) seem to use the presence of conspecific foragers as cues for flower quality. However, there is disagreement regarding how a conspecific cue is perceived by other foragers (enhancement or inhibition). Most studies manipulate the total number of bees foraging in an arena or the presence or absence of a bee on a flower and then observe the behavior of one forager in response to a single conspecific, which does not reflect natural foraging. We tested how a range of conspecifics on flowers affected on which flowers foraging honey bees landed. We trained students from a biology class for non-STEM majors to collect data and tested whether the number of conspecifics on flowers influences on which flower foragers land. We found that foragers land more frequently on flowers occupied by more conspecifics, which supports the hypothesis that conspecifics are cues for local enhancement. Our results increase our understanding of how honey bees forage once at a flower patch.

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    Apidologie
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Apidologie
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    Authors: Mengqi Wang; Qichao Tu; Qichao Tu; Qichao Tu; +1 Authors

    Microorganisms do not exist as individual population in the environment. Rather, they form complex assemblages that perform essential ecosystem functions and maintain ecosystem stability. Besides the diversity and composition of microbial communities, deciphering their potential interactions in the form of association networks has attracted many microbiologists and ecologists. Much effort has been made toward the methodological development for constructing microbial association networks. However, microbial profiles suffer dramatically from zero values, which hamper accurate association network construction. In this study, we investigated the effects of zero-value issues associated with microbial association network construction. Using the TARA Oceans microbial profile as an example, different zero-value-treatment approaches were comparatively investigated using different correlation methods. The results suggested dramatic variations of correlation coefficient values for differently treated microbial profiles. Most specifically, correlation coefficients among less frequent microbial taxa were more affected, whichever method was used. Negative correlation coefficients were more problematic and sensitive to network construction, as many of them were inferred from low-overlapped microbial taxa. Consequently, microbial association networks were greatly differed. Among various approaches, we recommend sequential calculation of correlation coefficients for microbial taxa pairs by excluding paired zero values. Filling missing values with pseudo-values is not recommended. As microbial association network analyses have become a widely used technique in the field of microbial ecology and environmental science, we urge cautions be made to critically consider the zero-value issues in microbial data.

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    Frontiers in Microbiology
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    Frontiers in Microbiology
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    Authors: Jeffrey A. Hawkes; Pamela E. Rossel; Aron Stubbins; David A. Butterfield; +7 Authors

    Oceanic dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is an important carbon pool, similar in magnitude to atmospheric CO2, but the fate of its oldest forms is not well understood1, 2. Hot hydrothermal circulation may facilitate the degradation of otherwise un-reactive dissolved organic matter, playing an important role in the long-term global carbon cycle. The oldest, most recalcitrant forms of DOC, which make up most of oceanic DOC, can be recovered by solid-phase extraction. Here we present measurements of solid-phase extractable DOC from samples collected between 2009 and 2013 at seven vent sites in the Atlantic, Pacific and Southern oceans, along with magnesium concentrations, a conservative tracer of water circulation through hydrothermal systems. We find that magnesium and solid-phase extractable DOC concentrations are correlated, suggesting that solid-phase extractable DOC is almost entirely lost from solution through mineralization or deposition during circulation through hydrothermal vents with fluid temperatures of 212–401 °C. In laboratory experiments, where we heated samples to 380 °C for four days, we found a similar removal efficiency. We conclude that thermal degradation alone can account for the loss of solid-phase extractable DOC in natural hydrothermal systems, and that its maximum lifetime is constrained by the timescale of hydrothermal cycling, at about 40 million years3.

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    Authors: Ifremer, ODE/VIGIES;

    Les Journées du Réseau d'Observation et de Surveillance du Phytoplancton et des Phycotoxines (REPHY-REPHYTOX) mis en oeuvre par l’Ifremer sont un moment privilégié pour échanger et améliorer nos connaissances sur les domaines qui ont trait à l’observation du phytoplancton, au contexte hydrologique et à la thématique des phycotoxines. Ouvertes à toute personne intéressée par ces thématiques, les 2 journées ont rassemblé près de 145 participants, des scientifiques, biologistes, chimistes, économistes, des gestionnaires, des opérateurs de terrain, des professionnels, issus de structures variées, notamment de centres techniques, bureaux d’études, représentants des professionnels de la conchyliculture et de la pêche, Directions Départementales Interministérielles, Collectivités locales, Laboratoire Départementaux, entreprises innovantes, Université de Nantes (ISOMer), représentants de la DGAL, de l’ANSES, et les services et laboratoires Ifremer tels que le service Valorisation de l'Information pour la Gestion Intégrée Et la Surveillance (VIGIES), l’unité Physiologie et toxines des microalgues toxiques et nuisibles (Phytox), les laboratoires Ecologie pélagique (DYNECO-PELAGOS), Détection, Capteurs et Mesures (DCM), et les Laboratoires Environnement Ressources (LER) de l’Unité Littoral. Une vingtaine d’exposés ont été présentés, sur des sujets très variés. La première journée était consacrée au REPHY, avec l’observation et la surveillance du phytoplancton et de l’hydrologie dans les eaux littorales, et la seconde aux réseaux REPHY et REPHYTOX, avec la surveillance des phycotoxines dans les organismes marins (notamment les coquillages destinés à la consommation humaine) et des microalgues toxiques ou nuisibles. Ces journées 2022 ont à nouveau démontré la forte interactivité et le dynamisme du réseau existant autour du suivi du phytoplancton. Le présent rapport est la compilation des diaporamas présentés durant ces journées (Partie 2), et des résumés associés (Partie 1). Seule une présentation n’y apparait pas, car certains travaux qui y sont présentés, toujours en cours, vont faire l’objet d’une publication.

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    Authors: Derolez, Valerie; Cimiterra, Nicolas;

    Dans le cadre d’OBSLAG (Observatoire des Lagunes), les résultats des diagnostics de l’état des compartiments physico-chimique et phytoplanctonique au regard de la Directive Cadre sur l’Eau (DCE) sont complétés d’évaluations de tendance des indicateurs sur les 10 masses d’eau lagunaires de l’observatoire. Ces éléments rendent compte de manière visuelle et synthétique : i) des évolutions, au sein d’une période de diagnostic (6 étés), de l’état des lagunes vis-à-vis de l’eutrophisation, et ii) de l’incertitude des diagnostics tel qu’exigé par la DCE. A l’issue des trois premières périodes de diagnostic OBSLAG-eutrophisation menées depuis 2016 sur les lagunes méditerranéennes d’Occitanie, PACA et Corse, l’objectif de cette note technique est d’évaluer la robustesse des indicateurs en termes de : 1) sensibilité de l’indicateur de tendance ; 2) potentiel communicatif des indicateurs de confiance. A partir des diagnostics de l’état physico-chimique de l’eau et de l’état du phytoplancton recueillies de 2009 à 2021 (8 périodes de diagnostic de 6 années), une analyse de la concordance des tests de tendance vis-à-vis des observations des périodes suivantes est effectuée. Les résultats montrent que les tests ont une relativement bonne spécificité pour les deux éléments de qualité et une sensibilité relativement bonne pour l’eau, mais faible pour le phytoplancton. A l’issue de cette synthèse, des perspectives sont identifiées pour : i) davantage valoriser les indicateurs de confiance dans les rapports OBSLAG, afin d’apporter plus de finesse aux diagnostics et d’alerter les gestionnaires sur des phénomènes de dégradation ; ii) produire régulièrement des traitements des données à échelle temporelle longue ; iii) enrichir les observations (échantillonnage estival bi-mensuel voire saisonnier, ajout d’une métrique de composition du phytoplancton ; iv) davantage confronter les résultats des indicateurs aux pressions subies par les lagunes (pollution anthropique et fluctuations hydro-météorologiques).

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    Authors: Serais, Ophelie; Quenot, Emmanuelle; Amouroux, Isabelle; Laugier, Thierry;

    Ce rapport présente les résultats de l'étude de la qualité microbiologique et chimique de la zone n°34.02 "Bande littorale de l'embouchure de l'Aude au Grau d'Agde"menée par l'Ifremer. Les prélèvements de tellines ont été réalisés entre le 06/02/2006 au 06/11/2007 avec le concours du Comité Local des Pêches de Valras. Les résultats permettent d’estimer en B la qualité microbiologique de cette zone pour le groupe 2 selon les seuils microbiologiques définis par l’arrêté du 21 mai 1999 et par le règlement 854/2004ii. Les résultats des analyses chimiques sont compatibles avec cette estimation en B de la qualité.

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    Authors: Khripounoff, Alexis; Vangriesheim, Annick; Crassous, Philippe; Etoubleau, Joel;

    This study aimed to analyze the role river floods play in triggering gravity flows and to investigate the role of submarine canyon systems as a conduit for terrigenous material to the deep sea. Two years of measurements in the Var canyon at depths ranging from 1200 m to 2350 m indicate that six floods of the Var River triggered hyperpycnal flows, an important mechanism for transporting particulate matter to the deep-sea floor. These sediment gravity flows were characterized by a sudden increase of current velocity that lasted 8 to 22 h and by downward particle fluxes that reached up to 600 g m(-2)d(-1) of particles and 3.1 g m(-2)d(-1) in terms of organic carbon. These large inputs of sediment and organic carbon may have a significant impact on deep-sea ecosystems and carbon storage in the Mediterranean Sea.

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    Marine Geology
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
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      Marine Geology
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Lefebvre, A.; Poisson Caillault, Emilie;

    International audience; As we move towards shipboard-underway and automated systems for monitoring water quality and assessing ecological status, there is a need to evaluate how effective the existing monitoring systems are, and how we could improve them. Considering the existing limitations for processing numerous and complex data series generated from automated systems, and because of processes involved in phytoplankton blooms, this paper proposes a data-driven evaluation of an unsupervised classifier to optimize the way we track phytoplankton, including harmful algal blooms (HABs), and to identify the main associated hydrological conditions. We used in situ data from a portable flow-through automatic measuring system coupled with a multi-fixed-wavelength fluorometer implemented in the eastern English Channel during a bloom of Phaeocystis globosa (high biomass, non-toxic HAB species). This combination of technologies allowed high resolution online hydrographical and biological measurements, including spectral fluorescence as a means of quantifying phytoplankton biomass and simplifying the phytoplankton community structure inference. An unsupervised spectral clustering method was applied to this multi-parameter high-resolution time series, which allowed discrimination under near real-time of 6 to 33 contrasting water masses based on their abiotic and biotic characteristics. In addition, areas subject to extreme events such as HABs could be precisely identified, so controlling factors or their direct and indirect effects could be hierarchized. Considering the benefits and limitations of such a strategy, future applications of such methods will be important in the context of implementing the Marine Strategy Framework Directive.

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