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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Aminat K. Alieva; Botagoz M. Nasibulina; Shima Bakhshalizadeh; Tatyana F. Kurochkina; +6 Authors

    This study reveals the diet of pike-perch from two habitats within the Tersko-Caspian region. The feeding habits of pike-perch in the Sulak and Terek rivers and Tersko-Caspian region were investigated based on 354 specimens sampled monthly from a commercial catch in 2019. Their diet consisted of different prey, with fish representing the most important prey group (up to 90%). Rutilus caspicus dominated with a frequency of occurrence of 20.5, and Aspius aspius, Perca fluviatilis, and Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum, had 13, 9.5, and 8.3%. In the earlier ages 1+ and 2+, zooplankton dominated, followed by mysids and chironomids, which continues into the older ages but at decreasing rates. Analysis of monthly variations in stomach fullness indicated that feeding intensity fluctuated in time, with the highest values in March–April, and lowest in September and November. It was found that the diet of pike-perch in the western Caspian changed considerably from season to season. They begin to actively feed after wintering and before, or even during, spawning period. The spectrum of the diet of Sander lucioperca includes more than 20 elements, mainly juveniles of commercially valuable fish. This fish is characterized by a relatively low ontogenetic diet diversity and flexibility, which makes it sensitive to environmental changes, including anthropogenically induced ones. This fish partially compensates for this disadvantage with its lifestyle, namely, its active foraging movements and migrations from fresh water to salt water and back, following its prey species.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fishesarrow_drop_down
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    Fishes
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Fishes
    Article . 2023
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fishesarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Fishes
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Fishes
      Article . 2023
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Abolfazl Narmani; Rémy Bertrand Teponno; Mahdi Arzanlou; Frank Surup; +6 Authors

    Abstract Chemical analysis of extracts from cultures of the plant pathogenic fungus Cytospora sp. strain CCTU A309 collected in Iran led to the isolation of two previously unreported heptanedioic acid derivatives namely (2R,3S) 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4-oxoheptanedioic acid (1) and (2S,3S) 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4-oxoheptanedioic acid (2) as diastereomers, four previously undescribed prenylated p-terphenyl quinones 3–6 in addition to five known metabolites. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry. For metabolites 1 and 2, the absolute configurations at C-2 were deduced from comparison of the 1H NMR difference of their (S)- and (R)-phenylglycine methyl ester derivatives while the relative configurations were tentatively assigned by a J-based analysis and confirmed by comparison of 13C chemical shifts to literature data. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic, antimicrobial (including biofilm inhibition), antiviral, and nematicidal activities. While only moderate antimicrobial effects were observed, the terphenyl quinone derivatives 3–6 and leucomelone (10) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the mouse fibroblast L929 and cervix carcinoma KB-3-1 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 26 μg/mL. Furthermore, metabolites 4–6 showed interesting antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV).

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Fitoterapiaarrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Fitoterapia
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Fitoterapia
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Fitoterapia
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ansari-Pour, N; Moñino, Y; Duque, C; Gallego, N; +3 Authors

    The Palenque, a black community in rural Colombia, have an oral history of fugitive African slaves founding a free village near Cartagena in the seventeenth century. Recently, linguists have identified some 200 words in regular use that originate in a Kikongo language, with Yombe, mainly spoken in the Congo region, being the most likely source. The non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) and mitochondrial DNA were analysed to establish whether there was greater similarity between present-day members of the Palenque and Yombe than between the Palenque and 42 other African groups (for all individuals,n= 2799) from which forced slaves might have been taken. NRY data are consistent with the linguistic evidence that Yombe is the most likely group from which the original male settlers of Palenque came. Mitochondrial DNA data suggested substantial maternal sub-Saharan African ancestry and a strong founder effect but did not associate Palenque with any particular African group. In addition, based on cultural data including inhabitants' claims of linguistic differences, it has been hypothesized that the two districts of the village (Abajo and Arriba) have different origins, with Arriba founded by men originating in Congo and Abajo by those born in Colombia. Although significant genetic structuring distinguished the two from each other, no supporting evidence for this hypothesis was found.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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    Europe PubMed Central
    Other literature type . 2016
    Data sources: PubMed Central
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    UCL Discovery
    Article . 2016
    Data sources: UCL Discovery
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Royal Society Data Sharing and Accessibility
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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      Europe PubMed Central
      Other literature type . 2016
      Data sources: PubMed Central
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      UCL Discovery
      Article . 2016
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
      Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Amir Reza Ghiami Azad; Kerry Kreitman; Michael D. Engelhardt; Todd A. Helwig; +1 Authors

    Abstract Many older bridges are constructed with structural systems consisting of a non-composite concrete deck over steel girders. A potentially economical method for strengthening these bridges is to develop composite action by attaching the existing concrete deck to the steel beams using post-installed shear connectors comprised of adhesive anchors. Because fatigue is one of the main concerns in designing bridges, investigating the fatigue properties of these post-installed shear connectors is crucial. Although the fatigue life of post-installed shear connectors has been explored through direct-shear tests, the actual fatigue performance of post-installed shear connectors in large-scale beam tests has not been extensively studied and may differ from component tests. The current paper describes the results of large-scale beam experiments on the fatigue performance of post-installed shear connectors. The results of this research indicate that adhesive anchor post-installed shear connectors have much better fatigue performance in beam tests compared to the previously reported fatigue test results based on direct-shear tests.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Construct...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Journal of Constructional Steel Research
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Construct...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Journal of Constructional Steel Research
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Ahmad Nazeer Che Mat; Nor Asrina Sairi; Wan Jefrey Basirun; Majid Rezayi; +2 Authors

    Abstract Anatase supported heterogeneous photocatalyst consisting of RuO2, MnO2 and Co3O4 (1:13:13 ratio) was synthesized by a precipitation method and tested for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation of methanol in 0.1 M KOH under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by FTIR, UV–vis, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM/EDX, TEM, BET, XPS and TPR. The PEC studies by cyclic voltammetry indicated that the oxidation of methanol to CO2 and H2O upon exposure to visible light occurs between 400 and 800 nm. The smaller value of the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the RuO2 MnO2 Co3O4 supported anatase TiO2 electrode indicates a faster rate of charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface compared to the Pt/C catalyst, which could be promising for direct methanol fuel cell application.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Materials Chemistry ...arrow_drop_down
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    Materials Chemistry and Physics
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Materials Chemistry ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Materials Chemistry and Physics
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Authors: Sherry N.N. Du; Fariborz Khajali; Neal J. Dawson; Graham R. Scott;

    Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been suggested to be possible mechanisms underlying hybrid breakdown, as a result of mito-nuclear incompatibilities in respiratory complexes of the electron transport system. However, it remains unclear whether hybridization increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria. We used high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry on isolated liver mitochondria to examine mitochondrial physiology and ROS emission in naturally occurring hybrids of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and bluegill (L. macrochirus). ROS emission was greater in hybrids than in both parent species when respiration was supported by complex I (but not complex II) substrates, and was associated with increases in lipid peroxidation. However, respiratory capacities for oxidative phosphorylation, phosphorylation efficiency, and O2 kinetics in hybrids were intermediate between those in parental species. Flux control ratios of capacities for electron transport (measured in uncoupled mitochondria) relative to oxidative phosphorylation suggested that the limiting influence of the phosphorylation system is reduced in hybrids. This likely helped offset impairments in electron transport capacity and complex III activity, but contributed to augmenting ROS production. Therefore, hybridization can increase mitochondrial ROS production, in support of previous suggestions that mitochondrial dysfunction can induce oxidative stress and thus contribute to hybrid breakdown. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Evolutionarrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Evolution
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Evolutionarrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Evolution
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Kavousi, Javid; Goudarzi, Forough; Izadi, Mohammad; Gardner, Charlie J.;

    The conservation of biodiversity-and the vital ecosystem services it generates-is one of the greatest challenges humanity faces, yet the field faces drastic funding cuts as society realigns its priorities in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we argue that diverting attention from conservation would, however, increase the risk of further global health crises because the emergence of novel infectious diseases is partially driven by global environmental change. As the discrepancy between conservation needs and society's willingness to pay for them grows, conservation will have to evolve to stay relevant in the age global change-induced human infectious disease. International audience

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    Authors: Mehdi Bohlooly; Mohammad Ali Kouchakzadeh; Babak Mirzavand; Mohammad Noghabi;

    Abstract A theoretical approach is presented to derive an explicit formula for buckling load and postbuckling path of advanced grid stiffened conical shells (stiffeners with laminated composite skins). Different types of fiber paths of grids including stringer, ring, and helical are considered. The simply supported truncated conical shell with imperfection is subjected to axial compression. Basic formulations are constructed using the classical theory of shells and von Karman type of nonlinear strain-displacement relationships. The equilibrium and compatibility equations are solved by Galerkin procedure, and an explicit relation is obtained to predict the equilibrium paths. Results for different conditions are verified by comparison to existing data in the literature. Novel results are revealed in the parametric study to show the effects of different fiber paths, geometrical conditions, and lay-up configurations on the buckling and postbuckling of the advanced grid stiffened structures. As a key finding, the helical and ring fibers of grids are more effective than stringer on the buckling load and postbuckling path. Especially when high number of ribs are considered.

    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Thin-Walled Structur...arrow_drop_down
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    Thin-Walled Structures
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Thin-Walled Structures
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    Authors: Mahsa Nouroozi; Hamed Mirzadeh; Mehran Zamani;

    Abstract The impact of the intercritical annealing time and refinement of microstructure upon the tensile properties and work-hardening capacity of a dual phase (DP) steel were evaluated. For the undeformed pre-intercritical microstructures, the sensitivity of the obtained DP microstructures on the time of annealing was low, and in all cases, a relatively coarse microstructure was obtained. It was shown that a fine-grained DP steel with chain-network martensite morphology can be readily obtained by carefully controlled intercritical annealing of a cold deformed martensitic microstructure. By continued intercritical annealing beyond the optimum value, the growth of ferrite grains and fading of the chain-network martensite morphology were found to be responsible for the lowering of work-hardening rate and obtained tensile properties. By optimization of the intercritical annealing condition, a DP300/600 steel with high work-hardening rate, low yield ratio, high tensile toughness, and good ductility was obtained, which exhibited significant enhancements compared with the conventional DP350/600 grades.

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    Materials Science and Engineering A
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Materials Science an...arrow_drop_down
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      Materials Science and Engineering A
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Alireza Neshani; Mohammad Reza Akbari Eidgahi; Hosna Zare; Kiarash Ghazvini;

    Regarding the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections in recent years, many studies have been conducted on antimicrobial peptides as an alternative drug. Unfortunately, there are fewer studies on marine antimicrobial peptides than other living organisms. In this study, Tilapia Piscidin 4 (TP4), one of the most efficient marine antimicrobial peptides that have been introduced so far, produced using the Pichia pastoris GS115 expression system. The TP4 sequence was first cloned to the pPIC9 vector and then transformed to the Pichia pastoris to integrate into the genome. The best expression conditions were obtained in a minimal protein-lacking medium of BMM, 1.5% methanol, pH of 6, and the time of 48 hours. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of the recombinant TP4 was evaluated on 12 gram-negative and 5 gram-positive common bacterial pathogens including sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains and showed the widespectrum activity. The TP4 antimicrobial peptide can be used as a competitive candidate for antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era due to the broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. The production of TP4 by the explained method in this study was a low-cost process and could pave the way for future studies and therapeutic applications.

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    Authors: Aminat K. Alieva; Botagoz M. Nasibulina; Shima Bakhshalizadeh; Tatyana F. Kurochkina; +6 Authors

    This study reveals the diet of pike-perch from two habitats within the Tersko-Caspian region. The feeding habits of pike-perch in the Sulak and Terek rivers and Tersko-Caspian region were investigated based on 354 specimens sampled monthly from a commercial catch in 2019. Their diet consisted of different prey, with fish representing the most important prey group (up to 90%). Rutilus caspicus dominated with a frequency of occurrence of 20.5, and Aspius aspius, Perca fluviatilis, and Chondrostoma oxyrhynchum, had 13, 9.5, and 8.3%. In the earlier ages 1+ and 2+, zooplankton dominated, followed by mysids and chironomids, which continues into the older ages but at decreasing rates. Analysis of monthly variations in stomach fullness indicated that feeding intensity fluctuated in time, with the highest values in March–April, and lowest in September and November. It was found that the diet of pike-perch in the western Caspian changed considerably from season to season. They begin to actively feed after wintering and before, or even during, spawning period. The spectrum of the diet of Sander lucioperca includes more than 20 elements, mainly juveniles of commercially valuable fish. This fish is characterized by a relatively low ontogenetic diet diversity and flexibility, which makes it sensitive to environmental changes, including anthropogenically induced ones. This fish partially compensates for this disadvantage with its lifestyle, namely, its active foraging movements and migrations from fresh water to salt water and back, following its prey species.

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    Fishes
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Fishes
    Article . 2023
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      Fishes
      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      Fishes
      Article . 2023
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    Authors: Abolfazl Narmani; Rémy Bertrand Teponno; Mahdi Arzanlou; Frank Surup; +6 Authors

    Abstract Chemical analysis of extracts from cultures of the plant pathogenic fungus Cytospora sp. strain CCTU A309 collected in Iran led to the isolation of two previously unreported heptanedioic acid derivatives namely (2R,3S) 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4-oxoheptanedioic acid (1) and (2S,3S) 2-hydroxy-3-phenyl-4-oxoheptanedioic acid (2) as diastereomers, four previously undescribed prenylated p-terphenyl quinones 3–6 in addition to five known metabolites. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis and high-resolution mass spectrometry. For metabolites 1 and 2, the absolute configurations at C-2 were deduced from comparison of the 1H NMR difference of their (S)- and (R)-phenylglycine methyl ester derivatives while the relative configurations were tentatively assigned by a J-based analysis and confirmed by comparison of 13C chemical shifts to literature data. The isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxic, antimicrobial (including biofilm inhibition), antiviral, and nematicidal activities. While only moderate antimicrobial effects were observed, the terphenyl quinone derivatives 3–6 and leucomelone (10) exhibited significant cytotoxicity against the mouse fibroblast L929 and cervix carcinoma KB-3-1 cell lines with IC50 values ranging from 2.4 to 26 μg/mL. Furthermore, metabolites 4–6 showed interesting antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus (HCV).

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    Fitoterapia
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ansari-Pour, N; Moñino, Y; Duque, C; Gallego, N; +3 Authors

    The Palenque, a black community in rural Colombia, have an oral history of fugitive African slaves founding a free village near Cartagena in the seventeenth century. Recently, linguists have identified some 200 words in regular use that originate in a Kikongo language, with Yombe, mainly spoken in the Congo region, being the most likely source. The non-recombining portion of the Y chromosome (NRY) and mitochondrial DNA were analysed to establish whether there was greater similarity between present-day members of the Palenque and Yombe than between the Palenque and 42 other African groups (for all individuals,n= 2799) from which forced slaves might have been taken. NRY data are consistent with the linguistic evidence that Yombe is the most likely group from which the original male settlers of Palenque came. Mitochondrial DNA data suggested substantial maternal sub-Saharan African ancestry and a strong founder effect but did not associate Palenque with any particular African group. In addition, based on cultural data including inhabitants' claims of linguistic differences, it has been hypothesized that the two districts of the village (Abajo and Arriba) have different origins, with Arriba founded by men originating in Congo and Abajo by those born in Colombia. Although significant genetic structuring distinguished the two from each other, no supporting evidence for this hypothesis was found.

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    Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Proceedings of the Royal Society B Biological Sciences
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    Authors: Amir Reza Ghiami Azad; Kerry Kreitman; Michael D. Engelhardt; Todd A. Helwig; +1 Authors

    Abstract Many older bridges are constructed with structural systems consisting of a non-composite concrete deck over steel girders. A potentially economical method for strengthening these bridges is to develop composite action by attaching the existing concrete deck to the steel beams using post-installed shear connectors comprised of adhesive anchors. Because fatigue is one of the main concerns in designing bridges, investigating the fatigue properties of these post-installed shear connectors is crucial. Although the fatigue life of post-installed shear connectors has been explored through direct-shear tests, the actual fatigue performance of post-installed shear connectors in large-scale beam tests has not been extensively studied and may differ from component tests. The current paper describes the results of large-scale beam experiments on the fatigue performance of post-installed shear connectors. The results of this research indicate that adhesive anchor post-installed shear connectors have much better fatigue performance in beam tests compared to the previously reported fatigue test results based on direct-shear tests.

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    Journal of Constructional Steel Research
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Constructional Steel Research
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ahmad Nazeer Che Mat; Nor Asrina Sairi; Wan Jefrey Basirun; Majid Rezayi; +2 Authors

    Abstract Anatase supported heterogeneous photocatalyst consisting of RuO2, MnO2 and Co3O4 (1:13:13 ratio) was synthesized by a precipitation method and tested for photoelectrocatalytic (PEC) oxidation of methanol in 0.1 M KOH under visible light irradiation. The as-prepared photocatalyst was characterized by FTIR, UV–vis, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, FESEM/EDX, TEM, BET, XPS and TPR. The PEC studies by cyclic voltammetry indicated that the oxidation of methanol to CO2 and H2O upon exposure to visible light occurs between 400 and 800 nm. The smaller value of the charge transfer resistance (Rct) of the RuO2 MnO2 Co3O4 supported anatase TiO2 electrode indicates a faster rate of charge transfer at the electrode-electrolyte interface compared to the Pt/C catalyst, which could be promising for direct methanol fuel cell application.

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    Materials Chemistry and Physics
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Materials Chemistry and Physics
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    Authors: Sherry N.N. Du; Fariborz Khajali; Neal J. Dawson; Graham R. Scott;

    Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been suggested to be possible mechanisms underlying hybrid breakdown, as a result of mito-nuclear incompatibilities in respiratory complexes of the electron transport system. However, it remains unclear whether hybridization increases the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by mitochondria. We used high-resolution respirometry and fluorometry on isolated liver mitochondria to examine mitochondrial physiology and ROS emission in naturally occurring hybrids of pumpkinseed (Lepomis gibbosus) and bluegill (L. macrochirus). ROS emission was greater in hybrids than in both parent species when respiration was supported by complex I (but not complex II) substrates, and was associated with increases in lipid peroxidation. However, respiratory capacities for oxidative phosphorylation, phosphorylation efficiency, and O2 kinetics in hybrids were intermediate between those in parental species. Flux control ratios of capacities for electron transport (measured in uncoupled mitochondria) relative to oxidative phosphorylation suggested that the limiting influence of the phosphorylation system is reduced in hybrids. This likely helped offset impairments in electron transport capacity and complex III activity, but contributed to augmenting ROS production. Therefore, hybridization can increase mitochondrial ROS production, in support of previous suggestions that mitochondrial dysfunction can induce oxidative stress and thus contribute to hybrid breakdown. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved

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    Evolution
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Evolution
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    Authors: Kavousi, Javid; Goudarzi, Forough; Izadi, Mohammad; Gardner, Charlie J.;

    The conservation of biodiversity-and the vital ecosystem services it generates-is one of the greatest challenges humanity faces, yet the field faces drastic funding cuts as society realigns its priorities in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we argue that diverting attention from conservation would, however, increase the risk of further global health crises because the emergence of novel infectious diseases is partially driven by global environmental change. As the discrepancy between conservation needs and society's willingness to pay for them grows, conservation will have to evolve to stay relevant in the age global change-induced human infectious disease. International audience

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    Authors: Mehdi Bohlooly; Mohammad Ali Kouchakzadeh; Babak Mirzavand; Mohammad Noghabi;

    Abstract A theoretical approach is presented to derive an explicit formula for buckling load and postbuckling path of advanced grid stiffened conical shells (stiffeners with laminated composite skins). Different types of fiber paths of grids including stringer, ring, and helical are considered. The simply supported truncated conical shell with imperfection is subjected to axial compression. Basic formulations are constructed using the classical theory of shells and von Karman type of nonlinear strain-displacement relationships. The equilibrium and compatibility equations are solved by Galerkin procedure, and an explicit relation is obtained to predict the equilibrium paths. Results for different conditions are verified by comparison to existing data in the literature. Novel results are revealed in the parametric study to show the effects of different fiber paths, geometrical conditions, and lay-up configurations on the buckling and postbuckling of the advanced grid stiffened structures. As a key finding, the helical and ring fibers of grids are more effective than stringer on the buckling load and postbuckling path. Especially when high number of ribs are considered.

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    Thin-Walled Structures
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Thin-Walled Structures
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    Authors: Mahsa Nouroozi; Hamed Mirzadeh; Mehran Zamani;

    Abstract The impact of the intercritical annealing time and refinement of microstructure upon the tensile properties and work-hardening capacity of a dual phase (DP) steel were evaluated. For the undeformed pre-intercritical microstructures, the sensitivity of the obtained DP microstructures on the time of annealing was low, and in all cases, a relatively coarse microstructure was obtained. It was shown that a fine-grained DP steel with chain-network martensite morphology can be readily obtained by carefully controlled intercritical annealing of a cold deformed martensitic microstructure. By continued intercritical annealing beyond the optimum value, the growth of ferrite grains and fading of the chain-network martensite morphology were found to be responsible for the lowering of work-hardening rate and obtained tensile properties. By optimization of the intercritical annealing condition, a DP300/600 steel with high work-hardening rate, low yield ratio, high tensile toughness, and good ductility was obtained, which exhibited significant enhancements compared with the conventional DP350/600 grades.

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    Materials Science and Engineering A
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Materials Science an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Materials Science and Engineering A
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Elsevier TDM
      Data sources: Crossref
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Alireza Neshani; Mohammad Reza Akbari Eidgahi; Hosna Zare; Kiarash Ghazvini;

    Regarding the spread of antibiotic-resistant infections in recent years, many studies have been conducted on antimicrobial peptides as an alternative drug. Unfortunately, there are fewer studies on marine antimicrobial peptides than other living organisms. In this study, Tilapia Piscidin 4 (TP4), one of the most efficient marine antimicrobial peptides that have been introduced so far, produced using the Pichia pastoris GS115 expression system. The TP4 sequence was first cloned to the pPIC9 vector and then transformed to the Pichia pastoris to integrate into the genome. The best expression conditions were obtained in a minimal protein-lacking medium of BMM, 1.5% methanol, pH of 6, and the time of 48 hours. Subsequently, the antimicrobial activity of the recombinant TP4 was evaluated on 12 gram-negative and 5 gram-positive common bacterial pathogens including sensitive and antibiotic-resistant strains and showed the widespectrum activity. The TP4 antimicrobial peptide can be used as a competitive candidate for antibiotics in the post-antibiotic era due to the broad-spectrum antibacterial effects. The production of TP4 by the explained method in this study was a low-cost process and could pave the way for future studies and therapeutic applications.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Research ...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Research ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/