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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Volkmar Keuter; Sebastian Deck; Heidi Giesenkamp; Denise Gonglach; +6 Authors

    Within this paper, the authors explain their transdisciplinary vision of nutrient recovery for sustainable urban plant cultivation in Germany from different but complementary perspectives (SUSKULT vision). Nowadays, the demand for fresh, healthy, locally and sustainably produced food in German urban areas is constantly increasing. At the same time, current agricultural systems contribute significantly to exceeding the planetary boundaries. The disruption of the phosphorus and nitrogen cycles in particular stands out from the manifold effects of modern food production on the Earth system. One central issue that will have to be faced in the future is how increased yields in agriculture will be achieved with high-energy requirements in fertilizer production and pollution of water and soil by phosphorus and reactive nitrogen. City region food systems (CRFS) can be a solution to overcome these issues. Nevertheless, to ensure sustainable CRFS, innovative technologies and methods need to be developed, including nutrient and energy recovery and adapted horticultural cultivation methods that fit complex urban dynamics. Such new strategies need to be integrated in long-term social and political transformation processes to enhance acceptance of food produced by recyclates. The joint contribution of experts from the wastewater, horticultural, and political sciences, together with industrial and societal sector actors, is critical to reach these objectives. The overarching goal of SUSKULT’s vision is the establishment of the field of urban circular agricultural production as an innovative sector of the bio-based economy in Germany.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Xiaoyan Pan; Kum-Sik Oh; Mengmeng Wang;

    Strategic orientation represents an important antecedent condition for new product development (NPD) performance, which can help firms create competitive advantage and promote sustainable growth. This study aims to explore the role of strategic orientation (i.e., technology orientation, customer orientation) in promoting firms’ digital capabilities and NPD performance in the context of digital transformation. Using a resource-based view and its extended dynamic capabilities as a theoretical foundation, we provide a comprehensive framework by developing a set of hypotheses. In addition, we examine the moderating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the relationship between strategic orientation and NPD performance. Using data from a sample of 174 Chinese manufacturing firms, we perform structural equation modelling to empirically test our arguments. Our findings show that technology orientation and customer orientation play a critical role in driving firms’ digital capabilities. Moreover, we find that the two dimensions of strategic orientation tend to exert different effects on NPD performance, with technology orientation playing a more significant role than customer orientation in contributing to NPD performance. Finally, our findings strongly suggest that a firm’s CSR engagement moderates the relationship between its customer orientation and NPD performance, such that the higher the firm’s engagement in CSR, the greater the contribution of customer orientation to the firm’s NPD performance. Our findings provide new insights into non-market mechanisms such as CSR through which firms can compensate for their strategically oriented practices in the NPD process.

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    Authors: Leushantha Mudaly; Michael van der Laan;

    Little is understood on the interaction between irrigated agriculture and surface water quality in South African catchments. A case study was conducted on the Middle Olifants Catchment, which contains the second largest irrigation scheme in South Africa. Dams, rivers, irrigation canals, and drainage canals were sampled between the Loskop and Flag Boshielo Dams. Results were compared to historical water quality monitoring data from the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). While DWS data indicate that phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) does not pose a eutrophication risk, our monitored data were above the eutrophication threshold for the majority of the sampling period. In general, phosphorus (P) pollution is a bigger issue than nitrogen (N), and concentrations of these nutrients tend to be higher during the summer rainfall months, potentially indicating a link to agriculture and fertilization events. We estimated that waste water treatment works (WWTW), which are currently systematically failing in South Africa, have the potential to pollute as much P as irrigated agriculture. Electrical conductivity levels increased downstream, moving from the acceptable towards the tolerable category, while the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) presents a moderate risk of infiltrability problems. The pH values were generally in the ideal range. This study has highlighted existing and looming water quality issues for irrigation and the environment in the Middle Olifants. Similar scoping studies are recommended for other intensively-irrigated catchments in the region to identify issues and allow timely intervention.

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    Authors: Sumit Gupta; Basai Prathipati; Govind Sharan Dangayach; Posinasetti Nageswara Rao; +1 Authors

    In the current competitive scenario, SMEs need to adopt advanced technology in order to comprehend the dynamics of Industry 4.0 and the sustainable operations for operational excellence. The present study discusses the relationship between Industry 4.0 with sustainable operations and operational excellence. A research model is proposed and assessed through structural equation modelling (SEM). The current research shows that if SMEs adopt Industry 4.0 practices and the use of advanced robotics in order to minimize human intervention, as well as smart logistics that react to changes in production capacity, virtual reality and dynamic simulation techniques, then SMEs can significantly achieve sustainability in manufacturing operations. Furthermore, this study will help companies to attain an operational excellence with greater efficiency and productivity. Therefore, SMEs need to focus on sustainable manufacturing practices.

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    Cranfield CERES
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      Cranfield CERES
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    Authors: Francés Falip, Javier;

    On average, OT devices inside an electric car generate over 2,000,000 events per day. What would happen if we tamper a message there? Could there be fatal consequences? Cybersecurity in OT must be reshaped to ensure that essential communications and processes do not fail to run properly, either in critical infrastructures or in possibly fatal mechanisms. For that purpose, this master?s thesis consists of a cybersecurity assessment of the OT protocols and devices running, in this case, on a generic electric car. The main goal of this document is to serve to the reader as a collection of essentials, including an introductory explanation of the OT and its cybersecurity. For the document?s core, and as a sample of a non-industrial OT system, this text will provide an insightful view for the case of the electric vehicle (EV), allowing the reader to better grasp the complexity of OT security and emerging technologies.

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    Authors: Giacomo Falchetta; Nicolò Golinucci; Matteo Vincenzo Rocco;

    In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), diets are largely based on cereal or root staple crops. Together with socio-cultural change, economic and demographic growth could boost the demand for meat, with significant environmental repercussions. We model meat consumption pathways to 2050 for SSA based on several scenarios calibrated on historical demand drivers. To assess the consequent environmental impact, we adopt an environmentally-extended input-output (EEIO) framework and apply it on the EXIOBASE 3.3 hybrid tables. We find that, depending on the interplay of resources efficiency and demand growth, by 2050 the growth in meat consumption in SSA could cause a growth in greenhouse gases emissions of 1.4 [0.9–1.9] Gt CO2e/yr (~175% of current regional agriculture-related emissions), which is an extension of cropping and grazing-related land of 15 [12.5–21] · 106 km2 (one quarter of today’s global agricultural land), the consumption of an additional 36 [29–47] Gm3/yr of blue water (nearly doubling the current regional agricultural consumption), an eutrophication potential growth of 7.6 [4.9–9.5] t PO4e/yr, and the consumption of additional 0.9 [0.5–1.4] EJ/yr of fossil fuels and 49 [32–73] TWh/yr of electricity. These results suggest that—in the absence of significant improvements in the regional sectoral resource efficiency—meat demand growth in SSA is bound to become a major global sustainability challenge. In addition, we show that a partial substitution of the protein intake from the expected growth in meat consumption with plant-based alternatives carries additional significant potential for mitigating environmental impacts. The policies affecting both farming practices and dietary choices will thus have a significant impact on the SSA and global environmental flows.

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    Authors: Yaofeng Yang; Yajuan Chen; Zhenrong Yu; Pengyao Li; +1 Authors

    attitudes on ES are highly complex, caused by characteristics of the farmers. Furthermore, the inflection points of the U-shaped curves, where priorities change from increasing income to paying more attention to waste assimilation and biological pest control, are identified at 17,091 and 25,071RMB, respectively. Initiatives that aim to achieve sustainable agricultural development by strengthening ES provisions should be sensitive to farmers&rsquo attitudes for ES will provide references for targeted agricultural environment management, which is critical to achieving the sustainable development of agriculture. The aim of this study is to identify the attitudes of farmers regarding ES, and to test whether and how annual household income and social demographic characteristics affect farmers&rsquo Agroecosystems are complex socio-ecological systems that are managed by farmers to achieve desired outcomes, including economic income and environmental benefits contributed by ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, understanding farmers&rsquo attitudes toward ES. Using face-to-face interviews to collect data and the hypothesis of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) to provide an analytical framework, the results reveal that, in general, the perceptions of farmers&rsquo educational attainment, concentrate fragmented cultivation area and create reasonable incentives for preserving and restoring of ES and increasing farmers&rsquo income together, which then can enhance the positive outcomes from income growth. perceptions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen farmers&rsquo

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    Authors: Henry C. Bittig; Arne Körtzinger;

    Abstract. Oxygen optode measurements on floats and gliders suffer from a slow time response and sensors that are or eventually run out of calibration. Based on two dual-O2 Argo floats, we show how to post-correct for the effect of the optode’s time response and give an update on optode in-situ drift stability and in-air calibration. Both floats are equipped with an unpumped Aanderaa 4330 optode and a pumped Sea-Bird SBE63 optode. Response times for the pumped SBE63 were derived after Bittig et al. (2014). Also their methods were used to correct the time response bias. Using both optodes on each float, the time response regime of the unpumped Aanderaa optode was characterized more accurately than previously possible. Response times for the pumped SBE63 are in the range of 25–40 s, while they are between 60–95 s for the unpumped 4330 optode. Our parameterization can be employed to post-correct the slow optode time response on floats and gliders. After correction, both sensors agree to within 2–3 μmol kg−1 (median difference) in the strongest gradients (120 μmol kg−1 change over 8 minutes or 20 dbar) and better elsewhere. However, time response correction is only possible if measurement times are known, i.e., provided by the platform as well as transmitted and stored with the data. The O2 in-air measurements show a significant in-situ optode drift of −0.4 % yr−1 and −0.2 % yr−1, respectively. Optode in-air measurements are systematically biased high during mid-day surfacings compared to dusk, dawn, and nighttime. While preference can be given to nighttime surfacings to avoid this in-air calibration bias, we suggest a parameterization of the daytime effect as function of the sun’s elevation to be able to use all data and to better constrain the result. Taking all effects into account, calibration factors have an uncertainty of 0.1 %. In addition, in-air calibration factors vary by 0.1–0.2 % when using different reanalysis models as reference. The overall accuracy that can be achieved following the proposed correction routines is <1 μmol kg−1.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/os-201...
    Preprint . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://www.ocean-sci.net/13/1...
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      https://doi.org/10.5194/os-201...
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    Authors: Kebir Mohammed Jemal; Marzhan Kabzhassarova; Ramazan Shaimkhanov; Dinara Dikhanbayeva; +3 Authors

    The construction sector has undergone several transformations to address adverse environmental, economic, and social impacts. The concept of the circular economy (CE) has transcended into this domain to solve the needs of construction amid resource constraints. Furthermore, advanced digital tools are being implemented across industries owing to the boost given by the fourth industrial revolution. This paper aims to develop a framework that investigates the effect of digital tools on CE implementation in the construction sector. The study is based on a three-step approach, where first, an initial framework design based on a systematic literature review was conducted. This is followed by framework optimization using semistructured interviews with experts and validation through a case study. This study resulted in the development of a new framework, which aims to investigate how advanced digital tools can be used in the construction sector to enhance CE implementation. The contribution of the present study is two-fold: (1) the integration (addressing existing research gap) of CE and digitalization concepts in the construction sector; (2) an investigation into the critical barriers, offering insights for construction practitioners.

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    Authors: Jiang; Chen;

    Global food security has been in a severe condition in recent years, especially in developing countries. These countries need sufficient investment to promote their agricultural development. At the same time, the increasing foreign investment in agriculture has aroused widespread concern in the international community. It is controversial whether it is conducive to the host country’s agriculture and social development. In order to study whether developing countries can promote food security by absorbing adequate and effective foreign agricultural investment, we use principal component analysis and select 135 countries (regions) as samples to construct an indicator system from three aspects: investment demand, investment environment and investment motivation. We use cross-section data consisting of the values of the most recent year updated for each indicator. The results show that the demand for foreign investment in developing countries is strong, but overall, it does not have much investment appeal and the investment environment is bad. There is a gap between the expectations and realities in societies in each developing country in terms of the introduction of foreign agricultural investment to promote food security. Governance and capacity building should be strengthened to reconcile their investment needs with investors’ motives. Meanwhile, more inclusive rules for foreign agricultural investment will help it to play its due role in developing countries.

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    Authors: Volkmar Keuter; Sebastian Deck; Heidi Giesenkamp; Denise Gonglach; +6 Authors

    Within this paper, the authors explain their transdisciplinary vision of nutrient recovery for sustainable urban plant cultivation in Germany from different but complementary perspectives (SUSKULT vision). Nowadays, the demand for fresh, healthy, locally and sustainably produced food in German urban areas is constantly increasing. At the same time, current agricultural systems contribute significantly to exceeding the planetary boundaries. The disruption of the phosphorus and nitrogen cycles in particular stands out from the manifold effects of modern food production on the Earth system. One central issue that will have to be faced in the future is how increased yields in agriculture will be achieved with high-energy requirements in fertilizer production and pollution of water and soil by phosphorus and reactive nitrogen. City region food systems (CRFS) can be a solution to overcome these issues. Nevertheless, to ensure sustainable CRFS, innovative technologies and methods need to be developed, including nutrient and energy recovery and adapted horticultural cultivation methods that fit complex urban dynamics. Such new strategies need to be integrated in long-term social and political transformation processes to enhance acceptance of food produced by recyclates. The joint contribution of experts from the wastewater, horticultural, and political sciences, together with industrial and societal sector actors, is critical to reach these objectives. The overarching goal of SUSKULT’s vision is the establishment of the field of urban circular agricultural production as an innovative sector of the bio-based economy in Germany.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Xiaoyan Pan; Kum-Sik Oh; Mengmeng Wang;

    Strategic orientation represents an important antecedent condition for new product development (NPD) performance, which can help firms create competitive advantage and promote sustainable growth. This study aims to explore the role of strategic orientation (i.e., technology orientation, customer orientation) in promoting firms’ digital capabilities and NPD performance in the context of digital transformation. Using a resource-based view and its extended dynamic capabilities as a theoretical foundation, we provide a comprehensive framework by developing a set of hypotheses. In addition, we examine the moderating effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) on the relationship between strategic orientation and NPD performance. Using data from a sample of 174 Chinese manufacturing firms, we perform structural equation modelling to empirically test our arguments. Our findings show that technology orientation and customer orientation play a critical role in driving firms’ digital capabilities. Moreover, we find that the two dimensions of strategic orientation tend to exert different effects on NPD performance, with technology orientation playing a more significant role than customer orientation in contributing to NPD performance. Finally, our findings strongly suggest that a firm’s CSR engagement moderates the relationship between its customer orientation and NPD performance, such that the higher the firm’s engagement in CSR, the greater the contribution of customer orientation to the firm’s NPD performance. Our findings provide new insights into non-market mechanisms such as CSR through which firms can compensate for their strategically oriented practices in the NPD process.

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    Authors: Leushantha Mudaly; Michael van der Laan;

    Little is understood on the interaction between irrigated agriculture and surface water quality in South African catchments. A case study was conducted on the Middle Olifants Catchment, which contains the second largest irrigation scheme in South Africa. Dams, rivers, irrigation canals, and drainage canals were sampled between the Loskop and Flag Boshielo Dams. Results were compared to historical water quality monitoring data from the Department of Water and Sanitation (DWS). While DWS data indicate that phosphate-phosphorus (PO4-P) does not pose a eutrophication risk, our monitored data were above the eutrophication threshold for the majority of the sampling period. In general, phosphorus (P) pollution is a bigger issue than nitrogen (N), and concentrations of these nutrients tend to be higher during the summer rainfall months, potentially indicating a link to agriculture and fertilization events. We estimated that waste water treatment works (WWTW), which are currently systematically failing in South Africa, have the potential to pollute as much P as irrigated agriculture. Electrical conductivity levels increased downstream, moving from the acceptable towards the tolerable category, while the sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) presents a moderate risk of infiltrability problems. The pH values were generally in the ideal range. This study has highlighted existing and looming water quality issues for irrigation and the environment in the Middle Olifants. Similar scoping studies are recommended for other intensively-irrigated catchments in the region to identify issues and allow timely intervention.

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    Sustainability
    Other literature type . Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Sumit Gupta; Basai Prathipati; Govind Sharan Dangayach; Posinasetti Nageswara Rao; +1 Authors

    In the current competitive scenario, SMEs need to adopt advanced technology in order to comprehend the dynamics of Industry 4.0 and the sustainable operations for operational excellence. The present study discusses the relationship between Industry 4.0 with sustainable operations and operational excellence. A research model is proposed and assessed through structural equation modelling (SEM). The current research shows that if SMEs adopt Industry 4.0 practices and the use of advanced robotics in order to minimize human intervention, as well as smart logistics that react to changes in production capacity, virtual reality and dynamic simulation techniques, then SMEs can significantly achieve sustainability in manufacturing operations. Furthermore, this study will help companies to attain an operational excellence with greater efficiency and productivity. Therefore, SMEs need to focus on sustainable manufacturing practices.

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    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cranfield CERES
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    Authors: Francés Falip, Javier;

    On average, OT devices inside an electric car generate over 2,000,000 events per day. What would happen if we tamper a message there? Could there be fatal consequences? Cybersecurity in OT must be reshaped to ensure that essential communications and processes do not fail to run properly, either in critical infrastructures or in possibly fatal mechanisms. For that purpose, this master?s thesis consists of a cybersecurity assessment of the OT protocols and devices running, in this case, on a generic electric car. The main goal of this document is to serve to the reader as a collection of essentials, including an introductory explanation of the OT and its cybersecurity. For the document?s core, and as a sample of a non-industrial OT system, this text will provide an insightful view for the case of the electric vehicle (EV), allowing the reader to better grasp the complexity of OT security and emerging technologies.

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    Authors: Giacomo Falchetta; Nicolò Golinucci; Matteo Vincenzo Rocco;

    In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), diets are largely based on cereal or root staple crops. Together with socio-cultural change, economic and demographic growth could boost the demand for meat, with significant environmental repercussions. We model meat consumption pathways to 2050 for SSA based on several scenarios calibrated on historical demand drivers. To assess the consequent environmental impact, we adopt an environmentally-extended input-output (EEIO) framework and apply it on the EXIOBASE 3.3 hybrid tables. We find that, depending on the interplay of resources efficiency and demand growth, by 2050 the growth in meat consumption in SSA could cause a growth in greenhouse gases emissions of 1.4 [0.9–1.9] Gt CO2e/yr (~175% of current regional agriculture-related emissions), which is an extension of cropping and grazing-related land of 15 [12.5–21] · 106 km2 (one quarter of today’s global agricultural land), the consumption of an additional 36 [29–47] Gm3/yr of blue water (nearly doubling the current regional agricultural consumption), an eutrophication potential growth of 7.6 [4.9–9.5] t PO4e/yr, and the consumption of additional 0.9 [0.5–1.4] EJ/yr of fossil fuels and 49 [32–73] TWh/yr of electricity. These results suggest that—in the absence of significant improvements in the regional sectoral resource efficiency—meat demand growth in SSA is bound to become a major global sustainability challenge. In addition, we show that a partial substitution of the protein intake from the expected growth in meat consumption with plant-based alternatives carries additional significant potential for mitigating environmental impacts. The policies affecting both farming practices and dietary choices will thus have a significant impact on the SSA and global environmental flows.

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    Authors: Yaofeng Yang; Yajuan Chen; Zhenrong Yu; Pengyao Li; +1 Authors

    attitudes on ES are highly complex, caused by characteristics of the farmers. Furthermore, the inflection points of the U-shaped curves, where priorities change from increasing income to paying more attention to waste assimilation and biological pest control, are identified at 17,091 and 25,071RMB, respectively. Initiatives that aim to achieve sustainable agricultural development by strengthening ES provisions should be sensitive to farmers&rsquo attitudes for ES will provide references for targeted agricultural environment management, which is critical to achieving the sustainable development of agriculture. The aim of this study is to identify the attitudes of farmers regarding ES, and to test whether and how annual household income and social demographic characteristics affect farmers&rsquo Agroecosystems are complex socio-ecological systems that are managed by farmers to achieve desired outcomes, including economic income and environmental benefits contributed by ecosystem services (ES). Therefore, understanding farmers&rsquo attitudes toward ES. Using face-to-face interviews to collect data and the hypothesis of environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) to provide an analytical framework, the results reveal that, in general, the perceptions of farmers&rsquo educational attainment, concentrate fragmented cultivation area and create reasonable incentives for preserving and restoring of ES and increasing farmers&rsquo income together, which then can enhance the positive outcomes from income growth. perceptions. Therefore, it is necessary to strengthen farmers&rsquo

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    Authors: Henry C. Bittig; Arne Körtzinger;

    Abstract. Oxygen optode measurements on floats and gliders suffer from a slow time response and sensors that are or eventually run out of calibration. Based on two dual-O2 Argo floats, we show how to post-correct for the effect of the optode’s time response and give an update on optode in-situ drift stability and in-air calibration. Both floats are equipped with an unpumped Aanderaa 4330 optode and a pumped Sea-Bird SBE63 optode. Response times for the pumped SBE63 were derived after Bittig et al. (2014). Also their methods were used to correct the time response bias. Using both optodes on each float, the time response regime of the unpumped Aanderaa optode was characterized more accurately than previously possible. Response times for the pumped SBE63 are in the range of 25–40 s, while they are between 60–95 s for the unpumped 4330 optode. Our parameterization can be employed to post-correct the slow optode time response on floats and gliders. After correction, both sensors agree to within 2–3 μmol kg−1 (median difference) in the strongest gradients (120 μmol kg−1 change over 8 minutes or 20 dbar) and better elsewhere. However, time response correction is only possible if measurement times are known, i.e., provided by the platform as well as transmitted and stored with the data. The O2 in-air measurements show a significant in-situ optode drift of −0.4 % yr−1 and −0.2 % yr−1, respectively. Optode in-air measurements are systematically biased high during mid-day surfacings compared to dusk, dawn, and nighttime. While preference can be given to nighttime surfacings to avoid this in-air calibration bias, we suggest a parameterization of the daytime effect as function of the sun’s elevation to be able to use all data and to better constrain the result. Taking all effects into account, calibration factors have an uncertainty of 0.1 %. In addition, in-air calibration factors vary by 0.1–0.2 % when using different reanalysis models as reference. The overall accuracy that can be achieved following the proposed correction routines is <1 μmol kg−1.

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    https://doi.org/10.5194/os-201...
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    https://www.ocean-sci.net/13/1...
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    Authors: Kebir Mohammed Jemal; Marzhan Kabzhassarova; Ramazan Shaimkhanov; Dinara Dikhanbayeva; +3 Authors

    The construction sector has undergone several transformations to address adverse environmental, economic, and social impacts. The concept of the circular economy (CE) has transcended into this domain to solve the needs of construction amid resource constraints. Furthermore, advanced digital tools are being implemented across industries owing to the boost given by the fourth industrial revolution. This paper aims to develop a framework that investigates the effect of digital tools on CE implementation in the construction sector. The study is based on a three-step approach, where first, an initial framework design based on a systematic literature review was conducted. This is followed by framework optimization using semistructured interviews with experts and validation through a case study. This study resulted in the development of a new framework, which aims to investigate how advanced digital tools can be used in the construction sector to enhance CE implementation. The contribution of the present study is two-fold: (1) the integration (addressing existing research gap) of CE and digitalization concepts in the construction sector; (2) an investigation into the critical barriers, offering insights for construction practitioners.

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    Authors: Jiang; Chen;

    Global food security has been in a severe condition in recent years, especially in developing countries. These countries need sufficient investment to promote their agricultural development. At the same time, the increasing foreign investment in agriculture has aroused widespread concern in the international community. It is controversial whether it is conducive to the host country’s agriculture and social development. In order to study whether developing countries can promote food security by absorbing adequate and effective foreign agricultural investment, we use principal component analysis and select 135 countries (regions) as samples to construct an indicator system from three aspects: investment demand, investment environment and investment motivation. We use cross-section data consisting of the values of the most recent year updated for each indicator. The results show that the demand for foreign investment in developing countries is strong, but overall, it does not have much investment appeal and the investment environment is bad. There is a gap between the expectations and realities in societies in each developing country in terms of the introduction of foreign agricultural investment to promote food security. Governance and capacity building should be strengthened to reconcile their investment needs with investors’ motives. Meanwhile, more inclusive rules for foreign agricultural investment will help it to play its due role in developing countries.

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