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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Xin Yao; Yimin Chen; Rui Zhang; Yanchao Zhang; +1 Authors

    Mobile payment apps are seeing explosive usage worldwide. This paper focuses on Venmo, a very popular mobile person-to-person payment service owned by Paypal. Venmo allows money transfers between users with a mandatory transaction note. More than half of transaction records in Venmo are public information. In this paper, we propose a multilayer location inference (MLLI) technique to infer user locations from public transaction records in Venmo. MLLI explores two observations. First, many Venmo transaction notes contain implicit location cues. Second, the types and temporal patterns of user transactions have strong ties to their location closeness. With a large dataset of 2.12M users and 20.23M Venmo transaction records, we show that MLLI can identify the top-1, top-3, and top-5 possible locations for a Venmo user with accuracy up to 50%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. Our results highlight the danger of sharing transaction notes on Venmo or similar mobile payment apps.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
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    https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2...
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ https://doi.org/10.1...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2...
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: IEEE Copyright
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    Authors: Okhotin, Alexander; Reitwießner, Christian;

    Consider context-free grammars generating strings over a one-letter alphabet. For the membership problem for such grammars, stated as ''Given a grammar G and a string a^n, determine whether a^n is generated by G'', only a naive O(|G|@?n^2)-time algorithm is known. This paper develops a new algorithm solving this problem, which is based upon fast multiplication of integers, works in time |G|@?nlog^3n@?2^O^(^l^o^g^^^*^n^), and is applicable to context-free grammars augmented with Boolean operations, known as Boolean grammars. For unambiguous grammars, the running time of the algorithm is reduced to |G|@?nlog^2n@?2^O^(^l^o^g^^^*^n^). The algorithm is based upon (a simplification of) the online integer multiplication algorithm by Fischer and Stockmeyer [M.J. Fischer, L.J. Stockmeyer, Fast on-line integer multiplication, Journal of Computer and System Sciences 9 (3) (1974) 317-331].

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Theoretical Computer...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Theoretical Computer...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Silvana Diaz; Thomas Krohmer; Álvaro Moreira; Sebastián E. Godoy; +1 Authors

    We present an instrument based on commodity embedded hardware, that implements an automatic procedure for early skin-cancer screening using dynamic thermal imaging. The procedure leverages image segmentation in the visible range and real-time multimodal registration to compute the temperature recovery curve (TRC) of suspicious skin lesions using thermal infrared video. The instrument implements two algorithms that infer the malignancy of the lesion from the computed TRCs. The first algorithm assumes that the TRCs are deterministic and infers the malignancy from the distance between the TRC of the suspicious lesion and its surrounding skin, which is assumed to be healthy tissue. The second algorithm models the TRC of the lesion as a random process and uses detection theory to statistically infer its malignancy from the eigenfunctions and corresponding eigenvalues of its covariance function. We built a prototype of the instrument using a Raspberry Pi 3 model B+ board, which acquires a visible-range image of the lesion at the beginning of the procedure and performs image segmentation in 62ms. Operating on a 400×400-pixel region-of-interest within the infrared video, the board performs frame-by-frame multimodal image registration and generates the TRCs in real time at more than 37 frames per second, thus eliminating the need to store video data for off-line processing. The statistical detection algorithm, which yields the best results, runs in 1.07s at the end of the procedure, and achieves a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 95% on a dataset of 116 volunteer subjects.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IEEE Accessarrow_drop_down
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    IEEE Access
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    IEEE Access
    Article . 2019
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    IEEE Access
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2019
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      IEEE Access
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      IEEE Access
      Article . 2019
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      IEEE Access
      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2019
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Carmona Malatesta, Sergio; Molins i Borrell, Climent;

    Fiber reinforced shotcrete (FRS) is widely used for tunnel construction. However, the systematic control of FRS properties is hampered by the complexities of the experimental procedures used. The experiments are normally based on the load-deflection response obtained from flexural tests with third-point loading performed under displacement control. These types of tests are characterized by instability when the cracking load is reached and, subsequently, errors occur in the deflection measurements, increasing the dispersion of the results. An alternative test, the Barcelona test, has some experimental advantages for FRS control as the use of much smaller specimens, an easy procedure and a lower scatter. Using the mean crack opening, correlations were established between the Barcelona test and the flexure test to estimate the toughness and residual strengths at a deflection of 3.0 mm. Equivalences between the two tests were obtained based on the laboratory results and were validated based on work site results, with differences of less than 5% of the residual strength. These relationships and advantages have allowed the Barcelona test to be proposed to control the properties of the FRSs used in the Chuquicamata Underground (Chuquicamata Subterránea) Project developed by the mining company CODELCO-Chile. Peer Reviewed

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Construction and Building Materials
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Recolector de Cienci...arrow_drop_down
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      UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
      Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      Construction and Building Materials
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tomas Ariztia; Dorothea Kleine; Maria das Graças Brightwell; Nurjk Agloni; +2 Authors

    This paper presents the first findings of an ongoing multi-national research project between universities in Brazil, Chile and the UK funded by the UK Economic and Social Science Research Council (ESRC) and the Department for International Development (DFID). The Choices project seeks to analyse contextual understandings and practices of ethical consumption in Chile and Brazil. In a further step, it explores how ethical consumption and public procurement can be associated and used to foster sustainable development. The paper presents the outcomes of the first stage of the project, an extensive literature review considering the developing trends towards “ethical”, “sustainable”, “responsible” and “conscious” consumption in both countries. Chile and Brazil are former developing countries, and although they both now have growing ethical consumption movements, we argue that these are shaped by the specificities of each country's political, economic and institutional trajectories. In one case, Chile, ethical consumption has arisen from market forces, with lead actors being companies, consultancies and citizen and consumer organizations. Brazil, on the other hand, provides also a very interesting case for studying how ethical consumption is embedded in another Latin American context: it has a larger state sector and a domestic market size to give the state, and thus the consecutive centre-left governments, great regulatory power, since it can control firms' access to this market. Both cases showed the increasing role of corporate social responsibility discourses and practices interfacing with concepts of ethical consumption. As a consequence, the paper identifies a risk of firstly, “greenwash” and “whitewash” by large companies and secondly, of having small producers struggling to market their products.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Journal of Cleaner P...arrow_drop_down
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    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Alessandro Gallo; Elisa Alonso; Carlos Pérez-Rábago; Edward Fuentealba; +1 Authors

    Rotary kilns are worldwide used for industrial processes that involve thermal treatments of particulate materials. However, a great amount of fossil fuels is employed in such processes. As alternative, solar rotary kilns are considered for this application due to their versatility and potential to substitute traditional fossil-fuel driven devices. In order to boost the development of this technology, efforts have to be focused on the control of the particle temperature during the treatment. In this context, a lab-scale rotary kiln was built and tested using a 7- kWe high-flux solar simulator at University of Antofagasta. It was conceived to treat particulate materials of different nature and it is able to reach temperatures higher than 800 °C under different operation strategies. Silicon carbide was selected for initial tests because it is inert, endures high temperatures (up to 1600 °C) and it has been proposed as thermal storage vector in several researches on concentrated solar power. In a first stage, the empty kiln was preheated up to about 800 °C, reaching a steady state in less than three hours and with a power of approximately 370 W entering the kiln cavity. Afterwards, 43 g of silicon carbide were introduced in the furnace and the system was heated again up to a second steady state above 800 °C. In this stage, particles showed a fast increment of their temperature and exceeded 700 °C in less than three minutes after loading. A one-dimensional transient numerical model was also developed to perform the thermal analysis of the kiln and the estimation of both the particle temperature and the system efficiency. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data and thermal losses could be quantified in detail. Therefore, the model was also used to predict the thermal behavior of a solar rotary kiln working in batch mode. The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the FONDECYT project number 3150026 of CONICYT (Chile), the Education Ministry of Chile Grant PMI ANT 1201, as well as CONICYT/ FONDAP/15110019 “Solar Energy Research Center” SERC-Chile. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Sectorial Fund CONACYT-SENER-Energy Sustainability, through grant 207450, Mexican Center for Innovation in Solar Energy (CeMIE-Sol), whithin strategic project P-10 “Solar Fuels and Industrial Processes” (COSOLpi). Special thanks go to the students Lou Cardinale, Rodrigo Méndez, and Daniel Vidal who gave a precious contribution during the experimental trials at LaCoSA of University of Antofagasta.

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    Authors: J.E. Mendoza; M.E. Lopez; Carlos A. Coello Coello; E.A. Lopez;

    This study proposes and applies an evolutionary-based approach for multiobjective reconfiguration in electrical power distribution networks. In this model, two types of indicators of power quality are minimised: (i) power system's losses and (ii) reliability indices. Four types of reliability indices are considered. A microgenetic algorithm ('GA) is used to handle the reconfiguration problem as a multiobjective optimisation problem with competing and non-commensurable objectives. In this context, experiments have been conducted on two standard test systems and a real network. Such problems characterise typical distribution systems taking into consideration several factors associated with the practical operation of medium voltage electrical power networks. The results show the ability of the proposed approach to generate well-distributed Pareto optimal solutions to the multiobjective reconfiguration problem. In the systems adopted for assessment purposes, our proposed approach was able to find the entire Pareto front. Furthermore, better performance indexes were found in comparison to the Pareto envelope-based selection algorithm 2 (PESA 2) technique, which is another well-known multiobjective evolutionary algorithm available in the specialised literature. From a practical point of view, the results established, in general, that a compact trade-off region exists between the power losses and the reliability indices. This means that the proposed approach can recommend to the decision maker a small set of possible solutions in order to select from them the most suitable radial topology.

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    IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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      IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
      Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Castillo,Manuel; Hawes,Gustavo; Castillo,Silvana; Romero,Luis; +3 Authors

    This paper reports the reflections of a group of members of the University of Chile Faculty of Medicine, about the changes in teaching methods that medical schools should incorporate. In a complex scenario, not only new and better knowledge should be transmitted to students but also values, principles, critical reasoning and leadership, among others. In the first part, a proposal to understand this educational development in the context of complex universities, incorporating pedagogical skills and reviewing institutional leadership, is carried out. In the second part, the training of teaching physicians, as part of the changes, is extensively discussed. Physicians hired as academics in the University should have the opportunity to work mainly as teachers and be relieved of research obligations. For them, teaching should become a legitimate area of academic development.

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    Revista Médica de Chile
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      Revista Médica de Chile
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Carolina Saavedra; Rodrigo Salas Fuentes;

    Based on similarity measures in the wavelet domain under a multichannel EEG setting, two new methods are developed for single-trial event-related potential (ERP) detection. The first method, named “multichannel EEG thresholding by similarity” (METS), simultaneously denoises all of the information recorded by the channels. The second approach, named “semblance-based ERP window selection” (SEWS), presents two versions to automatically localize the ERP in time for each subject to reduce the time window to be analysed by removing useless features. We empirically show that when these methods are used independently, they are suitable for ERP denoising and feature extraction. Meanwhile, the combination of both methods obtains better results compared to using them independently. The denoising algorithm was compared with classic thresholding methods based on wavelets and was found to obtain better results, which shows its suitability for ERP processing. The combination of the two algorithms for denoising the signals and selecting the time window has been compared to xDAWN, which is an efficient algorithm to enhance ERPs. We conclude that our wavelet-based semblance method performs better than xDAWN for single-trial detection in the presence of artifacts or noise.

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    Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience; OpenAPC Global Initiative
    Article . Conference object . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience; OpenAPC Global Initiative
      Article . Conference object . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Stehlik, Milan; Somorcik, Jan; Strelec, Lubos; Antoch, Jaromir;

    Abstract In this paper we give a partial response to one of the most important statistical questions, namely, what optimal statistical decisions are and how they are related to (statistical) information theory. We exemplify the necessity of understanding the structure of information divergences and their approximations, which may in particular be understood through deconvolution. Deconvolution of information divergences is illustrated in the exponential family of distributions, leading to the optimal tests in the Bahadur sense. We provide a new approximation of I-divergences using the Fourier transformation, saddle point approximation, and uniform convergence of the Euler polygons. Uniform approximation of deconvoluted parts of I-divergences is also discussed. Our approach is illustrated on a real data example.

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    Authors: Xin Yao; Yimin Chen; Rui Zhang; Yanchao Zhang; +1 Authors

    Mobile payment apps are seeing explosive usage worldwide. This paper focuses on Venmo, a very popular mobile person-to-person payment service owned by Paypal. Venmo allows money transfers between users with a mandatory transaction note. More than half of transaction records in Venmo are public information. In this paper, we propose a multilayer location inference (MLLI) technique to infer user locations from public transaction records in Venmo. MLLI explores two observations. First, many Venmo transaction notes contain implicit location cues. Second, the types and temporal patterns of user transactions have strong ties to their location closeness. With a large dataset of 2.12M users and 20.23M Venmo transaction records, we show that MLLI can identify the top-1, top-3, and top-5 possible locations for a Venmo user with accuracy up to 50%, 80%, and 90%, respectively. Our results highlight the danger of sharing transaction notes on Venmo or similar mobile payment apps.

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    https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2...
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: IEEE Copyright
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      https://doi.org/10.1109/jiot.2...
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: IEEE Copyright
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    Authors: Okhotin, Alexander; Reitwießner, Christian;

    Consider context-free grammars generating strings over a one-letter alphabet. For the membership problem for such grammars, stated as ''Given a grammar G and a string a^n, determine whether a^n is generated by G'', only a naive O(|G|@?n^2)-time algorithm is known. This paper develops a new algorithm solving this problem, which is based upon fast multiplication of integers, works in time |G|@?nlog^3n@?2^O^(^l^o^g^^^*^n^), and is applicable to context-free grammars augmented with Boolean operations, known as Boolean grammars. For unambiguous grammars, the running time of the algorithm is reduced to |G|@?nlog^2n@?2^O^(^l^o^g^^^*^n^). The algorithm is based upon (a simplification of) the online integer multiplication algorithm by Fischer and Stockmeyer [M.J. Fischer, L.J. Stockmeyer, Fast on-line integer multiplication, Journal of Computer and System Sciences 9 (3) (1974) 317-331].

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    Authors: Silvana Diaz; Thomas Krohmer; Álvaro Moreira; Sebastián E. Godoy; +1 Authors

    We present an instrument based on commodity embedded hardware, that implements an automatic procedure for early skin-cancer screening using dynamic thermal imaging. The procedure leverages image segmentation in the visible range and real-time multimodal registration to compute the temperature recovery curve (TRC) of suspicious skin lesions using thermal infrared video. The instrument implements two algorithms that infer the malignancy of the lesion from the computed TRCs. The first algorithm assumes that the TRCs are deterministic and infers the malignancy from the distance between the TRC of the suspicious lesion and its surrounding skin, which is assumed to be healthy tissue. The second algorithm models the TRC of the lesion as a random process and uses detection theory to statistically infer its malignancy from the eigenfunctions and corresponding eigenvalues of its covariance function. We built a prototype of the instrument using a Raspberry Pi 3 model B+ board, which acquires a visible-range image of the lesion at the beginning of the procedure and performs image segmentation in 62ms. Operating on a 400×400-pixel region-of-interest within the infrared video, the board performs frame-by-frame multimodal image registration and generates the TRCs in real time at more than 37 frames per second, thus eliminating the need to store video data for off-line processing. The statistical detection algorithm, which yields the best results, runs in 1.07s at the end of the procedure, and achieves a sensitivity of 98% and a specificity of 95% on a dataset of 116 volunteer subjects.

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    Authors: Carmona Malatesta, Sergio; Molins i Borrell, Climent;

    Fiber reinforced shotcrete (FRS) is widely used for tunnel construction. However, the systematic control of FRS properties is hampered by the complexities of the experimental procedures used. The experiments are normally based on the load-deflection response obtained from flexural tests with third-point loading performed under displacement control. These types of tests are characterized by instability when the cracking load is reached and, subsequently, errors occur in the deflection measurements, increasing the dispersion of the results. An alternative test, the Barcelona test, has some experimental advantages for FRS control as the use of much smaller specimens, an easy procedure and a lower scatter. Using the mean crack opening, correlations were established between the Barcelona test and the flexure test to estimate the toughness and residual strengths at a deflection of 3.0 mm. Equivalences between the two tests were obtained based on the laboratory results and were validated based on work site results, with differences of less than 5% of the residual strength. These relationships and advantages have allowed the Barcelona test to be proposed to control the properties of the FRSs used in the Chuquicamata Underground (Chuquicamata Subterránea) Project developed by the mining company CODELCO-Chile. Peer Reviewed

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    UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Construction and Building Materials
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      UPCommons. Portal del coneixement obert de la UPC
      Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Construction and Building Materials
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    Authors: Tomas Ariztia; Dorothea Kleine; Maria das Graças Brightwell; Nurjk Agloni; +2 Authors

    This paper presents the first findings of an ongoing multi-national research project between universities in Brazil, Chile and the UK funded by the UK Economic and Social Science Research Council (ESRC) and the Department for International Development (DFID). The Choices project seeks to analyse contextual understandings and practices of ethical consumption in Chile and Brazil. In a further step, it explores how ethical consumption and public procurement can be associated and used to foster sustainable development. The paper presents the outcomes of the first stage of the project, an extensive literature review considering the developing trends towards “ethical”, “sustainable”, “responsible” and “conscious” consumption in both countries. Chile and Brazil are former developing countries, and although they both now have growing ethical consumption movements, we argue that these are shaped by the specificities of each country's political, economic and institutional trajectories. In one case, Chile, ethical consumption has arisen from market forces, with lead actors being companies, consultancies and citizen and consumer organizations. Brazil, on the other hand, provides also a very interesting case for studying how ethical consumption is embedded in another Latin American context: it has a larger state sector and a domestic market size to give the state, and thus the consecutive centre-left governments, great regulatory power, since it can control firms' access to this market. Both cases showed the increasing role of corporate social responsibility discourses and practices interfacing with concepts of ethical consumption. As a consequence, the paper identifies a risk of firstly, “greenwash” and “whitewash” by large companies and secondly, of having small producers struggling to market their products.

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    Journal of Cleaner Production
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Cleaner Production
      Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Alessandro Gallo; Elisa Alonso; Carlos Pérez-Rábago; Edward Fuentealba; +1 Authors

    Rotary kilns are worldwide used for industrial processes that involve thermal treatments of particulate materials. However, a great amount of fossil fuels is employed in such processes. As alternative, solar rotary kilns are considered for this application due to their versatility and potential to substitute traditional fossil-fuel driven devices. In order to boost the development of this technology, efforts have to be focused on the control of the particle temperature during the treatment. In this context, a lab-scale rotary kiln was built and tested using a 7- kWe high-flux solar simulator at University of Antofagasta. It was conceived to treat particulate materials of different nature and it is able to reach temperatures higher than 800 °C under different operation strategies. Silicon carbide was selected for initial tests because it is inert, endures high temperatures (up to 1600 °C) and it has been proposed as thermal storage vector in several researches on concentrated solar power. In a first stage, the empty kiln was preheated up to about 800 °C, reaching a steady state in less than three hours and with a power of approximately 370 W entering the kiln cavity. Afterwards, 43 g of silicon carbide were introduced in the furnace and the system was heated again up to a second steady state above 800 °C. In this stage, particles showed a fast increment of their temperature and exceeded 700 °C in less than three minutes after loading. A one-dimensional transient numerical model was also developed to perform the thermal analysis of the kiln and the estimation of both the particle temperature and the system efficiency. Numerical results showed good agreement with experimental data and thermal losses could be quantified in detail. Therefore, the model was also used to predict the thermal behavior of a solar rotary kiln working in batch mode. The authors acknowledge the financial support provided by the FONDECYT project number 3150026 of CONICYT (Chile), the Education Ministry of Chile Grant PMI ANT 1201, as well as CONICYT/ FONDAP/15110019 “Solar Energy Research Center” SERC-Chile. The authors also gratefully acknowledge the financial support received from the Sectorial Fund CONACYT-SENER-Energy Sustainability, through grant 207450, Mexican Center for Innovation in Solar Energy (CeMIE-Sol), whithin strategic project P-10 “Solar Fuels and Industrial Processes” (COSOLpi). Special thanks go to the students Lou Cardinale, Rodrigo Méndez, and Daniel Vidal who gave a precious contribution during the experimental trials at LaCoSA of University of Antofagasta.

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    Authors: J.E. Mendoza; M.E. Lopez; Carlos A. Coello Coello; E.A. Lopez;

    This study proposes and applies an evolutionary-based approach for multiobjective reconfiguration in electrical power distribution networks. In this model, two types of indicators of power quality are minimised: (i) power system's losses and (ii) reliability indices. Four types of reliability indices are considered. A microgenetic algorithm ('GA) is used to handle the reconfiguration problem as a multiobjective optimisation problem with competing and non-commensurable objectives. In this context, experiments have been conducted on two standard test systems and a real network. Such problems characterise typical distribution systems taking into consideration several factors associated with the practical operation of medium voltage electrical power networks. The results show the ability of the proposed approach to generate well-distributed Pareto optimal solutions to the multiobjective reconfiguration problem. In the systems adopted for assessment purposes, our proposed approach was able to find the entire Pareto front. Furthermore, better performance indexes were found in comparison to the Pareto envelope-based selection algorithm 2 (PESA 2) technique, which is another well-known multiobjective evolutionary algorithm available in the specialised literature. From a practical point of view, the results established, in general, that a compact trade-off region exists between the power losses and the reliability indices. This means that the proposed approach can recommend to the decision maker a small set of possible solutions in order to select from them the most suitable radial topology.

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    IET Generation, Transmission & Distribution
    Article . 2009 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Castillo,Manuel; Hawes,Gustavo; Castillo,Silvana; Romero,Luis; +3 Authors

    This paper reports the reflections of a group of members of the University of Chile Faculty of Medicine, about the changes in teaching methods that medical schools should incorporate. In a complex scenario, not only new and better knowledge should be transmitted to students but also values, principles, critical reasoning and leadership, among others. In the first part, a proposal to understand this educational development in the context of complex universities, incorporating pedagogical skills and reviewing institutional leadership, is carried out. In the second part, the training of teaching physicians, as part of the changes, is extensively discussed. Physicians hired as academics in the University should have the opportunity to work mainly as teachers and be relieved of research obligations. For them, teaching should become a legitimate area of academic development.

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    Revista Médica de Chile
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    Revista Médica de Chile
    Article . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Carolina Saavedra; Rodrigo Salas Fuentes;

    Based on similarity measures in the wavelet domain under a multichannel EEG setting, two new methods are developed for single-trial event-related potential (ERP) detection. The first method, named “multichannel EEG thresholding by similarity” (METS), simultaneously denoises all of the information recorded by the channels. The second approach, named “semblance-based ERP window selection” (SEWS), presents two versions to automatically localize the ERP in time for each subject to reduce the time window to be analysed by removing useless features. We empirically show that when these methods are used independently, they are suitable for ERP denoising and feature extraction. Meanwhile, the combination of both methods obtains better results compared to using them independently. The denoising algorithm was compared with classic thresholding methods based on wavelets and was found to obtain better results, which shows its suitability for ERP processing. The combination of the two algorithms for denoising the signals and selecting the time window has been compared to xDAWN, which is an efficient algorithm to enhance ERPs. We conclude that our wavelet-based semblance method performs better than xDAWN for single-trial detection in the presence of artifacts or noise.

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    Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience; OpenAPC Global Initiative
    Article . Conference object . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience; OpenAPC Global Initiative
      Article . Conference object . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Stehlik, Milan; Somorcik, Jan; Strelec, Lubos; Antoch, Jaromir;

    Abstract In this paper we give a partial response to one of the most important statistical questions, namely, what optimal statistical decisions are and how they are related to (statistical) information theory. We exemplify the necessity of understanding the structure of information divergences and their approximations, which may in particular be understood through deconvolution. Deconvolution of information divergences is illustrated in the exponential family of distributions, leading to the optimal tests in the Bahadur sense. We provide a new approximation of I-divergences using the Fourier transformation, saddle point approximation, and uniform convergence of the Euler polygons. Uniform approximation of deconvoluted parts of I-divergences is also discussed. Our approach is illustrated on a real data example.

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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Mathematica Slovaca;...arrow_drop_down
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