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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: B Gjunsburgs; V Bulankina;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IOP Conference Serie...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ IOP Conference Serie...arrow_drop_down
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      IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Tretjakova, Rasma; Karpovičs, Andris;

    Our research is focused on sedimentological conditions and postdepositional changes of recent fine grained lake sediments. We used bulk sediment mineralogical composition and grain size distribution as indicators to identify sediment source areas and possible changes during Holocene. We analysed fine grained (clayey) sediments from three Latgale lakes - Zeili, Pauguļi and Plusons, situated in Latgale upland. Lake sediments cover Late Pleistocene glacial deposits – loam and sandy loam. Bulk mineral composition of 6 sediment samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sediments contained typical minerals found in surrounding glacial sediments: rock-forming minerals as quartz, plagioclase, albite, enstatite, dolomite, calcite, and clay minerals - illite, kaolinite. To identify postdepositional changes in lake sediments of Holocene age clay minerals in clay fraction (<2 mkm) should be analysed. Particularly illite, smectite mixed layered minerals - illite/smectite (I/Sm) and chlorite. Additionally, grain size distribution of studied lake sediments was analysed. Accordingly, our studied sediments are clays, silty clays and clayey silts with bimodal particle distribution, except two samples from Zeiļi and Plusons with unimodal distribution.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Environment. Technol...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Environment. Technol...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Netcele, Beatrise;

    Bakalaura darbā „Gaisa kvalitātes novērtējums Balvos ar lihenoindikācijas metodi” tiek apkopots materiāls par gaisa piesārņojuma pakāpi, to veidiem un ietekmējošiem faktoriem Balvu pilsētā, kā arī ķērpju vispārīgu raksturojumu un metodēm, kas tiek pielietotas bioindikācijā. Darbā tika novērtēta Balvu pilsētas gaisa kvalitāte ar 5 ķērpju indikatorsugām, kas tika izmantotās kā bioindikatori. Pilsētas teritorija tika iedalīta 26 kvadrātos. Lielākajā pilsētas teritorijā ir zems gaisa piesārņojums- 45%, tīrs gaiss ir 40% un vidējs gaisa piesārņojums - 15%. In the bachelor work “Assessment of air quality in Balvi with lichenoindication method” is summarized the material of the air pollution degree, types and factors who affects it at Balvi, as well as the general characteristics of lichens and methods who are used in bioindication. Evalution of air quality of Balvi is used with five lichen species who has used like bioindikators. The city has divided in 26 squares. In the biggest city territory is low air pollution level - 45%, clean air - 40% and average air pollution level - 15%.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ E-resource repositor...arrow_drop_down
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Wincenty Lotko; Ruslans Smigins; Dimitrios Tziourtzioumis; Milena Górska;

    The purpose of the study was the research concerning the emissions of limited exhaust gas components of the AVL research engine equipped with Common Rail injection system, fuelled with different biodiesel blends and diesel fuel as reference. In details, the engine was powered with mixtures of rapeseed methyl esters (RME) with DF in the volumetric ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50. The tests were performed at: 1200, 1700 and 2200 rpm and the torque T = 5…35 Nm (step 5 Nm). The analysis of the obtained results showed that the emissions of hydrocarbons (HC) from the tested engine fuelled with biodiesel are lower than that of diesel fuel. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are also lower, except for low rotational speeds and low engine load T = 5…20 Nm. As for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, it is also lower than that for the diesel fuel, except for high engine loads, in the range above 25 Nm, for each rotation speed of the engine load characteristics. Moreover, in this research it was confirmed that emission of particulate matter (PM) is also slightly reduced for the engine fuelled with tested blends.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Advances in Science ...arrow_drop_down
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    Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Advances in Science ...arrow_drop_down
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      Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Janis Krumins; Zhiping Yang; Qiang Zhang; Min Yan; +1 Authors

    Abstract Current coal industry causes significant environmental pollution and the most air pollution deaths in the world, making the development of new eco-friendly applications one of the top priorities. Coal contains up to 50 % humic substances (HS), the majority of which is humic acid (HA). HA is well known for its beneficial properties and thus compounds extracted from coal can be used to develop new applications. To address this issue, we assessed structural composition of coal HS by measuring their spectroscopic properties. As the result, obtained spectra can be used to identify information about the molecules and thus allowing describing the composition of HS. The purpose of this study was to identify HS properties of weathered coal in regards to finding new uses for this otherwise neglected natural resource. The results show that weathered coal contains relatively high oxygen content and indicate transformations of O-containing functional groups. Weathered coal has high amount of bioactive molecules as well as condensed aromatics. The major coal forming compounds are acridine, anthracene, perylene, tetracene and naphthalene and it does not depend upon where the study site is located.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
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    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Energy Procediaarrow_drop_down
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      Energy Procedia
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: V. M. Andruk; L. K. Pakuliak; I. Eglitis; Q. Yuldoshev; +9 Authors

    The plan of the photographic survey of thenorthern sky (FON) was proposed in 1976 in Golosiiv ob-servatory (now MAO NAS of Ukraine) by I. Kolchinskyand A. Onegina. The final project of the Compiled FONACcatalog (FON Astrographic Catalog) is based on the digitaldata of photographic plates exposed at four observatories.They are MAO NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Kitabastronomical observatory (Tashkent, Uzbekistan), Hissarastronomical observatory (Dushanbe, Tajikistan), and Bal-done observatory (Latvia)). The total amount of plates is5700. The result is expected to be the catalog of positionsand B-magnitudes of stars covered the declination areafrom -20 to 90 degrees. The estimated mean epoch of thecatalog is ~1987. The limiting B-magnitude is ~17.5 m . Thereference system for positions is Tycho-2. B-magnitudesare being obtained in the system of photoelectric standards.The resulted data of photometric reduction are corrected forthe photometric color equation in B magnitudes. The com-plement for the photometric content of the catalog is U andV magnitudes of stars being obtained from the processingof 5400 plates from the glass collection of 1.2 m Schmidttelescope in Baldone. Photometric data of bright stars withV < 8.5 m U, B,V magnitudes cannot be obtained from pho-tographic material, so those objects will gain photometricdata from photoelectric catalogs. The catalog will be com-plemented with proper motions from GAIA. План фотозйомки північного неба(ФОН) був запропонований у 1976 році в Голосіївськійобсерваторії (нині МАО НАН України) І. Колчинськимта А. Онєгіною. Остаточний проект каталогу складено-го FONAC (FON Astrographic Catalog) ґрунтується нацифрових даних фотопластинок, експонованих у чоти-рьох обсерваторіях: МАО НАН України (Київ, Украї-на), Кітабська астрономічна обсерваторія (Ташкент,Узбекистан), Гіссарська астрономічна обсерваторія(Душанбе, Таджикистан) та Балдонська обсерваторія(Латвія). Загальна кількість пластинок – 5700. В резуль-таті повинен бути створений каталог положень і B-величин зірок, який охоплюватиме область неба від -20до 90 градусів DEC. Орієнтовна середня епоха каталогу– 1987 рік. Гранична В-величина становить ~ 17,5 m .Опорною системою є Tycho-2. В-величини визначають-ся у системі фотоелектричних стандартів. Отриманідані фотометричної редукції коригуються за фотомет-ричне рівняння кольору у величинах B. Доповненнямдля фотометричного вмісту каталогу є величини U та Vзірок, отримані при обробці 5400 пластинок 1,2 м теле-скопа Шмідта в Балдоне. Фотометричні дані яскравихзірок з величиною V <8,5 m U, B, V не можуть бути ви-значені з фотоматеріалу, тому ці об'єкти отримувати-муть фотометричні дані з фотоелектричних каталогів.Каталог буде доповнений власними рухами з GAIA.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Odessa Astronomical ...arrow_drop_down
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    Odessa Astronomical Publications
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    Odessa Astronomical Publications
    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Odessa Astronomical Publications
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      Odessa Astronomical Publications
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Veinbergs, Ints;
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    Authors: Vilnis Frishfelds; Vilnis Frishfelds; Juris Sennikovs; Uldis Bethers; +2 Authors

    This study investigates a water transport features by extending Copernicus Marine Environment Service (CMEMS) to the Liepaja coast-port-channel-lake system with a two-way nested model. The Liepaja lake and Liepaja port are connected by Trade channel. The Liepaja port has three gates—the openings in wave breakers connecting the port aquatory with the Baltic sea. Each of gates has a corresponding dredged channel for securing the navigation. A hydrodynamic model is set up to study the flow and water level in this system. The area of the port gates, port and Trade channel are resolved by 33 m grid. The model results are verified against currents and sea level observations inside/outside port, Trade channel and Liepaja lake. Results and observations show that strong currents occur in the Trade channel in case of rapid sea level change in Baltic sea despite the Trade channel is rather shallow at the connection with Liepaja lake. The northern part of the Liepaja lake gets filled with brackish water during storm surge events. The channel has notable alternating current also during a relatively calm weather due to the port seiches. Long and narrow shape of the channel implies the Helmholtz type oscillations between the lake and the port with a period in approximately semidiurnal range. Hydrodynamic simulations describe well these oscillations but the phase of hourly scale oscillations in the port may differ in case of weak external forcing. Water exchange is significantly increased by the transit (gate to gate) sea currents. This transit flow usually occurs between South or Central gate and the North gate carrying sea water into the port. Northward flow of the surface layer is more characteristic in the port aquatory due the prevailing south-western winds. There are intense morphological processes at the coastline and underwater slope near the Liepaja port due to a sandy western coastline of Latvia, long fetch of the waves and strong currents at the port gates. Liepaja port is one of the Latvian ports in HywasPort operational service of hydrodynamics, waves and siltation.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Marine ...arrow_drop_down
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    Frontiers in Marine Science
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2021
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Frontiers in Marine ...arrow_drop_down
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      Frontiers in Marine Science
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Andrius Baltrušaitis; Audrius Vaitkus; Juris Smirnovs;

    The assurance of asphalt pavement layer compaction, expressed by ratio between field and laboratory bulk density and air voids content, is one of the main criteria of the durability of asphalt road pavement. Destructive measures should be applied and cores should be taken from the asphalt pavement seeking to determine the representative compaction level of the constructed asphalt layers. New methods are constantly being sought for fast, non-destructive and accurate asphalt layer density and air void determination on road. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) can allow determining the qualitative characteristics of asphalt pavement across the entire length of the road without causing damage to the road structure. Relative dielectric permittivity, usually called dielectric value or constant, is the leading property used in GPR applications on road pavement surveys. This article presents GPR measurement results from asphalt base and binder layers of four test sections. GPR measurements were conducted immediately after the end of asphalt layer compaction process. Test points on each layer were selected and density, air void content were determined by drilling cores and testing them in the laboratory. To estimate asphalt layer density and air void content, GPR data were analysed using different existing mathematical models. To justify the reliability of the data measured by GPR, results were checked by comparing them with the results measured directly on cores taken from the asphalt pavement layers.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Baltic Journal of Ro...arrow_drop_down
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    Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Maria-Viola Martikainen; Teemu J. Rönkkö; Bianca Schaub; Martin Täubel; +8 Authors

    AbstractBackgroundStudies conducted in farm environments suggest that diverse microbial exposure promotes children's lung health. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, and the development of asthma‐preventive strategies has been delayed. More comprehensive investigation of the environment‐induced immunoregulation is required for better understanding of asthma pathogenesis and prevention. Exposure to air pollution, including particulate matter (PM), is a risk factor for asthma, thus providing an excellent counterpoint for the farm‐effect research. Lack of comparable data, however, complicates interpretation of the existing information. We aimed to explore the immunoregulatory effects of cattle farm dust (protective, Finland) and urban air PM (high‐risk, China) for the first time using identical research methods.MethodsWe stimulated PBMCs of 4‐year‐old children (N = 18) with farm dust and size‐segregated PM and assessed the expression of immune receptors CD80 and ILT4 on dendritic cells and monocytes as well as cytokine production of PBMCs. Environmental samples were analysed for their composition.ResultsFarm dust increased the percentage of cells expressing CD80 and the cytokine production of children's immune cells, whereas PM inhibited the expression of important receptors and the production of soluble mediators. Although PM samples induced parallel immune reactions, the size‐fraction determined the strength of the effects.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the significance of using the same research framework when disentangling shared and distinctive immune pathways operating in different environments. Observed stimulatory effects of farm dust and inhibitory effects of PM could shape responses towards respiratory pathogens and allergens, and partly explain differences in asthma prevalence between studied environments.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Pediatric Allergy an...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: B Gjunsburgs; V Bulankina;
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    IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      IOP Conference Series : Materials Science and Engineering
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    Authors: Tretjakova, Rasma; Karpovičs, Andris;

    Our research is focused on sedimentological conditions and postdepositional changes of recent fine grained lake sediments. We used bulk sediment mineralogical composition and grain size distribution as indicators to identify sediment source areas and possible changes during Holocene. We analysed fine grained (clayey) sediments from three Latgale lakes - Zeili, Pauguļi and Plusons, situated in Latgale upland. Lake sediments cover Late Pleistocene glacial deposits – loam and sandy loam. Bulk mineral composition of 6 sediment samples was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD). Sediments contained typical minerals found in surrounding glacial sediments: rock-forming minerals as quartz, plagioclase, albite, enstatite, dolomite, calcite, and clay minerals - illite, kaolinite. To identify postdepositional changes in lake sediments of Holocene age clay minerals in clay fraction (<2 mkm) should be analysed. Particularly illite, smectite mixed layered minerals - illite/smectite (I/Sm) and chlorite. Additionally, grain size distribution of studied lake sediments was analysed. Accordingly, our studied sediments are clays, silty clays and clayey silts with bimodal particle distribution, except two samples from Zeiļi and Plusons with unimodal distribution.

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    Authors: Netcele, Beatrise;

    Bakalaura darbā „Gaisa kvalitātes novērtējums Balvos ar lihenoindikācijas metodi” tiek apkopots materiāls par gaisa piesārņojuma pakāpi, to veidiem un ietekmējošiem faktoriem Balvu pilsētā, kā arī ķērpju vispārīgu raksturojumu un metodēm, kas tiek pielietotas bioindikācijā. Darbā tika novērtēta Balvu pilsētas gaisa kvalitāte ar 5 ķērpju indikatorsugām, kas tika izmantotās kā bioindikatori. Pilsētas teritorija tika iedalīta 26 kvadrātos. Lielākajā pilsētas teritorijā ir zems gaisa piesārņojums- 45%, tīrs gaiss ir 40% un vidējs gaisa piesārņojums - 15%. In the bachelor work “Assessment of air quality in Balvi with lichenoindication method” is summarized the material of the air pollution degree, types and factors who affects it at Balvi, as well as the general characteristics of lichens and methods who are used in bioindication. Evalution of air quality of Balvi is used with five lichen species who has used like bioindikators. The city has divided in 26 squares. In the biggest city territory is low air pollution level - 45%, clean air - 40% and average air pollution level - 15%.

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    Authors: Wincenty Lotko; Ruslans Smigins; Dimitrios Tziourtzioumis; Milena Górska;

    The purpose of the study was the research concerning the emissions of limited exhaust gas components of the AVL research engine equipped with Common Rail injection system, fuelled with different biodiesel blends and diesel fuel as reference. In details, the engine was powered with mixtures of rapeseed methyl esters (RME) with DF in the volumetric ratios of 10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40:60 and 50:50. The tests were performed at: 1200, 1700 and 2200 rpm and the torque T = 5…35 Nm (step 5 Nm). The analysis of the obtained results showed that the emissions of hydrocarbons (HC) from the tested engine fuelled with biodiesel are lower than that of diesel fuel. Carbon monoxide (CO) emissions are also lower, except for low rotational speeds and low engine load T = 5…20 Nm. As for nitrogen oxides (NOx) emissions, it is also lower than that for the diesel fuel, except for high engine loads, in the range above 25 Nm, for each rotation speed of the engine load characteristics. Moreover, in this research it was confirmed that emission of particulate matter (PM) is also slightly reduced for the engine fuelled with tested blends.

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    Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal
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      Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal
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    Authors: Janis Krumins; Zhiping Yang; Qiang Zhang; Min Yan; +1 Authors

    Abstract Current coal industry causes significant environmental pollution and the most air pollution deaths in the world, making the development of new eco-friendly applications one of the top priorities. Coal contains up to 50 % humic substances (HS), the majority of which is humic acid (HA). HA is well known for its beneficial properties and thus compounds extracted from coal can be used to develop new applications. To address this issue, we assessed structural composition of coal HS by measuring their spectroscopic properties. As the result, obtained spectra can be used to identify information about the molecules and thus allowing describing the composition of HS. The purpose of this study was to identify HS properties of weathered coal in regards to finding new uses for this otherwise neglected natural resource. The results show that weathered coal contains relatively high oxygen content and indicate transformations of O-containing functional groups. Weathered coal has high amount of bioactive molecules as well as condensed aromatics. The major coal forming compounds are acridine, anthracene, perylene, tetracene and naphthalene and it does not depend upon where the study site is located.

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    Energy Procedia
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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      Energy Procedia
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: V. M. Andruk; L. K. Pakuliak; I. Eglitis; Q. Yuldoshev; +9 Authors

    The plan of the photographic survey of thenorthern sky (FON) was proposed in 1976 in Golosiiv ob-servatory (now MAO NAS of Ukraine) by I. Kolchinskyand A. Onegina. The final project of the Compiled FONACcatalog (FON Astrographic Catalog) is based on the digitaldata of photographic plates exposed at four observatories.They are MAO NAS of Ukraine (Kyiv, Ukraine), Kitabastronomical observatory (Tashkent, Uzbekistan), Hissarastronomical observatory (Dushanbe, Tajikistan), and Bal-done observatory (Latvia)). The total amount of plates is5700. The result is expected to be the catalog of positionsand B-magnitudes of stars covered the declination areafrom -20 to 90 degrees. The estimated mean epoch of thecatalog is ~1987. The limiting B-magnitude is ~17.5 m . Thereference system for positions is Tycho-2. B-magnitudesare being obtained in the system of photoelectric standards.The resulted data of photometric reduction are corrected forthe photometric color equation in B magnitudes. The com-plement for the photometric content of the catalog is U andV magnitudes of stars being obtained from the processingof 5400 plates from the glass collection of 1.2 m Schmidttelescope in Baldone. Photometric data of bright stars withV < 8.5 m U, B,V magnitudes cannot be obtained from pho-tographic material, so those objects will gain photometricdata from photoelectric catalogs. The catalog will be com-plemented with proper motions from GAIA. План фотозйомки північного неба(ФОН) був запропонований у 1976 році в Голосіївськійобсерваторії (нині МАО НАН України) І. Колчинськимта А. Онєгіною. Остаточний проект каталогу складено-го FONAC (FON Astrographic Catalog) ґрунтується нацифрових даних фотопластинок, експонованих у чоти-рьох обсерваторіях: МАО НАН України (Київ, Украї-на), Кітабська астрономічна обсерваторія (Ташкент,Узбекистан), Гіссарська астрономічна обсерваторія(Душанбе, Таджикистан) та Балдонська обсерваторія(Латвія). Загальна кількість пластинок – 5700. В резуль-таті повинен бути створений каталог положень і B-величин зірок, який охоплюватиме область неба від -20до 90 градусів DEC. Орієнтовна середня епоха каталогу– 1987 рік. Гранична В-величина становить ~ 17,5 m .Опорною системою є Tycho-2. В-величини визначають-ся у системі фотоелектричних стандартів. Отриманідані фотометричної редукції коригуються за фотомет-ричне рівняння кольору у величинах B. Доповненнямдля фотометричного вмісту каталогу є величини U та Vзірок, отримані при обробці 5400 пластинок 1,2 м теле-скопа Шмідта в Балдоне. Фотометричні дані яскравихзірок з величиною V <8,5 m U, B, V не можуть бути ви-значені з фотоматеріалу, тому ці об'єкти отримувати-муть фотометричні дані з фотоелектричних каталогів.Каталог буде доповнений власними рухами з GAIA.

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    Odessa Astronomical Publications
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    Odessa Astronomical Publications
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      Odessa Astronomical Publications
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    Authors: Veinbergs, Ints;
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    Authors: Vilnis Frishfelds; Vilnis Frishfelds; Juris Sennikovs; Uldis Bethers; +2 Authors

    This study investigates a water transport features by extending Copernicus Marine Environment Service (CMEMS) to the Liepaja coast-port-channel-lake system with a two-way nested model. The Liepaja lake and Liepaja port are connected by Trade channel. The Liepaja port has three gates—the openings in wave breakers connecting the port aquatory with the Baltic sea. Each of gates has a corresponding dredged channel for securing the navigation. A hydrodynamic model is set up to study the flow and water level in this system. The area of the port gates, port and Trade channel are resolved by 33 m grid. The model results are verified against currents and sea level observations inside/outside port, Trade channel and Liepaja lake. Results and observations show that strong currents occur in the Trade channel in case of rapid sea level change in Baltic sea despite the Trade channel is rather shallow at the connection with Liepaja lake. The northern part of the Liepaja lake gets filled with brackish water during storm surge events. The channel has notable alternating current also during a relatively calm weather due to the port seiches. Long and narrow shape of the channel implies the Helmholtz type oscillations between the lake and the port with a period in approximately semidiurnal range. Hydrodynamic simulations describe well these oscillations but the phase of hourly scale oscillations in the port may differ in case of weak external forcing. Water exchange is significantly increased by the transit (gate to gate) sea currents. This transit flow usually occurs between South or Central gate and the North gate carrying sea water into the port. Northward flow of the surface layer is more characteristic in the port aquatory due the prevailing south-western winds. There are intense morphological processes at the coastline and underwater slope near the Liepaja port due to a sandy western coastline of Latvia, long fetch of the waves and strong currents at the port gates. Liepaja port is one of the Latvian ports in HywasPort operational service of hydrodynamics, waves and siltation.

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    Frontiers in Marine Science
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      Frontiers in Marine Science
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    Authors: Andrius Baltrušaitis; Audrius Vaitkus; Juris Smirnovs;

    The assurance of asphalt pavement layer compaction, expressed by ratio between field and laboratory bulk density and air voids content, is one of the main criteria of the durability of asphalt road pavement. Destructive measures should be applied and cores should be taken from the asphalt pavement seeking to determine the representative compaction level of the constructed asphalt layers. New methods are constantly being sought for fast, non-destructive and accurate asphalt layer density and air void determination on road. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) can allow determining the qualitative characteristics of asphalt pavement across the entire length of the road without causing damage to the road structure. Relative dielectric permittivity, usually called dielectric value or constant, is the leading property used in GPR applications on road pavement surveys. This article presents GPR measurement results from asphalt base and binder layers of four test sections. GPR measurements were conducted immediately after the end of asphalt layer compaction process. Test points on each layer were selected and density, air void content were determined by drilling cores and testing them in the laboratory. To estimate asphalt layer density and air void content, GPR data were analysed using different existing mathematical models. To justify the reliability of the data measured by GPR, results were checked by comparing them with the results measured directly on cores taken from the asphalt pavement layers.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Baltic Journal of Ro...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    DOAJ
    Article . 2020
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Baltic Journal of Ro...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      DOAJ
      Article . 2020
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Maria-Viola Martikainen; Teemu J. Rönkkö; Bianca Schaub; Martin Täubel; +8 Authors

    AbstractBackgroundStudies conducted in farm environments suggest that diverse microbial exposure promotes children's lung health. The underlying mechanisms are unclear, and the development of asthma‐preventive strategies has been delayed. More comprehensive investigation of the environment‐induced immunoregulation is required for better understanding of asthma pathogenesis and prevention. Exposure to air pollution, including particulate matter (PM), is a risk factor for asthma, thus providing an excellent counterpoint for the farm‐effect research. Lack of comparable data, however, complicates interpretation of the existing information. We aimed to explore the immunoregulatory effects of cattle farm dust (protective, Finland) and urban air PM (high‐risk, China) for the first time using identical research methods.MethodsWe stimulated PBMCs of 4‐year‐old children (N = 18) with farm dust and size‐segregated PM and assessed the expression of immune receptors CD80 and ILT4 on dendritic cells and monocytes as well as cytokine production of PBMCs. Environmental samples were analysed for their composition.ResultsFarm dust increased the percentage of cells expressing CD80 and the cytokine production of children's immune cells, whereas PM inhibited the expression of important receptors and the production of soluble mediators. Although PM samples induced parallel immune reactions, the size‐fraction determined the strength of the effects.ConclusionsOur study demonstrates the significance of using the same research framework when disentangling shared and distinctive immune pathways operating in different environments. Observed stimulatory effects of farm dust and inhibitory effects of PM could shape responses towards respiratory pathogens and allergens, and partly explain differences in asthma prevalence between studied environments.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Pediatric Allergy an...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Pediatric Allergy an...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
      Data sources: Crossref
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