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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Enescu, Bogdan; Ito, Kiyoshi;

    The b-value of the frequency-magnitude distribution and the parameters in the modified Omori law, describing the decay rate of aftershock activity, are investigated for more than 4000 aftershocks identified in the first four months after the Western Tottori earthquake (October 6, 2000). We used the JMA data catalog, containing aftershocks with magnitude larger than or equal to 2.0. The studied area is first divided into three areas: one region (A) corresponding to the main aftershock area and other two (B and C) corresponding to seismic activity probably triggered by the stress change caused by the main shock. For region A, the magnitude of completeness (Mc) decreases with time, from the largest value of 3.2 in the first two hours of the sequence, to 2.0, about four days after the main shock. Taking the threshold magnitude as 3.2, we estimated the b-value for the whole region A to be about 1.3 and p-value around 1. However, highly significant variations in both b and p values are found when analyzing their spatial distribution in region A. The seismic activity in the regions B and C started about 2.5 days after the main shock. The b-value for region B (Mc = 2) is 1.05. The decay rate of earthquake activity in Region B is well modeled by the modified Omori law and the p-value is found to be relatively low (0.83). The number of events in region C is too small for a meaningful study. The physical interpretation of the spatial variation of the parameters is not straight forward. However, the variation of b-value can be related to the stress distribution after the main shock, as well as the history of previous ruptures. Thus, the relatively low stress in the regions that have already experienced rupture is probably responsible for the larger value of b found in these areas. Regions with relatively low b-value, on the other hand, are probably regions under higher applied shear stress after the main shock. Alternatively, one can hypothesize that the areas that experienced slip are more fractured, favoring higher b-values. The larger p-values correlate well with the regions that experienced larger slip during the main shock, while small p-values are found generally in regions that have not ruptured recently. The variation of p-value can be related with the frictional heating produced during rupture. The crustal structure may explain some local features of b and p value spatial distribution. In order to verify our hypothesis we also analyzed the seismic activity that occurred before the Tottori earthquake, starting in 1978, using the data of DPRI, Kyoto University. It seems that the previous seismic activity associated with some moderate events in 1989, 1990 and 1997 had an influence on the following seismicity in the area—in particular on the spatial distribution of b and p values observed for the aftershocks of the Tottori earthquake. The aftershocks of the 1997 M5.5 earthquake have a larger p-value than previous aftershock sequences, while the b-value has a clear increase following the M5.5 event.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Earth, Planets and S...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Earth, Planets and S...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ionuş Oana;

    Abstract The present paper, with reference to the Motru catchment area, contributes to the hydrochemical studies at an international level and to the completion of the characteristics regarding the chemical flow in Romania. In this regard, it emphasizes once again the dependence between the content of dissolved salts (fixed residue — mg/l) on the one hand and the lithological conditions, human activity, flow and the surface of the catchments on the other hand. The calculation and the analysis of the chemical flow for the Motru catchment area (located in the south-west of Romania) was performed on the basis of two parameters: the average flow of dissolved chemical substances (mg/s) and specific average chemical flow (t/kmp year) recorded at the monitoring stations on the Motru River and its tributaries during the period 2005–2009. The values obtained (for example: 2.63 mg/s and 47.7 t/km2 year, at the Fata Motrului station, on the Motru River, in 2009) confirm the importance of the areal factors of natural background in the analysis of chemical flow as a morpho-dynamic process and implicitly for the chemical quality of surface waters.

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    Open Geosciences
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC ND
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      Open Geosciences
      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY NC ND
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ruxandra Bondarescu; Mihai Bondarescu; György Hetényi; Lapo Boschi; +2 Authors

    The geoid is the true physical figure of the Earth, a particular equipotential surface of the gravity field of the Earth that accounts for the effect of all subsurface density variations. Its shape approximates best (in the sense of least squares) the mean level of oceans, but the geoid is more difficult to determine over continents. Satellite missions carry out distance measurements and derive the gravity field to provide geoid maps over the entire globe. However, they require calibration and extensive computations including integration, which is a non-unique operation. Here we propose a direct method and a new tool that directly measures geopotential differences on continents using atomic clocks. General Relativity Theory predicts constant clock rate at sea level, and faster (resp. slower) clock rate above (resp. below) sea level. The technology of atomic clocks is on the doorstep of reaching an accuracy level in clock rate that is equivalent to 1 cm in determining equipotential surface (including geoid) height. We discuss the value and future applicability of such measurements including direct geoid mapping on continents, and joint gravity and geopotential surveying to invert for subsurface density anomalies. Our synthetic calculations show that the geoid perturbation caused by a 1.5 km radius sphere with 20% density anomaly buried at 2 km depth in the crust of the Earth is already detectable by atomic clocks of achievable accuracy. Therefore atomic clock geopotential surveys, used together with relative gravity data to benefit from their different depth sensitivities, can become a useful tool in mapping density anomalies within the Earth.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Geophysical Journal ...arrow_drop_down
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    Geophysical Journal International
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Geophysical Journal ...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Geophysical Journal International
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Vlad Codrea; Florina Diaconu;

    A mastodon tooth has been found at Husnicioara coal open pit, in Mehedinţi district (southwestern Romania). It originates from the Lower Pliocene (Dacian) gravel and sand deposits lying just above the coal bed IV, mined in this quarry. The tooth exposing zygodont features undoubtedly belongs to Mammut borsoni (“Borson’s mastodont”). Although this species is very common in the Pliocene vertebrate faunas from this part of Europe, until now it was missing from the Lower Pliocene (Dacian) assemblage’s lists in our country.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Studia Universitatis...arrow_drop_down
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    Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai: Geologia
    Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai: Geologia
    Article
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Studia Universitatis...arrow_drop_down
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      Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai: Geologia
      Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai: Geologia
      Article
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Mocanu, Gabriela-Raluca; Sandor, Bulcsu;

    The possibility that BL Lac S5 0716+714 exhibits a linear root mean square (rms)-flux relation in its IntraDay Variability (IDV) is analysed. The results may be used as an argument in the existing debate regarding the source of optical IDV in Active Galactic Nuclei. 63 time series in different optical bands were used. A linear rms-flux relation at a confidence level higher than 65% was recovered for less than 8% of the cases. We were able to check if the magnitude is log-normally distributed for eight timeseries and found, with a confidence > 95%, that this is not the case. Accepted by Astrophysics and Space Science

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Astrophysics and Spa...arrow_drop_down
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Astrophysics and Space Science
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2012
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Astrophysics and Space Science
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2012
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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    Authors: Cristian Panaiotu; Mădălina Vişan; A. Tugui; Ioan Seghedi; +1 Authors

    SUMMARY LavasofPliocene–QuaternaryageweresampledintheSouthHarghitaMountains,whichform the southern end of the Cu alimani–Gurghiu–Harghita volcanic chain of the East Carpathians. The analyses of 68 volcanic sites in the South Harghita Mountains provided 62 sites with well-constrained directional data (n > 5 and k > 50) in an age interval ranging from 0.5 to 4.3Ma. The age and polarity for the 62 sites (38 normal and 24 reversed) are consistent with the Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale and support the model of the southward migration of the volcanism. The distribution of the VGPs is Fisherian and the mean pole position, both from all contributing sites and from the 53 sites older than 2 Ma, includes the spin axis. This result is consistent with the absence of important vertical axis rotations after the emplacement of the volcanicrocksinagreementwithtectonicmodelsforthePliocene–Quaternaryevolutionofthe bending area of the East Carpathians. Virtual geomagnetic pole dispersions are consistently high compared with global values obtained between 40 and 55 ◦ N, but closer to the values obtained only from the Time Averaged geomagnetic Field Initiative studies for the same latitudinal band. Our data are compatible with the prediction of the statistical palaeosecular variationmodelTK03.Theinclinationanomalyislessthan1 ◦ inaccordwiththeTotalAverage Field global data. These palaeomagnetic data from the South Harghita volcanic rocks are the first data from the southeastern Europe which can be considered in the databases for time averaged field and palaeosecular variation from lavas analyses in the last 5 Ma.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Geophysical Journal ...arrow_drop_down
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    Geophysical Journal International
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      Geophysical Journal International
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: T, Dicu; B D, Burghele; D, Lupulescu; A, Cucos;

    In the present study, the contemporary indoor radon activity concentration and the surface-deposited 210Po activity were measured in 65 Romanian dwellings. The activity of trapped 210Po on the glass surface was measured using the (CR-LR) difference technique. The retrospective radon activity concentration estimated on the basis of age-adjusted 210Po activity was found to have a geometric mean of 318 Bq m-3, being higher than the geometric mean (250 Bq m-3) of the contemporary indoor radon measurements, measured with two types of track detectors (RSKS and Radtrak2®). By applying Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, a substantial strength of agreement (rC = 0.94) was obtained between RSKS and Radtrak2® results, respectively a poor agreement (rC = 0.71) between the retrospective and contemporary methods. The ratio between contemporary and retrospective radon concentrations has a geometric mean of 0.8 and range from 0.2 to 3.9.

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    Radiation Protection Dosimetry
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Radiation Protection Dosimetry
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Voicu Gheorghe; Lazea Mircea; Constantin Gabriel-Alexandru; Stefan Elena-Madalina; +1 Authors

    Vehicles that collect and transport household waste are equipped with complex systems that perform the loading of the waste from the stationary collection containers, take over and pre-compact of material, compaction in the body of the structure and finally the landfill of the collected waste. Of all these operations, the compaction process is by far the most mechanically demanding. In this paper, the structural analysis of the compactor plate from a garbage truck is presented. In the first stage it was carried out parametric modelling of the assembly composed of compactor plate, counter pressure plate, the back of the garbage truck and to be compacted material. After assembly, the dynamic simulation of the compaction process in the garbage truck was performed, and the compaction mechanical stresses for the compactor plate were loaded in the Simulation module of the SolidWorks 2016 program. Here the finite element analysis was performed, resulting in the value and dispersion of the equivalent stresses (calculated by von Mises criterion), displacements and relative deformations of compactor plate from the analysed garbage truck.

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    E3S Web of Conferences
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2020
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      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Wojciech Zgłobicki; Jean Poesen; Sofie De Geeter; John Boardman; +7 Authors

    Abstract Sunken lanes are roads or tracks, 2 m or more wide, that are incised at least 0.5 m, but often by several meters, below the general level of the surrounding land surface. They are formed by the passage of people, animals, vehicles and erosion by water and gravity. Although these anthropogenic landforms are quite common worldwide they received limited interest by the international scientific community. This comprehensive review analyzed all available information on their characteristics, development and functions in landscapes. Most research on sunken lanes has been conducted in Europe, whereas sunken lanes have been occasionally reported in other continents as well. Major topics addressed are spatial distribution, origin and development, morphology, erosion rates, hydrology, ecology, management, geotourism and research needs. Mean dimensions of sunken lanes reported for various regions vary widely: i.e. 30–2300 m for their length; 0.6–12.5 m for their depth and 2–36 m for their top width. Typical sunken lane densities in European regions (10 to 100 km2 large) characterized by such landforms range between 0.2 and 0.5 km km−2 but for smaller areas ( Sunken lane formation results from interactions between natural factors (i.e. lithology and soils, topography, climate, vegetation) and anthropogenic factors (i.e. traffic, land use and management). Rock type, weathering status and soil types control the erodibility of hillslope materials and hence the development and preservation of sunken lanes. Sunken lanes have been reported in several lithologies but most have been studied in loess regions. Sunken lanes, can be initiated at topographic landscape positions with a much lower slope gradient and corresponding contributing area than those needed to initiate classical gullies, due to the combined action of natural (i.e. concentrated flow erosion and mass movements) and anthropogenic processes (i.e. erosion by animal and human trampling, wheel traffic and digging). Once formed, medium to long-term average incision rates of unpaved bare sunken lanes are 1 to 5 cm year−1 often exceeding erosion rates on nearby cropland by at least one order of magnitude. Sunken lanes perform many functions in landscapes i.e. microclimatological, hydrological, geomorphological, ecological, transport, aesthetic, geotouristic, educational, scientific, strategic, and historical functions. Sunken lanes represent long-standing heritage of past agricultural landscapes and, taking into account their natural and cultural assets, justifies their protection. Unfortunately in several regions, sunken lanes are threatened by urban sprawl, agricultural intensification or land consolidation programs. It remains a challenge for environmental planners to conserve this characteristic geomorphosite for the Anthropocene and to reconcile its competing functions.

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    Lirias
    Article . 2021
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    Earth-Science Reviews
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Earth-Science Reviews
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Leonid Shumlyanskyy; Andrey Bekker; Iryna Tarasko; Ion Francovschi; +2 Authors

    We used LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data for detrital zircon to constrain the Maximum Depositional Age (MDA) and provenance of clastic sedimentary rocks of the Volyn-Orsha sedimentary basin, which filled an elongated (~625 × 250 km) depression in SW Baltica and attained ~900 m in thickness. Eighty-six zircons out of one hundred and three yielded concordant dates, with most of them (86%) falling in the time interval between 1655 ± 3 and 1044 ± 16 Ma and clustering in two peaks at ca. 1630 and 1230 Ma. The remaining zircons yielded dates older than 1800 Ma. The MDA is defined by a tight group of three zircons with a weighted mean age of 1079 ± 8 Ma. This age corresponds to the time of a ~90° clockwise rotation of Baltica and the formation of the Grenvillian—Sveconorwegian—Sunsas orogenic belts. Subsidence was facilitated by the presence of eclogites derived from subducted oceanic crust. The sediments of the Orsha sub-basin in the northeastern part of the basin were derived from the local crystalline basement, whereas the sediments in the Volyn sub-basin, extending to the margin of Baltica, were transported from the orogen between Laurentia, Baltica and Amazonia.

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    Geosciences
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Enescu, Bogdan; Ito, Kiyoshi;

    The b-value of the frequency-magnitude distribution and the parameters in the modified Omori law, describing the decay rate of aftershock activity, are investigated for more than 4000 aftershocks identified in the first four months after the Western Tottori earthquake (October 6, 2000). We used the JMA data catalog, containing aftershocks with magnitude larger than or equal to 2.0. The studied area is first divided into three areas: one region (A) corresponding to the main aftershock area and other two (B and C) corresponding to seismic activity probably triggered by the stress change caused by the main shock. For region A, the magnitude of completeness (Mc) decreases with time, from the largest value of 3.2 in the first two hours of the sequence, to 2.0, about four days after the main shock. Taking the threshold magnitude as 3.2, we estimated the b-value for the whole region A to be about 1.3 and p-value around 1. However, highly significant variations in both b and p values are found when analyzing their spatial distribution in region A. The seismic activity in the regions B and C started about 2.5 days after the main shock. The b-value for region B (Mc = 2) is 1.05. The decay rate of earthquake activity in Region B is well modeled by the modified Omori law and the p-value is found to be relatively low (0.83). The number of events in region C is too small for a meaningful study. The physical interpretation of the spatial variation of the parameters is not straight forward. However, the variation of b-value can be related to the stress distribution after the main shock, as well as the history of previous ruptures. Thus, the relatively low stress in the regions that have already experienced rupture is probably responsible for the larger value of b found in these areas. Regions with relatively low b-value, on the other hand, are probably regions under higher applied shear stress after the main shock. Alternatively, one can hypothesize that the areas that experienced slip are more fractured, favoring higher b-values. The larger p-values correlate well with the regions that experienced larger slip during the main shock, while small p-values are found generally in regions that have not ruptured recently. The variation of p-value can be related with the frictional heating produced during rupture. The crustal structure may explain some local features of b and p value spatial distribution. In order to verify our hypothesis we also analyzed the seismic activity that occurred before the Tottori earthquake, starting in 1978, using the data of DPRI, Kyoto University. It seems that the previous seismic activity associated with some moderate events in 1989, 1990 and 1997 had an influence on the following seismicity in the area—in particular on the spatial distribution of b and p values observed for the aftershocks of the Tottori earthquake. The aftershocks of the 1997 M5.5 earthquake have a larger p-value than previous aftershock sequences, while the b-value has a clear increase following the M5.5 event.

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    Authors: Ionuş Oana;

    Abstract The present paper, with reference to the Motru catchment area, contributes to the hydrochemical studies at an international level and to the completion of the characteristics regarding the chemical flow in Romania. In this regard, it emphasizes once again the dependence between the content of dissolved salts (fixed residue — mg/l) on the one hand and the lithological conditions, human activity, flow and the surface of the catchments on the other hand. The calculation and the analysis of the chemical flow for the Motru catchment area (located in the south-west of Romania) was performed on the basis of two parameters: the average flow of dissolved chemical substances (mg/s) and specific average chemical flow (t/kmp year) recorded at the monitoring stations on the Motru River and its tributaries during the period 2005–2009. The values obtained (for example: 2.63 mg/s and 47.7 t/km2 year, at the Fata Motrului station, on the Motru River, in 2009) confirm the importance of the areal factors of natural background in the analysis of chemical flow as a morpho-dynamic process and implicitly for the chemical quality of surface waters.

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    Open Geosciences
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Ruxandra Bondarescu; Mihai Bondarescu; György Hetényi; Lapo Boschi; +2 Authors

    The geoid is the true physical figure of the Earth, a particular equipotential surface of the gravity field of the Earth that accounts for the effect of all subsurface density variations. Its shape approximates best (in the sense of least squares) the mean level of oceans, but the geoid is more difficult to determine over continents. Satellite missions carry out distance measurements and derive the gravity field to provide geoid maps over the entire globe. However, they require calibration and extensive computations including integration, which is a non-unique operation. Here we propose a direct method and a new tool that directly measures geopotential differences on continents using atomic clocks. General Relativity Theory predicts constant clock rate at sea level, and faster (resp. slower) clock rate above (resp. below) sea level. The technology of atomic clocks is on the doorstep of reaching an accuracy level in clock rate that is equivalent to 1 cm in determining equipotential surface (including geoid) height. We discuss the value and future applicability of such measurements including direct geoid mapping on continents, and joint gravity and geopotential surveying to invert for subsurface density anomalies. Our synthetic calculations show that the geoid perturbation caused by a 1.5 km radius sphere with 20% density anomaly buried at 2 km depth in the crust of the Earth is already detectable by atomic clocks of achievable accuracy. Therefore atomic clock geopotential surveys, used together with relative gravity data to benefit from their different depth sensitivities, can become a useful tool in mapping density anomalies within the Earth.

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    Geophysical Journal International
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Geophysical Journal International
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Vlad Codrea; Florina Diaconu;

    A mastodon tooth has been found at Husnicioara coal open pit, in Mehedinţi district (southwestern Romania). It originates from the Lower Pliocene (Dacian) gravel and sand deposits lying just above the coal bed IV, mined in this quarry. The tooth exposing zygodont features undoubtedly belongs to Mammut borsoni (“Borson’s mastodont”). Although this species is very common in the Pliocene vertebrate faunas from this part of Europe, until now it was missing from the Lower Pliocene (Dacian) assemblage’s lists in our country.

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    Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai: Geologia
    Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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    Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai: Geologia
    Article
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      Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai: Geologia
      Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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      Studia Universitatis Babes-Bolyai: Geologia
      Article
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    Authors: Mocanu, Gabriela-Raluca; Sandor, Bulcsu;

    The possibility that BL Lac S5 0716+714 exhibits a linear root mean square (rms)-flux relation in its IntraDay Variability (IDV) is analysed. The results may be used as an argument in the existing debate regarding the source of optical IDV in Active Galactic Nuclei. 63 time series in different optical bands were used. A linear rms-flux relation at a confidence level higher than 65% was recovered for less than 8% of the cases. We were able to check if the magnitude is log-normally distributed for eight timeseries and found, with a confidence > 95%, that this is not the case. Accepted by Astrophysics and Space Science

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    Astrophysics and Space Science
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Springer TDM
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2012
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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      Astrophysics and Space Science
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
      License: Springer TDM
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      Article . 2012
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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    Authors: Cristian Panaiotu; Mădălina Vişan; A. Tugui; Ioan Seghedi; +1 Authors

    SUMMARY LavasofPliocene–QuaternaryageweresampledintheSouthHarghitaMountains,whichform the southern end of the Cu alimani–Gurghiu–Harghita volcanic chain of the East Carpathians. The analyses of 68 volcanic sites in the South Harghita Mountains provided 62 sites with well-constrained directional data (n > 5 and k > 50) in an age interval ranging from 0.5 to 4.3Ma. The age and polarity for the 62 sites (38 normal and 24 reversed) are consistent with the Geomagnetic Reversal Time Scale and support the model of the southward migration of the volcanism. The distribution of the VGPs is Fisherian and the mean pole position, both from all contributing sites and from the 53 sites older than 2 Ma, includes the spin axis. This result is consistent with the absence of important vertical axis rotations after the emplacement of the volcanicrocksinagreementwithtectonicmodelsforthePliocene–Quaternaryevolutionofthe bending area of the East Carpathians. Virtual geomagnetic pole dispersions are consistently high compared with global values obtained between 40 and 55 ◦ N, but closer to the values obtained only from the Time Averaged geomagnetic Field Initiative studies for the same latitudinal band. Our data are compatible with the prediction of the statistical palaeosecular variationmodelTK03.Theinclinationanomalyislessthan1 ◦ inaccordwiththeTotalAverage Field global data. These palaeomagnetic data from the South Harghita volcanic rocks are the first data from the southeastern Europe which can be considered in the databases for time averaged field and palaeosecular variation from lavas analyses in the last 5 Ma.

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    Geophysical Journal International
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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      Geophysical Journal International
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: T, Dicu; B D, Burghele; D, Lupulescu; A, Cucos;

    In the present study, the contemporary indoor radon activity concentration and the surface-deposited 210Po activity were measured in 65 Romanian dwellings. The activity of trapped 210Po on the glass surface was measured using the (CR-LR) difference technique. The retrospective radon activity concentration estimated on the basis of age-adjusted 210Po activity was found to have a geometric mean of 318 Bq m-3, being higher than the geometric mean (250 Bq m-3) of the contemporary indoor radon measurements, measured with two types of track detectors (RSKS and Radtrak2®). By applying Lin's concordance correlation coefficient, a substantial strength of agreement (rC = 0.94) was obtained between RSKS and Radtrak2® results, respectively a poor agreement (rC = 0.71) between the retrospective and contemporary methods. The ratio between contemporary and retrospective radon concentrations has a geometric mean of 0.8 and range from 0.2 to 3.9.

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    Radiation Protection Dosimetry
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
    License: OUP Standard Publication Reuse
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      Radiation Protection Dosimetry
      Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Voicu Gheorghe; Lazea Mircea; Constantin Gabriel-Alexandru; Stefan Elena-Madalina; +1 Authors

    Vehicles that collect and transport household waste are equipped with complex systems that perform the loading of the waste from the stationary collection containers, take over and pre-compact of material, compaction in the body of the structure and finally the landfill of the collected waste. Of all these operations, the compaction process is by far the most mechanically demanding. In this paper, the structural analysis of the compactor plate from a garbage truck is presented. In the first stage it was carried out parametric modelling of the assembly composed of compactor plate, counter pressure plate, the back of the garbage truck and to be compacted material. After assembly, the dynamic simulation of the compaction process in the garbage truck was performed, and the compaction mechanical stresses for the compactor plate were loaded in the Simulation module of the SolidWorks 2016 program. Here the finite element analysis was performed, resulting in the value and dispersion of the equivalent stresses (calculated by von Mises criterion), displacements and relative deformations of compactor plate from the analysed garbage truck.

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    E3S Web of Conferences
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2020
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      Article . 2020
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    Authors: Wojciech Zgłobicki; Jean Poesen; Sofie De Geeter; John Boardman; +7 Authors

    Abstract Sunken lanes are roads or tracks, 2 m or more wide, that are incised at least 0.5 m, but often by several meters, below the general level of the surrounding land surface. They are formed by the passage of people, animals, vehicles and erosion by water and gravity. Although these anthropogenic landforms are quite common worldwide they received limited interest by the international scientific community. This comprehensive review analyzed all available information on their characteristics, development and functions in landscapes. Most research on sunken lanes has been conducted in Europe, whereas sunken lanes have been occasionally reported in other continents as well. Major topics addressed are spatial distribution, origin and development, morphology, erosion rates, hydrology, ecology, management, geotourism and research needs. Mean dimensions of sunken lanes reported for various regions vary widely: i.e. 30–2300 m for their length; 0.6–12.5 m for their depth and 2–36 m for their top width. Typical sunken lane densities in European regions (10 to 100 km2 large) characterized by such landforms range between 0.2 and 0.5 km km−2 but for smaller areas ( Sunken lane formation results from interactions between natural factors (i.e. lithology and soils, topography, climate, vegetation) and anthropogenic factors (i.e. traffic, land use and management). Rock type, weathering status and soil types control the erodibility of hillslope materials and hence the development and preservation of sunken lanes. Sunken lanes have been reported in several lithologies but most have been studied in loess regions. Sunken lanes, can be initiated at topographic landscape positions with a much lower slope gradient and corresponding contributing area than those needed to initiate classical gullies, due to the combined action of natural (i.e. concentrated flow erosion and mass movements) and anthropogenic processes (i.e. erosion by animal and human trampling, wheel traffic and digging). Once formed, medium to long-term average incision rates of unpaved bare sunken lanes are 1 to 5 cm year−1 often exceeding erosion rates on nearby cropland by at least one order of magnitude. Sunken lanes perform many functions in landscapes i.e. microclimatological, hydrological, geomorphological, ecological, transport, aesthetic, geotouristic, educational, scientific, strategic, and historical functions. Sunken lanes represent long-standing heritage of past agricultural landscapes and, taking into account their natural and cultural assets, justifies their protection. Unfortunately in several regions, sunken lanes are threatened by urban sprawl, agricultural intensification or land consolidation programs. It remains a challenge for environmental planners to conserve this characteristic geomorphosite for the Anthropocene and to reconcile its competing functions.

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    Lirias
    Article . 2021
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    Earth-Science Reviews
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Elsevier TDM
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Liriasarrow_drop_down
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      Lirias
      Article . 2021
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      Earth-Science Reviews
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Leonid Shumlyanskyy; Andrey Bekker; Iryna Tarasko; Ion Francovschi; +2 Authors

    We used LA-ICP-MS U-Pb data for detrital zircon to constrain the Maximum Depositional Age (MDA) and provenance of clastic sedimentary rocks of the Volyn-Orsha sedimentary basin, which filled an elongated (~625 × 250 km) depression in SW Baltica and attained ~900 m in thickness. Eighty-six zircons out of one hundred and three yielded concordant dates, with most of them (86%) falling in the time interval between 1655 ± 3 and 1044 ± 16 Ma and clustering in two peaks at ca. 1630 and 1230 Ma. The remaining zircons yielded dates older than 1800 Ma. The MDA is defined by a tight group of three zircons with a weighted mean age of 1079 ± 8 Ma. This age corresponds to the time of a ~90° clockwise rotation of Baltica and the formation of the Grenvillian—Sveconorwegian—Sunsas orogenic belts. Subsidence was facilitated by the presence of eclogites derived from subducted oceanic crust. The sediments of the Orsha sub-basin in the northeastern part of the basin were derived from the local crystalline basement, whereas the sediments in the Volyn sub-basin, extending to the margin of Baltica, were transported from the orogen between Laurentia, Baltica and Amazonia.

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    Geosciences
    Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Article . 2023
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      Other literature type . Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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