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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Polyakov, Igor; Walsh, David; Dmitrenko, Igor; Colony, Roger L.; +1 Authors

    This study has been motivated by reports of extraordinary change in the Arctic Ocean observed in recent decades. Most of these observations are based on synoptic measurements, while evaluation of anomalies requires an understanding of the underlying long‐term variability. Historical climatologies give reference means, and while these datasets are a reliable source of the mean Atlantic Layer temperature, they significantly underestimate variability. Using historical data, we calculated statistical parameters for selected Arctic Ocean regions. They demonstrate a high level of Atlantic Layer temperature variability in the Nansen Basin and sea‐surface salinity fluctuations on the Siberian shelf and the Amundsen Basin. These estimates suggest strong limitations on our ability to define amplitudes of anomalies by comparing recent synoptic measurements with climatologies, especially for regions characterized by strong variability.

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    Geophysical Research Letters
    Article . 2003 . Peer-reviewed
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      Geophysical Research Letters
      Article . 2003 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: A. Yu. Mikhailov; E. L. Popova;

    Introduction. This paper presents the results of a study on the methods for calculating the capacity of level crossings. The purpose of writing this research paper is determine the best methodology for calculating the intervals in the main flows for the prevailing road conditions in the Russian Federation, that a new methodology to calculate capacity adapted to domestic road conditions would be developed in the future.Materials and methods. In recent decades of market relations in the Russian Federation, one can note a rapid increase in motorization in human settlements. The number in 550 vehicles per 1000 people in domestic entities is expected to have been increasde by 2025, which is significantly higher than the current level in European part of the Russian Federation. It is important to note that when the number of vehiclec is increasing, which level is about 80%, it is essential to increase road crossings capacity. Results. At the moment the methodology for calculating capacity and queue length is the same. It should be noted that the current models are not properly described in the domestic studies, but the calculations were made using models developed in the 1960s and 1970s.

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    Article . 2020
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    Authors: Putyakova, A. D.; Kulikova, E. A.;

    The paper considers the problem of increase of economic efficiency of railway transportation through the implementation of innovative technical tools and technologies, show examples of the practical implementation of various innovative solutions in the field of energy and resource saving in railway transport. В работе рассмотрена проблема повышения экономической эффективности железнодорожных перевозок на основе внедрения инновационных технических средств и технологий, показаны примеры практической реализация различныхинновационных решений в сфере энерго- и ресурсосбережения на железнодорожном транспорте.

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    Authors: Milena Cvetković; Jovana Brankov; Nevena Ćurčić; Sanja Pavlović; +2 Authors

    This research deals with the evaluation of tourist attractions in selected protected areas (PAs) in Serbia for the purpose of developing ecotourism. Using the integral AHP-SWOT method, two authentic mountain areas were analyzed—Stara Planina Nature Park and Suva Planina Special Nature Reserve. The results confirmed the presence of numerous natural and, to a lesser extent, anthropogenic resources that represent the basis for the future ecotourism activities. However, significant weaknesses were also registered, which are reflected in overall poverty, underdeveloped infrastructure and depopulation. The analysis also showed that the highest rated factors for the development of ecotourism are local products that should be offered on the regional market, as well as the use of the geographical position of both areas (near the state border) through the use of donor funds (IPA funds). The application of the AHP-SWOT method enabled the definition and prioritization of several development strategies, of which the ones with the greatest weight are based on the use of the variegated biodiversity of both PAs. This research advances knowledge about strategic decision-making in PAs and could be beneficial to destination managers for the creation of successful strategic plans. Results suggest that future actions should be aimed at maximizing the detected advantages, which means creating an appropriate development policy, drafting legislation, encouraging social mobilization activities and determining the institutional elements for the development and management of ecotourism.

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    Sustainability
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2023
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      Sustainability
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: M. Sharov; A. Levashev; A. Mikhailov;

    Irkutsk has extremely favourable conditions for developing the electric public transportation system. The basis of the regional power system is the Irkutsk hydropower station. It has a unique feature; the stability of seasonal power production throughout the year. Due to this factor, the cost of power production in Irkutsk is one of the lowest in the world. The master plan for Irkutsk was created in 1985 and was intended as a means to further the development of the tram network. However, ten years later, the tramline was excluded from the technical project of the new bridge across Angara River. As a result, private bus companies received the most lucrative segment of the public transport system and the municipal network of electric public transport became ineffective and received a negative economic balance. In 2008–2010 the transportation laboratory of Irkutsk State Technical University (TL ISTU) created the Transportation Master Plan for Irkutsk. The goal of this project was to forecast traffic and passenger flow distribution up to 2020. According to TL ISTU forecasts, the largest daily passenger and traffic flows are between the Sverdlovsky borough and the city center. TL ISTU has modelled several combinations of routes for the public transport system, including the consideration of a new bridge over the Angara River and arguing for the municipal trolleybus network development.

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    https://doi.org/10.2495/eq1406...
    Conference object . 2014 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tuvikene, Tauri; Sgibnev, Wladimir; Zupan, Daniela; Jovanović, Deana; +2 Authors

    Infrastructures from different time periods, installed for different purposes in often discordant political and economic systems, function alongside one another in contemporary cities. While infrastructures attracted a great deal of attention in geographical research, the “East” of Europe has still largely been left out, as the studies mostly focused on the global North and the global South. This paper, thus, takes on two challenges by intersecting an infrastructural lens with the re‐conceptualisation of post‐socialism. First, following calls from comparative urbanism and the postcolonial turn in urban studies and geography to work beyond usual suspects, the paper expands the territorial scope of infrastructure research. Second, the paper takes the critical edge of the aforementioned calls by offering new ways of attending to infrastructures through relations to the (socialist) past. Taking a threefold approach of expanding, learning, and challenging from a more‐than‐North/South perspective, this paper analyses post‐socialist infrastructuring by highlighting inequalities, such as the introduction of individual measuring of heat, using green spaces as boosterist urban governing, and turning transport to a consumer good. Instead of centralising the present or the “Western” best practice, the paper investigates to what extent it is possible to take elements of the (socialist) past and develop them into forward‐looking measures. The paper shows the need to incorporate questions of social justice and equity – perspectives which were more central for infrastructural provision under socialism – into the ways in which infrastructures are planned, made, and used today.

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    Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Tatyana G. Krupnova; Olga V. Rakova; Galina P. Struchkova; Sardana A. Tikhonova; +4 Authors

    Snow plays an important role in air quality and winter geochemical monitoring in the South Ural region. This study deals with the air pollution monitoring of particle-bound metal(loid) concentrations using snow cover around the deepest coal mine in Eurasia, the Korkinsky coal mine. We studied the concentrations and ratios of suspended and dissolved forms of metal(loid)s (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn) in snow samples. We examined 56 snow cover samples, collected at 12 sites located north, south, east and west of the Korkinsky coal mine. All snow samples were taken in January 2020. The spectral reflectance curves, cluster analysis, and spatial distribution maps were used to evaluate the potential sources of PM-bound metal(loid)s and the potential relationship among them. The highest concentrations (μg/L) were reported for Fe, Al, and Zn. In addition to the mine influence, burning coal for residential heating was identified as the major anthropogenic metal(loid) source. It was shown that elevated concentrations of some trace metals in snow samples were associated with southerly winds and the location of spoil heaps.

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    Authors: Alexandre Supply; Jacqueline Boutin; Jean-Luc Vergely; Nicolas Kolodziejczyk; +3 Authors

    <p>Since 2010, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission monitors the earth emission at L-Band, providing the longest time series of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) from space over the global ocean. However, retrieving SSS at high latitudes with a reasonable accuracy remains challenging, in particular due to the low sensitivity of L-Band radiometric measurements to SSS in cold waters and to the contamination of SMOS measurements by the vicinity of continents and sea ice as well as the presence of Radio Frequency Interferences. In this paper, we assess the quality of weekly SSS fields derived from swath-ordered instantaneous SMOS SSS (so called Level 2) distributed by the European Space Agency. These products are filtered according to new criteria. We use the pseudo-dielectric constant retrieved from SMOS brightness temperatures to filter SSS pixels polluted by sea ice. We identify that the dielectric constant model and the sea surface temperature auxiliary parameter used as prior information in the SMOS SSS retrieval are significant sources of uncertainty. We develop a novel correction methodology accordingly.</p><p>SSS Standard deviation of differences (STDD) between weekly SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity significantly decrease after applying the SSS correction, from 1.46 pss to 1.26 pss. The correlation between new SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity reaches 0.94. SMOS estimates better capture SSS variability in the Arctic Ocean in comparison to TOPAZ reanalysis (STDD = 1.86 pss), particularly in river plumes fresher by about 10 pss than surrounding waters. Furthermore, comparisons with in-situ measurements ranging from 1 to 11 m depths identify huge vertical stratification in fresh regions. This emphasizes the need to consider in-situ salinity as close as possible to the sea surface when validating L-band radiometric SSS which are representative of the first top centimeter.</p>

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    https://hal.sorbonne-universit...
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    OceanRep
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Remote Sensing of Environment
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    Authors: Zemenkova Maria; Shalay Viktor; Zemenkov Yuri; Kurushina Elena;

    Methodology of rapid assessment of reliability index was developed based on system analysis of technological parameters. Within functioning of on-line monitoring system of reliability index of industrial facility this method allows to increase efficiency of making managerial decisions on technical and preventive maintenance. The technique is based on the analysis of technological parameters of operational modes of pipeline transport facilities registered by dispatcher controls. The created technique can be used by the operating, research, design institutes and oil and gas transport enterprises when declaring industrial safety. The received mathematical models allow federal services of supervision, the independent expert organizations to predict the development of reliability in the registered block of dispatching data either in real time mode, or taking into account the dynamics of service conditions of the object.

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    MATEC Web of Conferences
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: A.F. Barkhatov; E.V. Vyazunov; S.F. Drozhzhinov; A.V. Savelyev;

    The problem of finding all intersecting combinations of valves in the technology section of the pipeline. Closing valves secant combination results in an overlap area of the process stream at that might cause an accident. Technological scheme of the site is represented in the form of a graph – a graph of the technological scheme (GTS). CTS is given a list of edges. The vertices of the graph are the branching point of pipelines and some technological systems, such as tank farms. The edges of the segments are the pipelines with valves and (or) check valve, pump stations. CTS is a connected graph. To test the possibility of overlap flow algorithm for constructing a connected graph by the «core and shell» for open valve. In the process of building a connected graph is determined by the direction in which it is possible for the fluid from the source to the drain – induced by the direction and the degree of each vertex. To reduce the number of analyzed variants performed «compression» of the graph of the technological scheme by replacing one equivalent edge with one-engine equivalent of an elementary circuit and a group of parallel chains. Generating analyzed combinations of valves is done by the «breadth-first search with a cut-off», which also allows you to drastically reduce the number of combinations analyzed. Operational control shut-off is based on the current status of all valves technological area. If the list of cross-sections of combinations is at least one combination of all valves which according to the operational king are not open, then the system generates a report of a possible overlap flow.

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    Oil and Gas Business
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Polyakov, Igor; Walsh, David; Dmitrenko, Igor; Colony, Roger L.; +1 Authors

    This study has been motivated by reports of extraordinary change in the Arctic Ocean observed in recent decades. Most of these observations are based on synoptic measurements, while evaluation of anomalies requires an understanding of the underlying long‐term variability. Historical climatologies give reference means, and while these datasets are a reliable source of the mean Atlantic Layer temperature, they significantly underestimate variability. Using historical data, we calculated statistical parameters for selected Arctic Ocean regions. They demonstrate a high level of Atlantic Layer temperature variability in the Nansen Basin and sea‐surface salinity fluctuations on the Siberian shelf and the Amundsen Basin. These estimates suggest strong limitations on our ability to define amplitudes of anomalies by comparing recent synoptic measurements with climatologies, especially for regions characterized by strong variability.

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    Geophysical Research Letters
    Article . 2003 . Peer-reviewed
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      Geophysical Research Letters
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    Authors: A. Yu. Mikhailov; E. L. Popova;

    Introduction. This paper presents the results of a study on the methods for calculating the capacity of level crossings. The purpose of writing this research paper is determine the best methodology for calculating the intervals in the main flows for the prevailing road conditions in the Russian Federation, that a new methodology to calculate capacity adapted to domestic road conditions would be developed in the future.Materials and methods. In recent decades of market relations in the Russian Federation, one can note a rapid increase in motorization in human settlements. The number in 550 vehicles per 1000 people in domestic entities is expected to have been increasde by 2025, which is significantly higher than the current level in European part of the Russian Federation. It is important to note that when the number of vehiclec is increasing, which level is about 80%, it is essential to increase road crossings capacity. Results. At the moment the methodology for calculating capacity and queue length is the same. It should be noted that the current models are not properly described in the domestic studies, but the calculations were made using models developed in the 1960s and 1970s.

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    Authors: Putyakova, A. D.; Kulikova, E. A.;

    The paper considers the problem of increase of economic efficiency of railway transportation through the implementation of innovative technical tools and technologies, show examples of the practical implementation of various innovative solutions in the field of energy and resource saving in railway transport. В работе рассмотрена проблема повышения экономической эффективности железнодорожных перевозок на основе внедрения инновационных технических средств и технологий, показаны примеры практической реализация различныхинновационных решений в сфере энерго- и ресурсосбережения на железнодорожном транспорте.

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    Authors: Milena Cvetković; Jovana Brankov; Nevena Ćurčić; Sanja Pavlović; +2 Authors

    This research deals with the evaluation of tourist attractions in selected protected areas (PAs) in Serbia for the purpose of developing ecotourism. Using the integral AHP-SWOT method, two authentic mountain areas were analyzed—Stara Planina Nature Park and Suva Planina Special Nature Reserve. The results confirmed the presence of numerous natural and, to a lesser extent, anthropogenic resources that represent the basis for the future ecotourism activities. However, significant weaknesses were also registered, which are reflected in overall poverty, underdeveloped infrastructure and depopulation. The analysis also showed that the highest rated factors for the development of ecotourism are local products that should be offered on the regional market, as well as the use of the geographical position of both areas (near the state border) through the use of donor funds (IPA funds). The application of the AHP-SWOT method enabled the definition and prioritization of several development strategies, of which the ones with the greatest weight are based on the use of the variegated biodiversity of both PAs. This research advances knowledge about strategic decision-making in PAs and could be beneficial to destination managers for the creation of successful strategic plans. Results suggest that future actions should be aimed at maximizing the detected advantages, which means creating an appropriate development policy, drafting legislation, encouraging social mobilization activities and determining the institutional elements for the development and management of ecotourism.

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    Authors: M. Sharov; A. Levashev; A. Mikhailov;

    Irkutsk has extremely favourable conditions for developing the electric public transportation system. The basis of the regional power system is the Irkutsk hydropower station. It has a unique feature; the stability of seasonal power production throughout the year. Due to this factor, the cost of power production in Irkutsk is one of the lowest in the world. The master plan for Irkutsk was created in 1985 and was intended as a means to further the development of the tram network. However, ten years later, the tramline was excluded from the technical project of the new bridge across Angara River. As a result, private bus companies received the most lucrative segment of the public transport system and the municipal network of electric public transport became ineffective and received a negative economic balance. In 2008–2010 the transportation laboratory of Irkutsk State Technical University (TL ISTU) created the Transportation Master Plan for Irkutsk. The goal of this project was to forecast traffic and passenger flow distribution up to 2020. According to TL ISTU forecasts, the largest daily passenger and traffic flows are between the Sverdlovsky borough and the city center. TL ISTU has modelled several combinations of routes for the public transport system, including the consideration of a new bridge over the Angara River and arguing for the municipal trolleybus network development.

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    Authors: Tuvikene, Tauri; Sgibnev, Wladimir; Zupan, Daniela; Jovanović, Deana; +2 Authors

    Infrastructures from different time periods, installed for different purposes in often discordant political and economic systems, function alongside one another in contemporary cities. While infrastructures attracted a great deal of attention in geographical research, the “East” of Europe has still largely been left out, as the studies mostly focused on the global North and the global South. This paper, thus, takes on two challenges by intersecting an infrastructural lens with the re‐conceptualisation of post‐socialism. First, following calls from comparative urbanism and the postcolonial turn in urban studies and geography to work beyond usual suspects, the paper expands the territorial scope of infrastructure research. Second, the paper takes the critical edge of the aforementioned calls by offering new ways of attending to infrastructures through relations to the (socialist) past. Taking a threefold approach of expanding, learning, and challenging from a more‐than‐North/South perspective, this paper analyses post‐socialist infrastructuring by highlighting inequalities, such as the introduction of individual measuring of heat, using green spaces as boosterist urban governing, and turning transport to a consumer good. Instead of centralising the present or the “Western” best practice, the paper investigates to what extent it is possible to take elements of the (socialist) past and develop them into forward‐looking measures. The paper shows the need to incorporate questions of social justice and equity – perspectives which were more central for infrastructural provision under socialism – into the ways in which infrastructures are planned, made, and used today.

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    Authors: Tatyana G. Krupnova; Olga V. Rakova; Galina P. Struchkova; Sardana A. Tikhonova; +4 Authors

    Snow plays an important role in air quality and winter geochemical monitoring in the South Ural region. This study deals with the air pollution monitoring of particle-bound metal(loid) concentrations using snow cover around the deepest coal mine in Eurasia, the Korkinsky coal mine. We studied the concentrations and ratios of suspended and dissolved forms of metal(loid)s (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Sr, and Zn) in snow samples. We examined 56 snow cover samples, collected at 12 sites located north, south, east and west of the Korkinsky coal mine. All snow samples were taken in January 2020. The spectral reflectance curves, cluster analysis, and spatial distribution maps were used to evaluate the potential sources of PM-bound metal(loid)s and the potential relationship among them. The highest concentrations (μg/L) were reported for Fe, Al, and Zn. In addition to the mine influence, burning coal for residential heating was identified as the major anthropogenic metal(loid) source. It was shown that elevated concentrations of some trace metals in snow samples were associated with southerly winds and the location of spoil heaps.

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    Authors: Alexandre Supply; Jacqueline Boutin; Jean-Luc Vergely; Nicolas Kolodziejczyk; +3 Authors

    <p>Since 2010, the Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity (SMOS) satellite mission monitors the earth emission at L-Band, providing the longest time series of Sea Surface Salinity (SSS) from space over the global ocean. However, retrieving SSS at high latitudes with a reasonable accuracy remains challenging, in particular due to the low sensitivity of L-Band radiometric measurements to SSS in cold waters and to the contamination of SMOS measurements by the vicinity of continents and sea ice as well as the presence of Radio Frequency Interferences. In this paper, we assess the quality of weekly SSS fields derived from swath-ordered instantaneous SMOS SSS (so called Level 2) distributed by the European Space Agency. These products are filtered according to new criteria. We use the pseudo-dielectric constant retrieved from SMOS brightness temperatures to filter SSS pixels polluted by sea ice. We identify that the dielectric constant model and the sea surface temperature auxiliary parameter used as prior information in the SMOS SSS retrieval are significant sources of uncertainty. We develop a novel correction methodology accordingly.</p><p>SSS Standard deviation of differences (STDD) between weekly SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity significantly decrease after applying the SSS correction, from 1.46 pss to 1.26 pss. The correlation between new SMOS SSS and in-situ near surface salinity reaches 0.94. SMOS estimates better capture SSS variability in the Arctic Ocean in comparison to TOPAZ reanalysis (STDD = 1.86 pss), particularly in river plumes fresher by about 10 pss than surrounding waters. Furthermore, comparisons with in-situ measurements ranging from 1 to 11 m depths identify huge vertical stratification in fresh regions. This emphasizes the need to consider in-situ salinity as close as possible to the sea surface when validating L-band radiometric SSS which are representative of the first top centimeter.</p>

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    https://hal.sorbonne-universit...
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    OceanRep
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Remote Sensing of Environment
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Remote Sensing of Environment
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    Authors: Zemenkova Maria; Shalay Viktor; Zemenkov Yuri; Kurushina Elena;

    Methodology of rapid assessment of reliability index was developed based on system analysis of technological parameters. Within functioning of on-line monitoring system of reliability index of industrial facility this method allows to increase efficiency of making managerial decisions on technical and preventive maintenance. The technique is based on the analysis of technological parameters of operational modes of pipeline transport facilities registered by dispatcher controls. The created technique can be used by the operating, research, design institutes and oil and gas transport enterprises when declaring industrial safety. The received mathematical models allow federal services of supervision, the independent expert organizations to predict the development of reliability in the registered block of dispatching data either in real time mode, or taking into account the dynamics of service conditions of the object.

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    MATEC Web of Conferences
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    MATEC Web of Conferences
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    Authors: A.F. Barkhatov; E.V. Vyazunov; S.F. Drozhzhinov; A.V. Savelyev;

    The problem of finding all intersecting combinations of valves in the technology section of the pipeline. Closing valves secant combination results in an overlap area of the process stream at that might cause an accident. Technological scheme of the site is represented in the form of a graph – a graph of the technological scheme (GTS). CTS is given a list of edges. The vertices of the graph are the branching point of pipelines and some technological systems, such as tank farms. The edges of the segments are the pipelines with valves and (or) check valve, pump stations. CTS is a connected graph. To test the possibility of overlap flow algorithm for constructing a connected graph by the «core and shell» for open valve. In the process of building a connected graph is determined by the direction in which it is possible for the fluid from the source to the drain – induced by the direction and the degree of each vertex. To reduce the number of analyzed variants performed «compression» of the graph of the technological scheme by replacing one equivalent edge with one-engine equivalent of an elementary circuit and a group of parallel chains. Generating analyzed combinations of valves is done by the «breadth-first search with a cut-off», which also allows you to drastically reduce the number of combinations analyzed. Operational control shut-off is based on the current status of all valves technological area. If the list of cross-sections of combinations is at least one combination of all valves which according to the operational king are not open, then the system generates a report of a possible overlap flow.

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    Oil and Gas Business
    Article . 2016 . Peer-reviewed
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      Oil and Gas Business
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