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    Authors: Kınay, Pervin;

    56 SUMMARY Studies on the Effect of Some Fertilizers on Macrophomina phaseolina Caused Charcoal Rot on Melons This study was carried out in 1993 in Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection. In the study, the effect of some fertilizers on charcoal rot caused b Macrophomina phaseolina on melons was investigated. The following results were obtained from studies: In vitro studies, generally fertilizer contained phosphorus.showed inhibitory effect on colonial growth of pathogen. Especially, diamonium phosphate caused a significant reduction in the growth of pathogen with increasing the dose. In the test made with sources of phosphorus, phosphoric asit inhibited the growth of pathogen causing a reduction on pH of medium, drastically. Also, diamonium phosphate reduced the colonial growth with increasing at the doses of chemical without any changes on pH. In greenhouse tests, diamonium phosphate caused a reduction by %17, while the fertilizer of 20.20.0 increased the disease severity. The other treatments also reduced the disease severity, but only slightly. Diamonium phosphate also indicated the best effect in respect to evaluations made on the number of survival plant, dry matter content and the length of plant. But, it is clear that treatments did not show a significant effect as a results of chemical analyses of N. P and K. 55 ÖZET Bu çalışma 1993 yılında E.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümünde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, gübrelerin kavunlarda kurumalara neden olan Macrophomina phaseolina'ya ve neden olduğu hastalık üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar aşağıda verilmiştir. - In vitro koşullarda genellikle fosfor içerikli gübreler M. phaseolina ' nı n koloni gelişimi üzerinde azaltıcı etki göstermişlerdir. Özellikle Diamonyum fosfat gübresi 200 ug/ml dozunda %50'lik bir azalmaya neden olmuştur. Fosfor kaynaklı kimyasal maddelerle yapılan çalışmada da Diamonyum fosfat doz artışı ile birlikte koloni gelişimini azaltmıştır. Fosforik asit ise pH'yı düşürmesi nedeniyle koloni gelişimini tamamen sı nı rlamı ş ti r. İn vivo çalışmalarda ise M. phaseolina ' nı n neden olduğu hastalık şiddeti üzerinde Diamonyum fosfat gübresi %17'lik bir azalışa neden olmuştur. Diğer gübre ve gübre kombinasyonlarında da kontrole göre hastalık şiddetinde azalmalar olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sadece 20. 20. 0 uygulamasında hastalık şiddeti arttırılmıştır. Canlı bitki sayısı, kuru madde verimi ve bitki boyunun saptandığı çalışmalarda da Diamonyum fosfat uygulamaları en iyi etkiye sahip olmuşlardır. N,P ve K analizlerinde ise uygulamalar arasında fark bulunamamıştır Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.

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    Authors: Öktem, Abdullah;

    -46- ÖZET Bu çalışma Çukurova üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Araştırma Alanında 1992 yılı II. ürün mısır yetiştirme sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede Çukurova bölgesinde II. ürün olarak en uygun mısır çeşidini belirlemek amacıyla 14 mısır çeşidi kullanılmıştır. En yüksek Tane Verimini CIBA GEIGY firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. En düşük Tane Verimi ise TîGEM'den temin edilen TTM.815 mısır çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Verime etkili öğeleri belirlemek amacıyla korelasyon analizi yapılmış; Tane Verimi ile Sap Kalınlığı ve Yaprak Sayısı arasında 0.05 düzeyinde önemli seviyede pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Koralasyon katsayıları yardımıyla path analizi yapılmış, verime etkili direk ve dolaylı etkiler bulunmuştur. Analiz sonucunda Çizelge 9 'dan görüldüğü gibi Tane Verimine en yüksek olumlu doğrudan etkiyi. Koçanda Dane Sayısı 10.597) göstermiş, en düşük doğrudan etkiyi ise 0.063 ile Bindane Ağırlığı göstermiştir. Tane Verimine olan doğrudan, negatif en yüksek etkiyi -0.468 ile ilk Koçan Yüksekliği göstermiş, en düşük etkiyi ise -0.043 ile Koçan Boyu göstermiştir. Denemede incelenen özellikler yönünden elde edilen sonuçlar aşağıda özetlenmiştir. 01. Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklerime Süresi (gün): Bu özellik bakımından Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9646 mısır çeşidi 55.25 günlük ortalama ile en uzun Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklerime Süresi değerini alırken, Sapeksa firmasından temin edilen LG.55 mısır çeşidi 48.50 günlük ortalama ile en kısa Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklenme Süresini elde etmiştir. Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklerime Süresi ile Koçan Uzunluğu ve Sömek Oranı arasında %5 düzeyinde önemli seviyede pozitif ilişki bulunmuş t ur. Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklenme Süresinin, Tane-47- Verimine olan doğrudan etkisinin olumlu (0.316) olduğu, buna karşın özellikle Koçanda Dane Sayısı aracılığı ile oluşan dolaylı etkileşimin olumsuz olduğu bulunmuştur. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı 0.158' 1 ik değerle olumlu ve dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 02. Bitki Boyu (cm): Denenen çeşitler arasında en uzun boylu çeşit Sapeksa firmasından temin edilen LG.55 mısır çeşidinden, 227 cm olarak elde edilmiştir. En kısa boylu çeşit ise Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9540 mısır çeşidinden 193.3 cm olarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda bitki boyu ile ilk Koçan Yüksekliği arasında 0.01 düzeyinde önemli seviyede, pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Yapılan path analizi sonucunda» Bitki Boyunun, Tane Verimine olan doğrudan etkisinin olumlu (Û.375) olduğu bulunmuştur. Buna karşın Bitki Boyu aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etkiyi -0.332 ile İlk Koçan Yüksekliği olumsuz olarak göstermiştir. 03. ilk Koçan Yüksekliği (cm): En yüksek ilk Koçan Yüksekliği değeri 114 cm ile Basegene firmasından temin edilen MF.714 mısır çeşidinde ölçülmüş, en düşük ilk Koçan Yüksekliği değeri ise 81.8 cm ile Dekalb firmasından temin edilen DK.698 mısır çeşidinde ölçülmüştür. ilk Koçan Yüksekliği ile Sap Kalınlığı, Koçanda Sıra Sayısı ve Koçanda Dane Sayısı arasında %5 düzeyinde önemli, negatif ilişkiler bulunmuştur.' Tane Verimine olan doğrudan negatif en yüksek etkiyi - 0.468 ile ilk Koçan Yüksekliği göstermiş, ilk Koçan Yüksekliği vasıtasıyla tane verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etkiyi Bitki Boyu (0.266) olumlu olarak göstermiştir. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı -0.327' lik bir değerle negatif dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 04. Sap Kalınlığı (mm): En yüksek Sap Kalınlığı değerine 25.20 mm ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşitinde rastlanmış, en düşük Sap Kalınlığı değerine ise 20.90 mm ile Cargıll-48- firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinde rastlanmıştır. Sap Kalınlığı ile Koçan Kalınlığı arasında %5 seviyesinde önemli pozitif ve %1 seviyesinde Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı ile pozitif derecede önemli ilişkide bulunmuştur. Sap Kalınlığı ile Tane Verimi arasında %5 düzeyinde pozitif, önemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Sap Kalınlığı, Tane Verimine negatif doğrudan etkide bulunmasına rağmen: Sap Kalınlığı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etki 0.465 ile Koçan Kalınlığında gözlenmiştir. Buna karşın -0.266 ile Koçanda Dane Sayısı olumsuz, dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 05. Yaprak Sayısı (adet/bitki): En fazla Yaprak Sayısı değeri 12.75 ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 ve Tigem'den temin edilen TTM. 815 mısır çeşitleri arasında bulunmuş, en az yaprak sayısı değeri ise 9.75 adet/bitki ile Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9540 mısır çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Yaprak Sayısı doğrudan path değerinin düşük olmasına ragmen; Yaprak Sayısı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine -0.227' lik bir değerle Koçanda Dane Sayısı olumsuz, dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. Yaprak Sayısının Tane Verimine olan direk etkisinin düşük olmasına karşın. Bitki Boyu 0.206' lık bir değerle olumlu olarak dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 06. Koçan Uzunluğu (cm): En yüksek Koçan Uzunluğu değeri 21.75 cm ile Basagene firmasından temin edilen MF.714 mısır çeşidinde gözlenmiş, en kısa koçan uzunluğu değeri ise* 17.93 cm ile Tigem'den temin edilen TTM.815 mısır çeşidinde Gözlenmiştir. Koçan Boyu ile Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı arasında %5 düzeyinde önemli, pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Koçan Boyu, Tane Verimine düşük düzeyde olumsuz doğrudan etki göstermesine rağmen; Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı (0.347) ve Bitki Boyu (0.286) Koçan Boyu aracılığıyla Tane Verimine yüksek değerde olumlu dolaylı etki göstermiştir.-49- 07. Koçan Kalınlığı (mm): Koçan Kalınlığı değeri en fazla olan ve Pioneer firmasından temin edilen P.3377 mısır çeşidi 47.18 mm ile ilk sırayı alırken, kocan çapı en az olan ve Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidi 42.00 mm ile son sırayı almıştır. Koçan Kalınlığı ile Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı arasındaki ikili ilişki incelendiğinde %5 seviyesinde pozitif düzeyde önemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Koçan Kalınlığının düşük ve direk etkide bulunmasına karsın; Koçan Kalınlığı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etki 0.375 ile Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı ve Û.317 ile Koçanda Sıra Sayısında olumlu olarak gözlenmiştir. 08. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı (adet/koçan): En fazla koçanda sıra sayısı değeri 18.4 adet/koçan ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşidinde bulunmuş, en düşük koçanda sıra sayısı değeri ise 13.4 adet/koçan ile Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı ile Koçanda Dane Sayısı arasında gözlenen ikili ilişkilerde %1 seviyesinde yüksek oranda pozitif ve önemli ilişki dikkat çekmektedir. Yine Sömek Oranı ile %5 seviyesinde, pozitif düzeyde önemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı 0.350' lik direk path katsayı değerinde bulunmasına ragmen; Koçanda Sıra Sayısı aracılığıyla -0.524' lük bir değerle Koçanda Dane Sayısı olumsuz ve dolaylı etki göstermiştir. îlk Koçan Yüksekliği ise 0.304' lük değerle olumlu ve dolaylı bir etki göstermiştir. 09. Koçanda Sırada dane sayısı (adet/sıra): En yüksek Koçanda Sırada Dane Sayısı değerini 43.9 adet/sıra/koçan ile Curgıll firmasından temin edilen C.949 mısır çeşiti almış olup, en düşük Koçanda Sırada Dane sayısı değerini 37.2 adet/sıra/koçan ile Tigem'den temin edilen TTM.815 mısır çeşidi almıştır.-50- 10. Koçanda Dane Sayısı ( adet /koçan ) : Denenen çeşitler arasında en yüksek Koçanda Dane Sayısı değeri Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9646 mısır çeşit inden 713.0, En düşük Koçanda Dane Sayısı değeri ise Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinden 534.9 adet/koçan olarak elde edilmiştir. Koçanda Dane Sayısı ile Sömek Oranı arasındaki ikili ilişkide %5 seviyesinde pozitif ve önemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Koçanda Dane Sayısı 0.597' lik direk path katsayı değeriyle Tane Verimine en yüksek direk etkide bulunmuştur. Koçanda Dane Sayısı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etkiyi 0.307' lik bir değerle Koçanda Sıra Sayısı. 0.293' lük bir değerle Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı göstermiştir. 11. Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı (gr) : En yüksek Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı değeri 203. 0 gr/koçan ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşidinde bulunmuş, en düşük Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı değeri ise 139.3 gr/koçan Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9646 mısır çeşitinde bulunmuştur. Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı ile tane verimi arasında %1 seviyesinde yüksek oranda pozitif düzeyde olumlu ilişki gözlenmiştir. Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı kısmen düşük olan (0.156) direk path katsayı değerinde, Tane Verimine olumlu direk etkide bulunurken; Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı aracılığıyla, 0.396' lik bir değerle Koçan Kalınlığı, 0.224 lük bir değerle Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklerime Süresi, olumlu ve dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 12.Bindane Ağırlığı (gr) s » En yüksek Bindane Ağırlığı değeri 358.3 gr ile Basagene firmasından temin edilen MF.714 mısır çeşidinde saptanmış, en düşük Bindane Ağırlığı değeri ise 271.0 gr ile Dekalb firmasından temin edilen DK.698 mısır çeşidinde saptanmıştır. Bindane Ağırlığı, Tan© Verimine düşük oranda olumlu direk etkide bulunurken, Bindane Ağırlığı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan dolaylı etki 0.202 ile Koçanda Dane Sayısında, olumlu olarak gözlenmiş, -0.234' lük bir değerle ilk Koçan Yüksekliği, olumsuz ve dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur.-51- 13. Sömek Oranı (%) t En yüksek Sömek Oranı deleri Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9646 mısır çeşidinde %16.9 olarak ölçülmüş, en düşük sömek oranı değeri ise Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinde %12 olarak ölçülmüştür. Sömek Oranı, Tane Verimine olumlu direk etkide bulunmuştur. Sömek Oranı aracılığıyla Koçanda Dane Sayısı -0.373 ile olumsuz ve dolaylı bir etki gösterirken; Koçanda Sıra Sayısı 0.228' lik bir değerle olumlu ve dolaylı bir etki göstermiştir. 14. Hektolitre Ağırlığı (gr) : En yüksek Hektolitre Ağırlığı değeri 77.1 gr ile Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinde ölçülmüş, en düşük Hektolitre Ağırlığı değeri ise 71.8 gr ile Dekalb firmasından temin edilen XL. 72. AA mısır çeşidinde ölçülmüştür. Hektolitre Ağırlığı, Tane Verimine 0.197' lik direk path katsayı değeri ile olumlu olarak direk etkide bulunmuştur. Hektolitre Ağırlığı aracılığıyla tane verimine» 0.202 ile Bindane Ağırlığı, 0.190 ile Koçanda Dane Sayısı olumlu ve dolaylı etkide bulunurken; Bitki Boyu -0.152' lik bir değerle olumsuz ve dolaylı bir etki göstermiştir. 15. Tane Verimi (kg/da): En yüksek dekara Tane Verimi değerini 1456 kg/da ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşidi elde edenken, en düşük dekara Tane Verimi değerini 827 kg/da ile Tigem'den temin edilen TTM.815 mısır çeşidi elde etmiştir. -52- SUMMARY This study was conducted at the Area of Field Crop Department of Agriculture Faculty of Çukurova University in second crop growth season in 1992. The trial was set on randomized block desing with four replication. In this study correlation coefficients and path coefficients analysis which are occure direct and indirect searched for important agronomical and physiological properties of maize. In the study, 14 hybrid cultivar was used as a material which is adapted to çukurova region. Result of this investigation was summarized as follows; Plant Height The Plant Height values was varied from 193.3 cm to 227.0 cm. The higgest Plant Height was found at LG.55 maize variety which is obtain from SAPEKSA. The lowest Plant Height was fount at PX.9540 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. Plant Height was found correlated with Height of First ear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. The direct contribution of Plant Height to Grain Yield were hight (0.375). But Plant Height had an appreciable negative, indirect effect via Height of First Ear (-0.332). Height of first ear The Height of First Ear values was varied from 81.75 cm to 114.0 cm. The higgest Height of First Ear value was found at MF.714 maize variety which is obtain from BASEGENE. The lowest Height of First Ear value was fount at DK.698 maize variety which is obtain from DEKALB. Height of First Ear was found correlated with Stem Size, Number of Ear Row, Grain Number of Eear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and negatively. The direct contribution of Height of First Ear to Grain Yield was the highest and negatively (-0.468). Height of First Ear an appreciable indirect effect via Plant Height (0.266) and Stem Size (0.127) as a positively on yield.-53- Tassel Flowering Date Tassel Flovering Date values was varied from 48.50 cm to 55.25 cm. The higgest value was found at PX.9646 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. The lowest was fount at LG.55 maize variety which is obtain from SAPEKSA. Tassel Flowering Date was found correlated with Ear Lengt, Cop Ratio at 0,05 level signif iciantly and positively. Direct path coefficient of Tassel Flowering Date was found positively and night, but specialy Grain Number of Ear of indirect path coefficient was found negative. Stem Size Stem Size values was varied from 20.90 mm to 25.20 mm. The higgest was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY. The lowest was fount at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Stem Size was found correlated with Ear Size, Grain Yield at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. And also Grain Weight of Ear correlated at 0.01 level and positively. The direct contribution of Stem Size to Grain Yield were found negatively. But Stem Size had an appreciable positive, indirect effect via Ear Size (0.465). Number of leaf values was varied from 9.75 number to 12.75 number. The higgest Number of Leaf was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY. The lowest Number of Leaf was fount at PX.9540 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. Althought Number of Leaf direct path coefficient had found low. Number of Leaf had an appreciable indirect and neagtively effect via Grain Number of Ear (-0.227) on yield. And also Plant Height (0.206) were found positively indirect effect. Ear Lenght Ear Lenght values was varied from 17.93 cm to 21.73 cm. The higgest Ear Lenght value was found at MF.714 maize variety which is obtain from BASEGENE. The lowest Ear Lenght was fount at TTM.815 maize variety which is obtain from-54- TIGEM. Ear Lenght was found correlated with Grain Weight of Ear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. The direct contribution of Ear Lenght to Grain Yield was low and negatively. Ear Lenght had an appreciable indirect effect via Grain Weight of Ear (0.347), on yield. Ear Size Ear Size values was varied from 42.00 mm to 47.18 mm. The higgest Ear Size was found at P. 3377 maize variety which is obtain from PIONEER. The lowest Number of Leaf was found at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Ear Size was found correlated with Grain Weight of Ear, Stem Size at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. Direct path coefficient of Ear Size was found low. But Ear Size had an higgest indirect effect via Grain Weight of Ear (0.375) and Number of Ear Row (0.317) positively, on yield. Number of Ear Row Number of Ear Row values was varied from 13.40 number/ear to 18.40 number/ear. The higgest number of Ear Row was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY. The lowest Number of Leaf was fount at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Number of Leaf was found correlated with Number of aer at 0.05 level and Cop Ratio at 0.01 level signif iciantly and positively. And also Height of Firt Ear correlated at 0.05 level signif iciantly and negatively. The direct contribution of Number of Ear Row was hight and positively (0.350). But Number of Ear Row have a higgest negative indirect effect via Grain Number of Ear (-0.524) on yield. Indirect path coefficient of Number of Ear Row was found positive (0.304) on yield. Grain Number of Ear Row Grain Number of Ear Row values was varied from 37.18 number/ear to 43.90 number/ear. The higgest Grain Number of Row was found at C.949 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. The lowest Grain Number of Row was found at TTM.815 maize variety which is obtain from TÎGEM.-55- Test Weight Test Weight values was varied from 12.00 gr to 16.90 gr. The higgest Test Weight was found at PX.9646G maize variety which is obtain trom SANDOZ. The lowest Test Weight was found at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Direct path coefficient of Test Weight was found positively (0.197). Grain Weight of Ear Grain Weight of Ear values was varied from 139.3 gr to 203.0 gr. The higgest Grain Weigh of Ea value was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY, The lowest Grain Weight of Ear value was found at PX.9646 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. Grain Weight of Ear was found correlated with Grain Yield, Stem Size at 0.01 level signif iciantly and positively. And also Grain Weight of Ear correlated with Ear Lenght, Ear Size at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. Direct path coefficient of Grain Weight of Ear was found positively (0.156) on yield. However, Grain Weight of Ear had an appreciable indirect effect via Ear Size (0.396) on yield. Cop Ratio Cop Ratio values was varied from 71.80 gr to 77.60 grr. The higgest Cop Ratio was found at DK.711 maize variety which is obtain from DEKALB. The lowest Cop Ratio was found at XL.72.AA maize variety which is obtain from DEKALB. Cop Ratio was found correlated with Tassel Flovering Date, Number of Ear Row, Grain Number of Ear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. Cop Ratio has been positive direct effect to yield. While Cop Ratio had indirect effect via Grain Number of Ear (-0.373) as negatively. Number of Ear Row (0.228) and Height of First Ear have been positive indirect effect to yield. 1000 Grain Weight 1000 Grain Weight values was varied from 234.3 gr to 358.3 gr. The higgest 1000 Grain Weight was found at MF.714 maize variety which is obtain from BASEGENE. The lowest-56- 1000 Grain Weight was found at PX.9646 maize variety which is obtain from SANDÛZ. Direct path coefficient of 1000 Grain Weight was found positively. 1000 Grain Weight had indirect effect via Grain Number of Ear (0.202). as positively on yield. And also Height of First Ear have been negative indirect effect (-0.234) on yield. Grain Number of Ear Grain Number of Ear values was varied from 534.9 number/ear to 713.0 number/ear. The higgest Grain Number of Ear was found at PX.9646 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. The lowest Grain Number of Ear was found at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Grain Number of Ear was found correlated with Cop Ratio, Height of First Ear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively.And also Grain Number of Ear correlated with Cop Ratio at 0.01 level signif iciantly but negatively. The direct contribution of Grain Number of Ear to Grain Yield was the higgest and positively (0.597). Grain Number of Ear had an appreciable indirect effect via Number of Ear Row (0.307), on yield. Grain Yield Grain Yield values was varied from 1456 kg/da to 827 kg/da. The higgest Grain Yield was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY. The lowest Number of Leaf was fount at TTM.815 maize variety which is obtain from T1GEM. Grain Yield was found correlated with Stem Size at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. And also Grain Yield correlated with Grain Weight of Ear at 0.01 level signif iciantly and positively. In addition, from table 9 it was clearly shown that Grain Number of Ear gave the highest direct positive effect (0.597) on yield, followed by plant height (0.375)on yield, followed by Number of Ear Row (0.350) and Tassel Flowering Date (0.316) on yield. In the same table, it was clearly shown that Height of First Ear gave the highest direct negative effect (-0.468) on yield. 65

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    Authors: Tanyolaç, M.Bahattin;

    ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out in Bornova ecological conditions in 1993-94 and 1994-95 growing seasons. In the research which was conducted according to randomized complete block with 4 replications, 7 bread wheat's were sown in 4 different plant densities. Some plant nutrition uptake and traits related to growth in different developing stage were detected and the relations between yield and the traits were calculated. As result, in 1994, the highest yield was obtained at the combination of variety of Seri- 82 and 300 plant/m2 (605 kg/da), in 1995, the combination which was given highest yield was Seri- 82 and 400 plant/m2 (649 kg/da). As a mean, in different variety and plant densities, the nitrogen content was between % 0.93 and 1.79, phosphorus content was between % 0.063 and 0.123, potassium content was between % 1.39 and 1.74, calcium content was between % 0.29 and 0.50, magnesium content was between % 0.06 and 0.12. In different variety and plant densities, as a mean, nitrogen uptake was between 5.20 and 14.05 kg/da, phosphorus uptake was between 0.80 and 1.99 kg/da, potassium uptake was between 5.95 and 12.85 kg/da, calcium uptake was between 2.95 and 6.15 kg/da, magnesium uptake was between 0.71 and 1.53 kg/da. The correlations among yield and nitrogen uptake, dry matter weight of above ground, leaf area index were established significantly positive in tillering and boot developing stage. ÖZET Deneme Bornova ekolojik koşullarında 1993-94 ve 1994-95 yetiştirme mevsimlerinde yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları, basit faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede, 7 ekmeklik buğday çeşiti 4 farklı bitki sıklığında ekilmiştir. Araştırmada bitkilerin farklı gelişme dönemlerindeki bazı besin elementleri alınımı ve büyüme ile ilgili kimi özellikler saptanmış ve bu özelliklerle verim arasındaki ilişkiler hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçta en yüksek dane verimleri 1994 yılında Seri-82 çeşitinin 300 bit/m2 sıklığından (605 kg/da), 1995 yılında ise Seri-82 çeşitinin 400 bit/m2 sıklığından (649 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Farklı çeşit ve sıklıklarda bitkilerin azot içerikleri ortalama olarak % 0.93 ile 1.79, fosfor içerikleri % 0.063 ile 0.123, potasyum içerikleri % 1.39 ile 1.74, kalsiyum içerikleri % 0.29 ile 0.50 ve magnezyum içerikleri ise % 0.06 ile 0.12 arasında varyasyon göstermiştir. Farklı çeşit ve sıklıklarda ortalama olarak 5.20 ile 14.05 kg/da azot, 0.80 ile 1.99 kg/da fosfor, 5.95 ile 12.85 kg/da potasyum, 2.95 ile 6.15 kg/da kalsiyum ve 0.71 ile 1.53 kg/da magnezyum topraktan kaldırılmıştır. Genotiplere göre değişmekle birlikte, genel olarak kardeşlenme ve sapa kalkma dönemlerinde verim ile topraktan kaldırılan azot miktarı, toprak üstü kuru madde ağırlığı, yaprak alanı indeksi arasında yüksek derecede önemli ve pozitif korelasyonlar saptanmıştır Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.

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    Authors: Salem Eljagmani; Ergin Murat Altuner;

    In Turkey, white cheese is a popular choice among the consumers and comprises about 60% of the entire domestic produce. Certain cheese varieties are endemic and commercially unavailable due to socioeconomic factors. In this study, five different types of white cheese were collected from the city of Kastamonu; one as a factory-packed brand, three as local-market open products, and one produced in a farm from cow milk. The study aimed to investigate the shelf-life of the cheese samples stored at 5, 15 and 25 °C. The microbiological and chemical tests were carried out regularly on 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at 5, 15 and 25 °C. The shelf-lives were reportedly found to be between the days 14 and 28. The pH values were high in all cases, with no significant decrease with changes in storage duration. Conversely, the salt contents were low on day 1 and decreased during the storage at different temperatures. Microbiological examinations revealed relatively high growth of microorganisms such as coliforms, Salmonella, and Staphylococci post-storage. In addition to bacterial growth, storage at increasing temperatures also led to changes in the sensory attributes such as appearance, texture, aroma and taste of the cheese.

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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Özbiçerler, Aylin;

    ÖZYÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİYENİ BAZI KİRAZ ÇEŞİTLERİNDE SIK DİKİM VEİSPANYOL BUDAMA SİSTEMİNİN MEYVE VERİM VE KALİTESİÜZERİNE ETKİLERİAylin ÖZBİÇERLERÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİFEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜBAHÇE BİTKİLERİ ANA BİLİM DALIDanışman : Prof. Dr. Ali KÜDENYıl : 2006, Sayfa 72sJüri : Prof. Dr. Ali KÜDENProf. Dr. Ayzin KÜDENProf. Dr. Faruk EMEKSİZBu çalışma, 2004-2005 yılları arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi PozantıTarımsal Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezinde yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, İdrisanacı üzerine aşılanan Sunburst, Hedelfingen, Meckenheimer, Early Rivers, Venüs,Nadino, Summit, Na-1, Lapins, Na-474 çeşitlerinde, İspanyol budama sistemiuygulanmıştır. Bu budama sisteminde ve doruk dallı budama siteminde fenolojikgözlem ve pomolojik analizler yapılmıştır. İspanyol budama sisteminde çiçeklenmeperiyodu 19-25 Nisan arasında, Doruk dallı budama sisteminde ise 30 Nisandabitmiştir. Her iki budama sisteminde Sunburst çeşidinin derim tarihi aynı zamandagerçekleşirken, diğer çeşitlerin derim tarihleri İspanyol Budama Sisteminde 5-11gün daha erken olmuştur. İspanyol budama sisteminde Lapins ve Summit çeşitlerininkalite özellikleri en iyi, Doruk Dallı budama sisteminde ise Sunburst çeşidinin kaliteözellikleri en iyi bulunmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kiraz, İspanyol Budama, Sık Dikim, Verim, Kalite.I ABSTRACTMsc. THESISTHE EFFECT OF HIGH DENSITY PLANTATION AND SPANISH BUSHPRUNING SYSTEMS ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITYCHARACTERISTICS OF SOME NEW SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARSAylin ÖZBİÇERLERDEPARTMENT OF HORTİCULTUREINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF CUKUROVASupervisor : Prof. Dr. Ali KÜDENYear : 2006, Pages 72pJury : Prof. Dr. Ali KÜDENProf. Dr. Ayzin KÜDENProf. Dr. Faruk EMEKSİZThis research was carried out at Cukurova University, Pozantı AgriculturalResearch and Application Center during 2004-2005 years. In the study, sweet cherrycultivars Sunburst, Hedelfingen, Meckenheimer, Early Rivers, Venüs, Nadino,Summit, Na-1, Lapins, Na-474 grafted on Idris rootstock were pruned as SpanishBush System. As well as this pruning tecnique, phenologycal and phomologycalinvestigations were performed in Central Leader System pruned trees. In SpanishBush System, blossom period was complated between 19-25 th April, while that datewas 30th April for Central Leader Pruned trees. The harvest date of Sunburst cultivarwas simultaneus for both of two pruning types although the harvest dates for othercultivars were earlier in an alteration of 5-11 days among Spanish Bush System.Lapins and Summit cultivars were pionering as in quality facts in Spanish BushSystem. On the other hand, Sunburst was leading for quality parameters in CentralLeader SystemKey Words: Sweet Cherry, Spanish Bush System, High Density, Yield, QualityII 72

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    Authors: Nejdet Karşıyakalı; Mahir Bülent Özgen; Bora Özveren; Haydar Durak; +2 Authors

    Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare the conventional and Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (cRARP and RsRARP) in term of perioperative clinical, pathological, and oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study included 238 consecutive male patients who underwent RARP between May 2008 and November 2020. RARP operations were performed by a single-surgeon. Patients were divided into groups according to the surgical approach and were statistically compared in terms of perioperative clinical, final pathological, and oncological outcomes. Results: The mean age of patients was 64 +/- 7 years. cRARP was performed in 134 (56.3\%) patients, whereas RsRARP in 104 (43.7\%). The frequency of patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class-2 score was higher in the RsRARP group (p0.05, for each). Conclusion: RsRARP allows a safe operation with a shorter surgical time and similar surgical margin positivity, oncological outcomes, and complication rates compared to cRARP.

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    Journal of Urological Surgery
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2022
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      Journal of Urological Surgery
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    Authors: Koç, Nur;

    Salinity effects on many plants developments in parallel with morphological properties and yield of plants. This study carried out greenhouse conditions in 2015-2016. It was aimed to determination of the effects on Agropyron species (Agropyron cristatum, A. desertorum and A. elongatum) of different salt concentrations (Control, 5, 10 and 15 EC dS/m NaCl). In the research was investigated such morphological properties as plant height, root length, total plant height, root/shoot length ratio, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, total fresh plant weight, fresh root/shoot weight ratio, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, total dry plant weight, dry root/shoot weight ratio, dry matter ratio, seeds per Spica, the content of K, Na and Cl in stem and root of these plants. While increasing salinity dosages wasn't effect on A. desertorum's aboveground plant height in this study results, increasing salinity dosages were caused that A. elongatum's aboveground plant height was increased by 5.6%. Seeds per Spica obtained from three Agropyron species grown until grain filling duration were determined that accordingly control groups', seeds per Spica of A. cristatum, A. desertorum and A. elongatum were decreased by increasing salt concentrations respectively 62.5 % 61.7% and 42.8 %. Although the maximum content of K in the stem was found by 2.56 % in tall wheatgrass with 5 EC dS/m salt concentration, the minimum content of K was determined with control groups in desert wheatgrass (0.85 %). The content of K element in stem was increased with increasing salt dosages in Agropyron species, especially in tall wheatgrass. While the content of Na in stem by 0.51 % of tall wheatgrass grown in 10 EC dS/m salt concentration was the maximum content of Na in stem, the minimum content of Na was determined by 0.06 in control groups of crested wheatgrass. Our findings show that A. elongatum was less impressed by salinity conditions more than other Agropyron species. This results show that A. elongatum was more adaptable in salinity conditions in terms of morphological. Tuzluluk, birçok bitkinin gelişmesi ve buna bağlı olarak morfolojik yapısı ve verimi üzerine etki etmektedir. 2015-2016 yıllarında sera koşullarında farklı tuzluluk seviyelerinin (Kontrol, 5, 10 ve 15 EC dS/m NaCl) ayrık türleri (Agropyron cristatum, A. desertorum ve A. elongatum) üzerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, bitki uzunluğu, kök/gövde uzunluk oranı, yaş gövde ağırlığı, yaş kök ağırlığı, toplam yaş bitki ağırlığı, yaş kök/gövde ağırlık oranı, kuru gövde ağırlığı, kuru kök ağırlığı, toplam kuru bitki ağırlığı, kuru kök/gövde ağırlık oranı, kuru madde oranı, başaktaki tane sayısı, bitkinin kök ve gövdesindeki K, Na ve Cl içeriği incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda artan tuz dozları otlak ayrığı ve kır ayrığının bitki boyuna etki etmezken, yüksek otlak ayrığının bitki boyunda artmaya (% 5.4) neden olmuştur. Dane dolum dönemine kadar yetiştirilen bu üç ayrık türünden elde edilen başaktaki tane sayısı ise tuz konsantrasyonlarındaki artışla kontrol gruplarına göre otlak ayrığında % 62.5, kır ayrığında % 61.7 ve yüksek otlak ayrığında ise % 42.8'lik tane sayısında bir azalma belirlenmiştir. Gövdede en yüksek K alımı yüksek otlak ayrığı bitkisinde 5 EC dS/m NaCl tuz uygulamasıyla % 2.56 olarak bulunurken, en az K alımı ise kır ayrığının kontrol grubunda % 0.85 K olarak tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle yüksek otlak ayrığında daha belirgin görülse de, ayrık türlerinde tuz uygulamasıyla birlikte bitkinin K alımı artmıştır. 10 EC dS/m NaCl' de yetiştirilen yüksek otlak ayrığının gövdesindeki Na içeriği % 0.51 olup en yüksek Na miktarı olarak kaydedilirken, en düşük gövdedeki Na içeriği ise otlak ayrığının kontrol grubunda % 0.06 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda yüksek otlak ayrığı diğer iki türe göre tuzlu şartlardan daha az etkilendiği görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar bize morfolojik etkileme bakımından tuzlu şartlara yüksek otlak ayrığının daha uyumlu olduğu sonucunu göstermiştir. Bu tez çalışması Öğretim Üyesi Yerleştirme Programı (ÖYP) Koordinatörlüğü tarafından 2015-ÖYP-078 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

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    Authors: Ayşe DELİGÖZ; Esra BAYAR; Musa GENÇ; Yasİn KARATEPE; +2 Authors

    Variations in the photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrate contents of needles of different age classes (current-year, 1-year-old, 2-year-old and 3-year-old) of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lambert) Holmboe trees in a young natural stand were investigated during the growing season. In current-year needles, total carbohydrate content was lower during June and July when the needle growth continued than in older age classes, but it was similar to other age classes in the months of August to October. Seasonal patterns of variations in total carbohydrate content were almost similar in 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old needles. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased from May to June, remained relatively constant or declined slightly during summer and autumn in 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old needles. In October, the pigment content was highest in 1-year-old needles, and lowest in 3-year-old needles. Our study indicated that total carbohydrate and pigment contents were affected by needle age classes and seasons. © 2018 Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.

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    Journal of Forest Science
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    Journal of Forest Science
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      Journal of Forest Science
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      Journal of Forest Science
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    Authors: Aydemir, Deniz; Gündüz, Gökhan; Özden, Seray;

    AbstractIn this study, the influence of thermal treatment on color changes of six different wood materials was investigated. Test specimens were subjected to three different temperatures (160, 180, and 200°C) and durations (3, 5, and 7 h). The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis, and then the statistical analysis of Tukey's test was conducted. After this treatment, the results showed that the color values of the six wood materials changed significantly. It was determined that L* (lightness) values decreased; the minimum change in L* was ∼4% for Juniper wood, and the maximum change in L* was ∼64% for Beech wood. The values of a* (red coordinate) and b* (yellow coordinate) showed varying levels of increase when the heat treatment conditions were 160°C for 3 to 7 h (not including Cherry wood), but the values began to decrease slowly after treatment at 160°C for 5 h. The ratios of the minimum and maximum color change in a* and b* were determined at 180°C for 3 h in Plane wood, 200°C for 5 h in Hazelnut wood, and 160°C for 3 h and 200°C for 7 h in Beech wood. As temperature and duration were increased, the minimum total color change (ΔE) was ∼3.5% for 160°C at 3 h in Cypress wood, and the maximum total color change (ΔE) was ∼50% for 200°C at 7 h in Cypress wood. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010

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    Color Research & Application
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Color Research & Application
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    Authors: Murat Selim Çepni; L. Potts; John B. Miima;

    AbstractTotal electron content (TEC) estimates derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal delays provide a rich source of information about the Earth's ionosphere. Networks of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers data can be used to represent the ionosphere by a Global Ionospheric Map (GIM). Data input for GIMs is dual‐frequency GNSS‐only or a mixture of GNSS and altimetry observations. Parameterization of GNSS‐only GIMs approaches the ionosphere as a single‐layer model (SLM) to determine GPS TEC models over a region. Limitations in GNSS‐only GIM TEC are due largely to the nonhomogenous global distribution of GPS tracking stations with large data gaps over the oceans. The utility of slant GPS ionospheric‐induced path delays for high temporal resolution from a single‐station data rate offers better representation of TEC over a small region. A station‐based vertical TEC (TECV) approach modifies the traditional single‐layer model (SLM) GPS TEC method by introducing a zenith angle weighting (ZAW) filter to capture signal delays from mostly near‐zenith satellite passes. Comparison with GIMs shows the station‐dependent TEC (SD‐TEC) model exhibits robust performance under variable space weather conditions. The SD‐TEC model was applied to investigate ionospheric TEC variability during the geomagnetic storm event of 9 March 2012 at midlatitude station NJJJ located in New Jersey, USA. The high temporal resolution TEC results suggest TEC production and loss rate differences before, during, and after the storm.

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    Space Weather
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    Authors: Kınay, Pervin;

    56 SUMMARY Studies on the Effect of Some Fertilizers on Macrophomina phaseolina Caused Charcoal Rot on Melons This study was carried out in 1993 in Ege University, Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Plant Protection. In the study, the effect of some fertilizers on charcoal rot caused b Macrophomina phaseolina on melons was investigated. The following results were obtained from studies: In vitro studies, generally fertilizer contained phosphorus.showed inhibitory effect on colonial growth of pathogen. Especially, diamonium phosphate caused a significant reduction in the growth of pathogen with increasing the dose. In the test made with sources of phosphorus, phosphoric asit inhibited the growth of pathogen causing a reduction on pH of medium, drastically. Also, diamonium phosphate reduced the colonial growth with increasing at the doses of chemical without any changes on pH. In greenhouse tests, diamonium phosphate caused a reduction by %17, while the fertilizer of 20.20.0 increased the disease severity. The other treatments also reduced the disease severity, but only slightly. Diamonium phosphate also indicated the best effect in respect to evaluations made on the number of survival plant, dry matter content and the length of plant. But, it is clear that treatments did not show a significant effect as a results of chemical analyses of N. P and K. 55 ÖZET Bu çalışma 1993 yılında E.Ü. Ziraat Fakültesi, Bitki Koruma Bölümünde yürütülmüştür. Çalışmada, gübrelerin kavunlarda kurumalara neden olan Macrophomina phaseolina'ya ve neden olduğu hastalık üzerindeki etkileri araştırılmıştır. Araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar aşağıda verilmiştir. - In vitro koşullarda genellikle fosfor içerikli gübreler M. phaseolina ' nı n koloni gelişimi üzerinde azaltıcı etki göstermişlerdir. Özellikle Diamonyum fosfat gübresi 200 ug/ml dozunda %50'lik bir azalmaya neden olmuştur. Fosfor kaynaklı kimyasal maddelerle yapılan çalışmada da Diamonyum fosfat doz artışı ile birlikte koloni gelişimini azaltmıştır. Fosforik asit ise pH'yı düşürmesi nedeniyle koloni gelişimini tamamen sı nı rlamı ş ti r. İn vivo çalışmalarda ise M. phaseolina ' nı n neden olduğu hastalık şiddeti üzerinde Diamonyum fosfat gübresi %17'lik bir azalışa neden olmuştur. Diğer gübre ve gübre kombinasyonlarında da kontrole göre hastalık şiddetinde azalmalar olduğu gözlenmiştir. Sadece 20. 20. 0 uygulamasında hastalık şiddeti arttırılmıştır. Canlı bitki sayısı, kuru madde verimi ve bitki boyunun saptandığı çalışmalarda da Diamonyum fosfat uygulamaları en iyi etkiye sahip olmuşlardır. N,P ve K analizlerinde ise uygulamalar arasında fark bulunamamıştır Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.

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    Authors: Öktem, Abdullah;

    -46- ÖZET Bu çalışma Çukurova üniversitesi Ziraat Fakültesi Tarla Bitkileri Bölümü Araştırma Alanında 1992 yılı II. ürün mısır yetiştirme sezonunda tesadüf blokları deneme desenine göre dört tekrarlamalı olarak yürütülmüştür. Denemede Çukurova bölgesinde II. ürün olarak en uygun mısır çeşidini belirlemek amacıyla 14 mısır çeşidi kullanılmıştır. En yüksek Tane Verimini CIBA GEIGY firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. En düşük Tane Verimi ise TîGEM'den temin edilen TTM.815 mısır çeşidinden elde edilmiştir. Verime etkili öğeleri belirlemek amacıyla korelasyon analizi yapılmış; Tane Verimi ile Sap Kalınlığı ve Yaprak Sayısı arasında 0.05 düzeyinde önemli seviyede pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Koralasyon katsayıları yardımıyla path analizi yapılmış, verime etkili direk ve dolaylı etkiler bulunmuştur. Analiz sonucunda Çizelge 9 'dan görüldüğü gibi Tane Verimine en yüksek olumlu doğrudan etkiyi. Koçanda Dane Sayısı 10.597) göstermiş, en düşük doğrudan etkiyi ise 0.063 ile Bindane Ağırlığı göstermiştir. Tane Verimine olan doğrudan, negatif en yüksek etkiyi -0.468 ile ilk Koçan Yüksekliği göstermiş, en düşük etkiyi ise -0.043 ile Koçan Boyu göstermiştir. Denemede incelenen özellikler yönünden elde edilen sonuçlar aşağıda özetlenmiştir. 01. Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklerime Süresi (gün): Bu özellik bakımından Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9646 mısır çeşidi 55.25 günlük ortalama ile en uzun Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklerime Süresi değerini alırken, Sapeksa firmasından temin edilen LG.55 mısır çeşidi 48.50 günlük ortalama ile en kısa Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklenme Süresini elde etmiştir. Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklerime Süresi ile Koçan Uzunluğu ve Sömek Oranı arasında %5 düzeyinde önemli seviyede pozitif ilişki bulunmuş t ur. Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklenme Süresinin, Tane-47- Verimine olan doğrudan etkisinin olumlu (0.316) olduğu, buna karşın özellikle Koçanda Dane Sayısı aracılığı ile oluşan dolaylı etkileşimin olumsuz olduğu bulunmuştur. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı 0.158' 1 ik değerle olumlu ve dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 02. Bitki Boyu (cm): Denenen çeşitler arasında en uzun boylu çeşit Sapeksa firmasından temin edilen LG.55 mısır çeşidinden, 227 cm olarak elde edilmiştir. En kısa boylu çeşit ise Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9540 mısır çeşidinden 193.3 cm olarak elde edilmiştir. Yapılan korelasyon analizi sonucunda bitki boyu ile ilk Koçan Yüksekliği arasında 0.01 düzeyinde önemli seviyede, pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Yapılan path analizi sonucunda» Bitki Boyunun, Tane Verimine olan doğrudan etkisinin olumlu (Û.375) olduğu bulunmuştur. Buna karşın Bitki Boyu aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etkiyi -0.332 ile İlk Koçan Yüksekliği olumsuz olarak göstermiştir. 03. ilk Koçan Yüksekliği (cm): En yüksek ilk Koçan Yüksekliği değeri 114 cm ile Basegene firmasından temin edilen MF.714 mısır çeşidinde ölçülmüş, en düşük ilk Koçan Yüksekliği değeri ise 81.8 cm ile Dekalb firmasından temin edilen DK.698 mısır çeşidinde ölçülmüştür. ilk Koçan Yüksekliği ile Sap Kalınlığı, Koçanda Sıra Sayısı ve Koçanda Dane Sayısı arasında %5 düzeyinde önemli, negatif ilişkiler bulunmuştur.' Tane Verimine olan doğrudan negatif en yüksek etkiyi - 0.468 ile ilk Koçan Yüksekliği göstermiş, ilk Koçan Yüksekliği vasıtasıyla tane verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etkiyi Bitki Boyu (0.266) olumlu olarak göstermiştir. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı -0.327' lik bir değerle negatif dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 04. Sap Kalınlığı (mm): En yüksek Sap Kalınlığı değerine 25.20 mm ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşitinde rastlanmış, en düşük Sap Kalınlığı değerine ise 20.90 mm ile Cargıll-48- firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinde rastlanmıştır. Sap Kalınlığı ile Koçan Kalınlığı arasında %5 seviyesinde önemli pozitif ve %1 seviyesinde Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı ile pozitif derecede önemli ilişkide bulunmuştur. Sap Kalınlığı ile Tane Verimi arasında %5 düzeyinde pozitif, önemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Sap Kalınlığı, Tane Verimine negatif doğrudan etkide bulunmasına rağmen: Sap Kalınlığı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etki 0.465 ile Koçan Kalınlığında gözlenmiştir. Buna karşın -0.266 ile Koçanda Dane Sayısı olumsuz, dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 05. Yaprak Sayısı (adet/bitki): En fazla Yaprak Sayısı değeri 12.75 ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 ve Tigem'den temin edilen TTM. 815 mısır çeşitleri arasında bulunmuş, en az yaprak sayısı değeri ise 9.75 adet/bitki ile Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9540 mısır çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Yaprak Sayısı doğrudan path değerinin düşük olmasına ragmen; Yaprak Sayısı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine -0.227' lik bir değerle Koçanda Dane Sayısı olumsuz, dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. Yaprak Sayısının Tane Verimine olan direk etkisinin düşük olmasına karşın. Bitki Boyu 0.206' lık bir değerle olumlu olarak dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 06. Koçan Uzunluğu (cm): En yüksek Koçan Uzunluğu değeri 21.75 cm ile Basagene firmasından temin edilen MF.714 mısır çeşidinde gözlenmiş, en kısa koçan uzunluğu değeri ise* 17.93 cm ile Tigem'den temin edilen TTM.815 mısır çeşidinde Gözlenmiştir. Koçan Boyu ile Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı arasında %5 düzeyinde önemli, pozitif ilişki bulunmuştur. Koçan Boyu, Tane Verimine düşük düzeyde olumsuz doğrudan etki göstermesine rağmen; Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı (0.347) ve Bitki Boyu (0.286) Koçan Boyu aracılığıyla Tane Verimine yüksek değerde olumlu dolaylı etki göstermiştir.-49- 07. Koçan Kalınlığı (mm): Koçan Kalınlığı değeri en fazla olan ve Pioneer firmasından temin edilen P.3377 mısır çeşidi 47.18 mm ile ilk sırayı alırken, kocan çapı en az olan ve Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidi 42.00 mm ile son sırayı almıştır. Koçan Kalınlığı ile Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı arasındaki ikili ilişki incelendiğinde %5 seviyesinde pozitif düzeyde önemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Koçan Kalınlığının düşük ve direk etkide bulunmasına karsın; Koçan Kalınlığı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etki 0.375 ile Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı ve Û.317 ile Koçanda Sıra Sayısında olumlu olarak gözlenmiştir. 08. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı (adet/koçan): En fazla koçanda sıra sayısı değeri 18.4 adet/koçan ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşidinde bulunmuş, en düşük koçanda sıra sayısı değeri ise 13.4 adet/koçan ile Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinde bulunmuştur. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı ile Koçanda Dane Sayısı arasında gözlenen ikili ilişkilerde %1 seviyesinde yüksek oranda pozitif ve önemli ilişki dikkat çekmektedir. Yine Sömek Oranı ile %5 seviyesinde, pozitif düzeyde önemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Koçanda Sıra Sayısı 0.350' lik direk path katsayı değerinde bulunmasına ragmen; Koçanda Sıra Sayısı aracılığıyla -0.524' lük bir değerle Koçanda Dane Sayısı olumsuz ve dolaylı etki göstermiştir. îlk Koçan Yüksekliği ise 0.304' lük değerle olumlu ve dolaylı bir etki göstermiştir. 09. Koçanda Sırada dane sayısı (adet/sıra): En yüksek Koçanda Sırada Dane Sayısı değerini 43.9 adet/sıra/koçan ile Curgıll firmasından temin edilen C.949 mısır çeşiti almış olup, en düşük Koçanda Sırada Dane sayısı değerini 37.2 adet/sıra/koçan ile Tigem'den temin edilen TTM.815 mısır çeşidi almıştır.-50- 10. Koçanda Dane Sayısı ( adet /koçan ) : Denenen çeşitler arasında en yüksek Koçanda Dane Sayısı değeri Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9646 mısır çeşit inden 713.0, En düşük Koçanda Dane Sayısı değeri ise Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinden 534.9 adet/koçan olarak elde edilmiştir. Koçanda Dane Sayısı ile Sömek Oranı arasındaki ikili ilişkide %5 seviyesinde pozitif ve önemli ilişki bulunmuştur. Koçanda Dane Sayısı 0.597' lik direk path katsayı değeriyle Tane Verimine en yüksek direk etkide bulunmuştur. Koçanda Dane Sayısı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan en yüksek dolaylı etkiyi 0.307' lik bir değerle Koçanda Sıra Sayısı. 0.293' lük bir değerle Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı göstermiştir. 11. Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı (gr) : En yüksek Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı değeri 203. 0 gr/koçan ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşidinde bulunmuş, en düşük Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı değeri ise 139.3 gr/koçan Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9646 mısır çeşitinde bulunmuştur. Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı ile tane verimi arasında %1 seviyesinde yüksek oranda pozitif düzeyde olumlu ilişki gözlenmiştir. Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı kısmen düşük olan (0.156) direk path katsayı değerinde, Tane Verimine olumlu direk etkide bulunurken; Koçanda Dane Ağırlığı aracılığıyla, 0.396' lik bir değerle Koçan Kalınlığı, 0.224 lük bir değerle Tepe Püskülü Çiçeklerime Süresi, olumlu ve dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur. 12.Bindane Ağırlığı (gr) s » En yüksek Bindane Ağırlığı değeri 358.3 gr ile Basagene firmasından temin edilen MF.714 mısır çeşidinde saptanmış, en düşük Bindane Ağırlığı değeri ise 271.0 gr ile Dekalb firmasından temin edilen DK.698 mısır çeşidinde saptanmıştır. Bindane Ağırlığı, Tan© Verimine düşük oranda olumlu direk etkide bulunurken, Bindane Ağırlığı aracılığıyla Tane Verimine olan dolaylı etki 0.202 ile Koçanda Dane Sayısında, olumlu olarak gözlenmiş, -0.234' lük bir değerle ilk Koçan Yüksekliği, olumsuz ve dolaylı etkide bulunmuştur.-51- 13. Sömek Oranı (%) t En yüksek Sömek Oranı deleri Sandoz firmasından temin edilen PX.9646 mısır çeşidinde %16.9 olarak ölçülmüş, en düşük sömek oranı değeri ise Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinde %12 olarak ölçülmüştür. Sömek Oranı, Tane Verimine olumlu direk etkide bulunmuştur. Sömek Oranı aracılığıyla Koçanda Dane Sayısı -0.373 ile olumsuz ve dolaylı bir etki gösterirken; Koçanda Sıra Sayısı 0.228' lik bir değerle olumlu ve dolaylı bir etki göstermiştir. 14. Hektolitre Ağırlığı (gr) : En yüksek Hektolitre Ağırlığı değeri 77.1 gr ile Cargıll firmasından temin edilen C.6127 mısır çeşidinde ölçülmüş, en düşük Hektolitre Ağırlığı değeri ise 71.8 gr ile Dekalb firmasından temin edilen XL. 72. AA mısır çeşidinde ölçülmüştür. Hektolitre Ağırlığı, Tane Verimine 0.197' lik direk path katsayı değeri ile olumlu olarak direk etkide bulunmuştur. Hektolitre Ağırlığı aracılığıyla tane verimine» 0.202 ile Bindane Ağırlığı, 0.190 ile Koçanda Dane Sayısı olumlu ve dolaylı etkide bulunurken; Bitki Boyu -0.152' lik bir değerle olumsuz ve dolaylı bir etki göstermiştir. 15. Tane Verimi (kg/da): En yüksek dekara Tane Verimi değerini 1456 kg/da ile Cıba Geıgy firmasından temin edilen G.4727 mısır çeşidi elde edenken, en düşük dekara Tane Verimi değerini 827 kg/da ile Tigem'den temin edilen TTM.815 mısır çeşidi elde etmiştir. -52- SUMMARY This study was conducted at the Area of Field Crop Department of Agriculture Faculty of Çukurova University in second crop growth season in 1992. The trial was set on randomized block desing with four replication. In this study correlation coefficients and path coefficients analysis which are occure direct and indirect searched for important agronomical and physiological properties of maize. In the study, 14 hybrid cultivar was used as a material which is adapted to çukurova region. Result of this investigation was summarized as follows; Plant Height The Plant Height values was varied from 193.3 cm to 227.0 cm. The higgest Plant Height was found at LG.55 maize variety which is obtain from SAPEKSA. The lowest Plant Height was fount at PX.9540 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. Plant Height was found correlated with Height of First ear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. The direct contribution of Plant Height to Grain Yield were hight (0.375). But Plant Height had an appreciable negative, indirect effect via Height of First Ear (-0.332). Height of first ear The Height of First Ear values was varied from 81.75 cm to 114.0 cm. The higgest Height of First Ear value was found at MF.714 maize variety which is obtain from BASEGENE. The lowest Height of First Ear value was fount at DK.698 maize variety which is obtain from DEKALB. Height of First Ear was found correlated with Stem Size, Number of Ear Row, Grain Number of Eear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and negatively. The direct contribution of Height of First Ear to Grain Yield was the highest and negatively (-0.468). Height of First Ear an appreciable indirect effect via Plant Height (0.266) and Stem Size (0.127) as a positively on yield.-53- Tassel Flowering Date Tassel Flovering Date values was varied from 48.50 cm to 55.25 cm. The higgest value was found at PX.9646 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. The lowest was fount at LG.55 maize variety which is obtain from SAPEKSA. Tassel Flowering Date was found correlated with Ear Lengt, Cop Ratio at 0,05 level signif iciantly and positively. Direct path coefficient of Tassel Flowering Date was found positively and night, but specialy Grain Number of Ear of indirect path coefficient was found negative. Stem Size Stem Size values was varied from 20.90 mm to 25.20 mm. The higgest was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY. The lowest was fount at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Stem Size was found correlated with Ear Size, Grain Yield at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. And also Grain Weight of Ear correlated at 0.01 level and positively. The direct contribution of Stem Size to Grain Yield were found negatively. But Stem Size had an appreciable positive, indirect effect via Ear Size (0.465). Number of leaf values was varied from 9.75 number to 12.75 number. The higgest Number of Leaf was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY. The lowest Number of Leaf was fount at PX.9540 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. Althought Number of Leaf direct path coefficient had found low. Number of Leaf had an appreciable indirect and neagtively effect via Grain Number of Ear (-0.227) on yield. And also Plant Height (0.206) were found positively indirect effect. Ear Lenght Ear Lenght values was varied from 17.93 cm to 21.73 cm. The higgest Ear Lenght value was found at MF.714 maize variety which is obtain from BASEGENE. The lowest Ear Lenght was fount at TTM.815 maize variety which is obtain from-54- TIGEM. Ear Lenght was found correlated with Grain Weight of Ear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. The direct contribution of Ear Lenght to Grain Yield was low and negatively. Ear Lenght had an appreciable indirect effect via Grain Weight of Ear (0.347), on yield. Ear Size Ear Size values was varied from 42.00 mm to 47.18 mm. The higgest Ear Size was found at P. 3377 maize variety which is obtain from PIONEER. The lowest Number of Leaf was found at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Ear Size was found correlated with Grain Weight of Ear, Stem Size at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. Direct path coefficient of Ear Size was found low. But Ear Size had an higgest indirect effect via Grain Weight of Ear (0.375) and Number of Ear Row (0.317) positively, on yield. Number of Ear Row Number of Ear Row values was varied from 13.40 number/ear to 18.40 number/ear. The higgest number of Ear Row was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY. The lowest Number of Leaf was fount at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Number of Leaf was found correlated with Number of aer at 0.05 level and Cop Ratio at 0.01 level signif iciantly and positively. And also Height of Firt Ear correlated at 0.05 level signif iciantly and negatively. The direct contribution of Number of Ear Row was hight and positively (0.350). But Number of Ear Row have a higgest negative indirect effect via Grain Number of Ear (-0.524) on yield. Indirect path coefficient of Number of Ear Row was found positive (0.304) on yield. Grain Number of Ear Row Grain Number of Ear Row values was varied from 37.18 number/ear to 43.90 number/ear. The higgest Grain Number of Row was found at C.949 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. The lowest Grain Number of Row was found at TTM.815 maize variety which is obtain from TÎGEM.-55- Test Weight Test Weight values was varied from 12.00 gr to 16.90 gr. The higgest Test Weight was found at PX.9646G maize variety which is obtain trom SANDOZ. The lowest Test Weight was found at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Direct path coefficient of Test Weight was found positively (0.197). Grain Weight of Ear Grain Weight of Ear values was varied from 139.3 gr to 203.0 gr. The higgest Grain Weigh of Ea value was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY, The lowest Grain Weight of Ear value was found at PX.9646 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. Grain Weight of Ear was found correlated with Grain Yield, Stem Size at 0.01 level signif iciantly and positively. And also Grain Weight of Ear correlated with Ear Lenght, Ear Size at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. Direct path coefficient of Grain Weight of Ear was found positively (0.156) on yield. However, Grain Weight of Ear had an appreciable indirect effect via Ear Size (0.396) on yield. Cop Ratio Cop Ratio values was varied from 71.80 gr to 77.60 grr. The higgest Cop Ratio was found at DK.711 maize variety which is obtain from DEKALB. The lowest Cop Ratio was found at XL.72.AA maize variety which is obtain from DEKALB. Cop Ratio was found correlated with Tassel Flovering Date, Number of Ear Row, Grain Number of Ear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. Cop Ratio has been positive direct effect to yield. While Cop Ratio had indirect effect via Grain Number of Ear (-0.373) as negatively. Number of Ear Row (0.228) and Height of First Ear have been positive indirect effect to yield. 1000 Grain Weight 1000 Grain Weight values was varied from 234.3 gr to 358.3 gr. The higgest 1000 Grain Weight was found at MF.714 maize variety which is obtain from BASEGENE. The lowest-56- 1000 Grain Weight was found at PX.9646 maize variety which is obtain from SANDÛZ. Direct path coefficient of 1000 Grain Weight was found positively. 1000 Grain Weight had indirect effect via Grain Number of Ear (0.202). as positively on yield. And also Height of First Ear have been negative indirect effect (-0.234) on yield. Grain Number of Ear Grain Number of Ear values was varied from 534.9 number/ear to 713.0 number/ear. The higgest Grain Number of Ear was found at PX.9646 maize variety which is obtain from SANDOZ. The lowest Grain Number of Ear was found at C.6127 maize variety which is obtain from CARGILL. Grain Number of Ear was found correlated with Cop Ratio, Height of First Ear at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively.And also Grain Number of Ear correlated with Cop Ratio at 0.01 level signif iciantly but negatively. The direct contribution of Grain Number of Ear to Grain Yield was the higgest and positively (0.597). Grain Number of Ear had an appreciable indirect effect via Number of Ear Row (0.307), on yield. Grain Yield Grain Yield values was varied from 1456 kg/da to 827 kg/da. The higgest Grain Yield was found at G.4727 maize variety which is obtain from CIBA GEIGY. The lowest Number of Leaf was fount at TTM.815 maize variety which is obtain from T1GEM. Grain Yield was found correlated with Stem Size at 0.05 level signif iciantly and positively. And also Grain Yield correlated with Grain Weight of Ear at 0.01 level signif iciantly and positively. In addition, from table 9 it was clearly shown that Grain Number of Ear gave the highest direct positive effect (0.597) on yield, followed by plant height (0.375)on yield, followed by Number of Ear Row (0.350) and Tassel Flowering Date (0.316) on yield. In the same table, it was clearly shown that Height of First Ear gave the highest direct negative effect (-0.468) on yield. 65

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    Authors: Tanyolaç, M.Bahattin;

    ABSTRACT This experiment was carried out in Bornova ecological conditions in 1993-94 and 1994-95 growing seasons. In the research which was conducted according to randomized complete block with 4 replications, 7 bread wheat's were sown in 4 different plant densities. Some plant nutrition uptake and traits related to growth in different developing stage were detected and the relations between yield and the traits were calculated. As result, in 1994, the highest yield was obtained at the combination of variety of Seri- 82 and 300 plant/m2 (605 kg/da), in 1995, the combination which was given highest yield was Seri- 82 and 400 plant/m2 (649 kg/da). As a mean, in different variety and plant densities, the nitrogen content was between % 0.93 and 1.79, phosphorus content was between % 0.063 and 0.123, potassium content was between % 1.39 and 1.74, calcium content was between % 0.29 and 0.50, magnesium content was between % 0.06 and 0.12. In different variety and plant densities, as a mean, nitrogen uptake was between 5.20 and 14.05 kg/da, phosphorus uptake was between 0.80 and 1.99 kg/da, potassium uptake was between 5.95 and 12.85 kg/da, calcium uptake was between 2.95 and 6.15 kg/da, magnesium uptake was between 0.71 and 1.53 kg/da. The correlations among yield and nitrogen uptake, dry matter weight of above ground, leaf area index were established significantly positive in tillering and boot developing stage. ÖZET Deneme Bornova ekolojik koşullarında 1993-94 ve 1994-95 yetiştirme mevsimlerinde yürütülmüştür. Tesadüf blokları, basit faktöriyel deneme desenine göre 4 tekerrürlü olarak kurulan denemede, 7 ekmeklik buğday çeşiti 4 farklı bitki sıklığında ekilmiştir. Araştırmada bitkilerin farklı gelişme dönemlerindeki bazı besin elementleri alınımı ve büyüme ile ilgili kimi özellikler saptanmış ve bu özelliklerle verim arasındaki ilişkiler hesaplanmıştır. Sonuçta en yüksek dane verimleri 1994 yılında Seri-82 çeşitinin 300 bit/m2 sıklığından (605 kg/da), 1995 yılında ise Seri-82 çeşitinin 400 bit/m2 sıklığından (649 kg/da) elde edilmiştir. Farklı çeşit ve sıklıklarda bitkilerin azot içerikleri ortalama olarak % 0.93 ile 1.79, fosfor içerikleri % 0.063 ile 0.123, potasyum içerikleri % 1.39 ile 1.74, kalsiyum içerikleri % 0.29 ile 0.50 ve magnezyum içerikleri ise % 0.06 ile 0.12 arasında varyasyon göstermiştir. Farklı çeşit ve sıklıklarda ortalama olarak 5.20 ile 14.05 kg/da azot, 0.80 ile 1.99 kg/da fosfor, 5.95 ile 12.85 kg/da potasyum, 2.95 ile 6.15 kg/da kalsiyum ve 0.71 ile 1.53 kg/da magnezyum topraktan kaldırılmıştır. Genotiplere göre değişmekle birlikte, genel olarak kardeşlenme ve sapa kalkma dönemlerinde verim ile topraktan kaldırılan azot miktarı, toprak üstü kuru madde ağırlığı, yaprak alanı indeksi arasında yüksek derecede önemli ve pozitif korelasyonlar saptanmıştır Bu tezin, veri tabanı üzerinden yayınlanma izni bulunmamaktadır. Yayınlanma izni olmayan tezlerin basılı kopyalarına Üniversite kütüphaneniz aracılığıyla (TÜBESS üzerinden) erişebilirsiniz.

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    Authors: Salem Eljagmani; Ergin Murat Altuner;

    In Turkey, white cheese is a popular choice among the consumers and comprises about 60% of the entire domestic produce. Certain cheese varieties are endemic and commercially unavailable due to socioeconomic factors. In this study, five different types of white cheese were collected from the city of Kastamonu; one as a factory-packed brand, three as local-market open products, and one produced in a farm from cow milk. The study aimed to investigate the shelf-life of the cheese samples stored at 5, 15 and 25 °C. The microbiological and chemical tests were carried out regularly on 1, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days of storage at 5, 15 and 25 °C. The shelf-lives were reportedly found to be between the days 14 and 28. The pH values were high in all cases, with no significant decrease with changes in storage duration. Conversely, the salt contents were low on day 1 and decreased during the storage at different temperatures. Microbiological examinations revealed relatively high growth of microorganisms such as coliforms, Salmonella, and Staphylococci post-storage. In addition to bacterial growth, storage at increasing temperatures also led to changes in the sensory attributes such as appearance, texture, aroma and taste of the cheese.

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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
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    Cogent Food & Agriculture
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
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      Cogent Food & Agriculture
      Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Özbiçerler, Aylin;

    ÖZYÜKSEK LİSANS TEZİYENİ BAZI KİRAZ ÇEŞİTLERİNDE SIK DİKİM VEİSPANYOL BUDAMA SİSTEMİNİN MEYVE VERİM VE KALİTESİÜZERİNE ETKİLERİAylin ÖZBİÇERLERÇUKUROVA ÜNİVERSİTESİFEN BİLİMLERİ ENSTİTÜSÜBAHÇE BİTKİLERİ ANA BİLİM DALIDanışman : Prof. Dr. Ali KÜDENYıl : 2006, Sayfa 72sJüri : Prof. Dr. Ali KÜDENProf. Dr. Ayzin KÜDENProf. Dr. Faruk EMEKSİZBu çalışma, 2004-2005 yılları arasında Çukurova Üniversitesi PozantıTarımsal Araştırma ve Uygulama Merkezinde yürütülmüştür. Bu çalışmada, İdrisanacı üzerine aşılanan Sunburst, Hedelfingen, Meckenheimer, Early Rivers, Venüs,Nadino, Summit, Na-1, Lapins, Na-474 çeşitlerinde, İspanyol budama sistemiuygulanmıştır. Bu budama sisteminde ve doruk dallı budama siteminde fenolojikgözlem ve pomolojik analizler yapılmıştır. İspanyol budama sisteminde çiçeklenmeperiyodu 19-25 Nisan arasında, Doruk dallı budama sisteminde ise 30 Nisandabitmiştir. Her iki budama sisteminde Sunburst çeşidinin derim tarihi aynı zamandagerçekleşirken, diğer çeşitlerin derim tarihleri İspanyol Budama Sisteminde 5-11gün daha erken olmuştur. İspanyol budama sisteminde Lapins ve Summit çeşitlerininkalite özellikleri en iyi, Doruk Dallı budama sisteminde ise Sunburst çeşidinin kaliteözellikleri en iyi bulunmuştur.Anahtar Kelimeler: Kiraz, İspanyol Budama, Sık Dikim, Verim, Kalite.I ABSTRACTMsc. THESISTHE EFFECT OF HIGH DENSITY PLANTATION AND SPANISH BUSHPRUNING SYSTEMS ON YIELD AND FRUIT QUALITYCHARACTERISTICS OF SOME NEW SWEET CHERRY CULTIVARSAylin ÖZBİÇERLERDEPARTMENT OF HORTİCULTUREINSTITUTE OF NATURAL AND APPLIED SCIENCESUNIVERSITY OF CUKUROVASupervisor : Prof. Dr. Ali KÜDENYear : 2006, Pages 72pJury : Prof. Dr. Ali KÜDENProf. Dr. Ayzin KÜDENProf. Dr. Faruk EMEKSİZThis research was carried out at Cukurova University, Pozantı AgriculturalResearch and Application Center during 2004-2005 years. In the study, sweet cherrycultivars Sunburst, Hedelfingen, Meckenheimer, Early Rivers, Venüs, Nadino,Summit, Na-1, Lapins, Na-474 grafted on Idris rootstock were pruned as SpanishBush System. As well as this pruning tecnique, phenologycal and phomologycalinvestigations were performed in Central Leader System pruned trees. In SpanishBush System, blossom period was complated between 19-25 th April, while that datewas 30th April for Central Leader Pruned trees. The harvest date of Sunburst cultivarwas simultaneus for both of two pruning types although the harvest dates for othercultivars were earlier in an alteration of 5-11 days among Spanish Bush System.Lapins and Summit cultivars were pionering as in quality facts in Spanish BushSystem. On the other hand, Sunburst was leading for quality parameters in CentralLeader SystemKey Words: Sweet Cherry, Spanish Bush System, High Density, Yield, QualityII 72

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    Authors: Nejdet Karşıyakalı; Mahir Bülent Özgen; Bora Özveren; Haydar Durak; +2 Authors

    Objective: This study aimed to assess and compare the conventional and Retzius-sparing robot-assisted radical prostatectomy (cRARP and RsRARP) in term of perioperative clinical, pathological, and oncological outcomes. Materials and Methods: This study included 238 consecutive male patients who underwent RARP between May 2008 and November 2020. RARP operations were performed by a single-surgeon. Patients were divided into groups according to the surgical approach and were statistically compared in terms of perioperative clinical, final pathological, and oncological outcomes. Results: The mean age of patients was 64 +/- 7 years. cRARP was performed in 134 (56.3\%) patients, whereas RsRARP in 104 (43.7\%). The frequency of patients with the American Society of Anesthesiologists Class-2 score was higher in the RsRARP group (p0.05, for each). Conclusion: RsRARP allows a safe operation with a shorter surgical time and similar surgical margin positivity, oncological outcomes, and complication rates compared to cRARP.

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    Journal of Urological Surgery
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2022
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      Journal of Urological Surgery
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    Authors: Koç, Nur;

    Salinity effects on many plants developments in parallel with morphological properties and yield of plants. This study carried out greenhouse conditions in 2015-2016. It was aimed to determination of the effects on Agropyron species (Agropyron cristatum, A. desertorum and A. elongatum) of different salt concentrations (Control, 5, 10 and 15 EC dS/m NaCl). In the research was investigated such morphological properties as plant height, root length, total plant height, root/shoot length ratio, fresh shoot weight, fresh root weight, total fresh plant weight, fresh root/shoot weight ratio, dry shoot weight, dry root weight, total dry plant weight, dry root/shoot weight ratio, dry matter ratio, seeds per Spica, the content of K, Na and Cl in stem and root of these plants. While increasing salinity dosages wasn't effect on A. desertorum's aboveground plant height in this study results, increasing salinity dosages were caused that A. elongatum's aboveground plant height was increased by 5.6%. Seeds per Spica obtained from three Agropyron species grown until grain filling duration were determined that accordingly control groups', seeds per Spica of A. cristatum, A. desertorum and A. elongatum were decreased by increasing salt concentrations respectively 62.5 % 61.7% and 42.8 %. Although the maximum content of K in the stem was found by 2.56 % in tall wheatgrass with 5 EC dS/m salt concentration, the minimum content of K was determined with control groups in desert wheatgrass (0.85 %). The content of K element in stem was increased with increasing salt dosages in Agropyron species, especially in tall wheatgrass. While the content of Na in stem by 0.51 % of tall wheatgrass grown in 10 EC dS/m salt concentration was the maximum content of Na in stem, the minimum content of Na was determined by 0.06 in control groups of crested wheatgrass. Our findings show that A. elongatum was less impressed by salinity conditions more than other Agropyron species. This results show that A. elongatum was more adaptable in salinity conditions in terms of morphological. Tuzluluk, birçok bitkinin gelişmesi ve buna bağlı olarak morfolojik yapısı ve verimi üzerine etki etmektedir. 2015-2016 yıllarında sera koşullarında farklı tuzluluk seviyelerinin (Kontrol, 5, 10 ve 15 EC dS/m NaCl) ayrık türleri (Agropyron cristatum, A. desertorum ve A. elongatum) üzerine etkisini belirlemek amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada bitki boyu, kök uzunluğu, bitki uzunluğu, kök/gövde uzunluk oranı, yaş gövde ağırlığı, yaş kök ağırlığı, toplam yaş bitki ağırlığı, yaş kök/gövde ağırlık oranı, kuru gövde ağırlığı, kuru kök ağırlığı, toplam kuru bitki ağırlığı, kuru kök/gövde ağırlık oranı, kuru madde oranı, başaktaki tane sayısı, bitkinin kök ve gövdesindeki K, Na ve Cl içeriği incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın sonucunda artan tuz dozları otlak ayrığı ve kır ayrığının bitki boyuna etki etmezken, yüksek otlak ayrığının bitki boyunda artmaya (% 5.4) neden olmuştur. Dane dolum dönemine kadar yetiştirilen bu üç ayrık türünden elde edilen başaktaki tane sayısı ise tuz konsantrasyonlarındaki artışla kontrol gruplarına göre otlak ayrığında % 62.5, kır ayrığında % 61.7 ve yüksek otlak ayrığında ise % 42.8'lik tane sayısında bir azalma belirlenmiştir. Gövdede en yüksek K alımı yüksek otlak ayrığı bitkisinde 5 EC dS/m NaCl tuz uygulamasıyla % 2.56 olarak bulunurken, en az K alımı ise kır ayrığının kontrol grubunda % 0.85 K olarak tespit edilmiştir. Özellikle yüksek otlak ayrığında daha belirgin görülse de, ayrık türlerinde tuz uygulamasıyla birlikte bitkinin K alımı artmıştır. 10 EC dS/m NaCl' de yetiştirilen yüksek otlak ayrığının gövdesindeki Na içeriği % 0.51 olup en yüksek Na miktarı olarak kaydedilirken, en düşük gövdedeki Na içeriği ise otlak ayrığının kontrol grubunda % 0.06 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda yüksek otlak ayrığı diğer iki türe göre tuzlu şartlardan daha az etkilendiği görülmüştür. Bu sonuçlar bize morfolojik etkileme bakımından tuzlu şartlara yüksek otlak ayrığının daha uyumlu olduğu sonucunu göstermiştir. Bu tez çalışması Öğretim Üyesi Yerleştirme Programı (ÖYP) Koordinatörlüğü tarafından 2015-ÖYP-078 nolu proje ile desteklenmiştir.

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    Authors: Ayşe DELİGÖZ; Esra BAYAR; Musa GENÇ; Yasİn KARATEPE; +2 Authors

    Variations in the photosynthetic pigments and total carbohydrate contents of needles of different age classes (current-year, 1-year-old, 2-year-old and 3-year-old) of Pinus nigra subsp. pallasiana (Lambert) Holmboe trees in a young natural stand were investigated during the growing season. In current-year needles, total carbohydrate content was lower during June and July when the needle growth continued than in older age classes, but it was similar to other age classes in the months of August to October. Seasonal patterns of variations in total carbohydrate content were almost similar in 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old needles. Chlorophyll and carotenoid contents increased from May to June, remained relatively constant or declined slightly during summer and autumn in 1-, 2-, and 3-year-old needles. In October, the pigment content was highest in 1-year-old needles, and lowest in 3-year-old needles. Our study indicated that total carbohydrate and pigment contents were affected by needle age classes and seasons. © 2018 Czech Academy of Agricultural Sciences. All rights reserved.

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    Journal of Forest Science
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    Journal of Forest Science
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Forest Science
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      Journal of Forest Science
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    Authors: Aydemir, Deniz; Gündüz, Gökhan; Özden, Seray;

    AbstractIn this study, the influence of thermal treatment on color changes of six different wood materials was investigated. Test specimens were subjected to three different temperatures (160, 180, and 200°C) and durations (3, 5, and 7 h). The data obtained were analyzed using variance analysis, and then the statistical analysis of Tukey's test was conducted. After this treatment, the results showed that the color values of the six wood materials changed significantly. It was determined that L* (lightness) values decreased; the minimum change in L* was ∼4% for Juniper wood, and the maximum change in L* was ∼64% for Beech wood. The values of a* (red coordinate) and b* (yellow coordinate) showed varying levels of increase when the heat treatment conditions were 160°C for 3 to 7 h (not including Cherry wood), but the values began to decrease slowly after treatment at 160°C for 5 h. The ratios of the minimum and maximum color change in a* and b* were determined at 180°C for 3 h in Plane wood, 200°C for 5 h in Hazelnut wood, and 160°C for 3 h and 200°C for 7 h in Beech wood. As temperature and duration were increased, the minimum total color change (ΔE) was ∼3.5% for 160°C at 3 h in Cypress wood, and the maximum total color change (ΔE) was ∼50% for 200°C at 7 h in Cypress wood. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Col Res Appl, 2010

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    Color Research & Application
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Color Research & Application
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    Authors: Murat Selim Çepni; L. Potts; John B. Miima;

    AbstractTotal electron content (TEC) estimates derived from Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) signal delays provide a rich source of information about the Earth's ionosphere. Networks of Global Positioning System (GPS) receivers data can be used to represent the ionosphere by a Global Ionospheric Map (GIM). Data input for GIMs is dual‐frequency GNSS‐only or a mixture of GNSS and altimetry observations. Parameterization of GNSS‐only GIMs approaches the ionosphere as a single‐layer model (SLM) to determine GPS TEC models over a region. Limitations in GNSS‐only GIM TEC are due largely to the nonhomogenous global distribution of GPS tracking stations with large data gaps over the oceans. The utility of slant GPS ionospheric‐induced path delays for high temporal resolution from a single‐station data rate offers better representation of TEC over a small region. A station‐based vertical TEC (TECV) approach modifies the traditional single‐layer model (SLM) GPS TEC method by introducing a zenith angle weighting (ZAW) filter to capture signal delays from mostly near‐zenith satellite passes. Comparison with GIMs shows the station‐dependent TEC (SD‐TEC) model exhibits robust performance under variable space weather conditions. The SD‐TEC model was applied to investigate ionospheric TEC variability during the geomagnetic storm event of 9 March 2012 at midlatitude station NJJJ located in New Jersey, USA. The high temporal resolution TEC results suggest TEC production and loss rate differences before, during, and after the storm.

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    Space Weather
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