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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Brandon J. Pludwinski; Bryan S. R. Grimwood;

    Particular types of nature-based tourism programs, including multi-day children’s overnight/residential summer camp canoe tripping programs in North America, often (re)produce (neo)colonial constructions of nature and the “wilderness.” The purpose of this paper is to expose how wilderness is constructed and circulated in the context of a particular summer camp’s canoe trips in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Within this paper, we identify how specific legacies of colonialism are maintained and redeployed through the practices and representations of summer camp canoe trippers. Specifically, analyses show how canoe trippers (re)produce and (re)enact the wilderness as seemingly empty, untouched, and pristine spaces. Drawing on a Foucauldian-styled discourse analysis, this research exposes recurrent power relations that normalize, re-inscribe, and enable unjust wilderness discourses on Canadian summer camp canoe trips.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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    Tourist Studies
    Article
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    Tourist Studies
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Europe PubMed Centra...arrow_drop_down
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      Tourist Studies
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      Tourist Studies
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Lazrak, Ali; Zhang, Jianfeng;

    We study pre-vote interactions in a committee that enacts a welfare-improving reform through voting. Committee members use decentralized promises contingent on the reform enactment to influence the vote outcome. Equilibrium promises prevent beneficial coalitional deviations and minimize total promises. We show that multiple equilibria exist, involving promises from high- to low-intensity members to enact the reform. Promises dissuade reform opponents from enticing the least enthusiastic reform supporters to vote against the reform. We explore whether some recipients of the promises can be supporters of the reform and discuss the impact of polarization on the total promises.

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    SSRN Electronic Journal
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2023
    License: CC BY
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      SSRN Electronic Journal
      Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2023
      License: CC BY
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    Authors: Cohen, Elizabeth S.; Couchman, Jane;
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    Renaissance and Reformation
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Renaissance and Refo...arrow_drop_down
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      Renaissance and Reformation
      Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Renaud Beeckmans;
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Theoretical Roman Ar...arrow_drop_down
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    Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2017
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Theoretical Roman Ar...arrow_drop_down
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      Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 2017
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Minnett, Valerie; Poutanen, Mary-Anne;

    En juillet 1912, le journal Montreal Daily Star répondait à l’appel lancé par des médecins de la ville et des réformateurs urbains et annonçait le concours « Swat the Fly » (Chasse à la mouche) dans toute la ville afin d’éliminer une terrible porteuse de maladie : la mouche. Les enfants qui rapportaient le plus de mouches mortes recevaient une récompense. Ainsi, presque mille enfants, principalement de familles de la classe ouvrière, s’inscrivirent à cette compétition qui dura trois semaines. Inciter des enfants montréalais à participer à ce concours faisait écho à une idée très répandue à cette époque, idée selon laquelle le meilleur moyen d’améliorer la santé publique et de combattre l’ignorance d’une génération était d’armer la suivante de connaissances. Tandis que la plupart des historiens/iennes reconnaissent que le succès des campagnes de promotion de mesures de santé publique reposait sur la participation des enfants, les jeunes restaient néanmoins souvent dépeints comme des bénéficiaires passifs des efforts menés par les réformateurs. Cet article démontre qu’au contraire, les enfants étaient des agents actifs dans les croisades de santé publique à la fois en tant que consommateurs et défenseurs. Responding to an appeal by city physicians and health reformers to destroy a prodigious disease carrier, the housefly, the Montreal Daily Star launched an island-wide contest in July 1912, offering prizes to children who collected the most dead flies. Nearly a thousand children, largely from working-class families, participated in a three-week-long "Swat the Fly" competition. Engaging Montreal children in this contest underscores a popular idea at the time that the best way to improve public health and combat the ignorance of a generation was to arm a new one with knowledge. While historians recognize that children's participation in campaigns to promote public health measures was pivotal to their success, youngsters are often rendered as passive recipients of reformers' efforts. We argue the contrary: children were active agents in public health crusades both as consumers and as advocates.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Urban History Reviewarrow_drop_down
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    Urban History Review; Érudit
    Other literature type . Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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      Urban History Review; Érudit
      Other literature type . Article . 2007 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Jayde Hirniak; Eugene I. Smith; Racheal Johnsen; Minghua Ren; +14 Authors

    ABSTRACTChemical characterization of cryptotephra is critical for temporally linking archaeological sites. Here, we describe cryptotephra investigations of two Middle–Upper Paleolithic sites from north‐west Italy, Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini. Cryptotephra are present as small (<100 µm) rhyolitic glass shards at both sites, with geochemical signatures rare for volcanoes in the Mediterranean region. Two chemically distinct shard populations are present at Arma Veirana (P1 and P2). P1 is a high silica rhyolite (>75 wt.%) with low FeO (<1 wt.%) and a K2O/Na2O > 1 and P2 is also a high silica rhyolite (>75 wt.%) but with higher FeO (2.33–2.65 wt.%). Shards at Riparo Bombrini (P3) are of the same composition as P1 shards at Arma Veirana, providing a distinct link between deposits at both sites. Geochemical characteristics suggest three possible sources for P1 and P3: eruptions from Lipari Island (56–37.7 ka) in Italy, the Acigöl volcanic field (200–20 ka) in Turkey and the Miocene Kirka‐Phrigian caldera (18 Ma) in Turkey. Eruptions from Lipari Island are the most likely source for P1,3 cryptotephra. This study highlights how cryptotephra can benefit archaeology, by providing a direct link between Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini as well as other deposits throughout the Mediterranean.

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    Journal of Quaternary Science
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    Journal of Quaternary Science
    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
    License: Wiley Online Library User Agreement
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    Authors: Lamb, Susan;

    Adolf Meyer (1866–1950) exercised considerable influence over the development of Anglo-American psychiatry during the first half of the twentieth century. The concepts and techniques he implemented at his prominent Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at Johns Hopkins remain important to psychiatric practice and neuro-scientific research today. In the 1890s, Meyer revised scientific medicine’s traditional notion of clinical skill to serve what he called the ‘New Psychiatry’, a clinical discipline that embodied social and scientific ideals shared with other ‘new’ progressive reform movements in the United States. This revision conformed to his concept ofpsychobiology– his biological theory of mind and mental disorders – and accorded with his definition of scientific medicine as a unity of clinical–pathological methods and therapeutics. Combining insights from evolutionary biology, neuron theory and American pragmatist philosophy, Meyer concluded that subjective experience and social behaviour were functions of human biology. In addition to the time-honoured techniques devised to exploit the material data of the diseased body – observing and recording in the clinic, dissecting in the morgue and conducting histological experiments in the laboratory – he insisted that psychiatrists must also be skilled at wielding social interaction and interpersonal relationships as investigative and therapeutic tools in order to conceptualise, collect, analyse and apply the ephemeral data of ‘social adaptation’. An examination of his clinical practices and teaching at Johns Hopkins between 1913 and 1917 shows how particular historical and intellectual contexts shaped Meyer’s conceptualisation of social behaviour as a biological function and, subsequently, his new vision of clinical skill for twentieth-century psychiatry.

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    Medical History
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    Medical History
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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      Medical History
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    Authors: James McNeil;
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    Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control
    Article . 2023 . Peer-reviewed
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      Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control
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    Authors: E. Guiry; M. Buckley;

    Over the past 1000 years, rats (Rattus spp.) have become one of the most successful and prolific pests in human society. Despite their cosmopolitan distribution across six continents and ubiquity throughout the world's cities, rat urban ecology remains poorly understood. We investigate the role of human foods in brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) diets in urban and rural areas over a 100 year period (ca AD 1790–1890) in Toronto, Canada using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of archaeological remains. We found that rat diets from urban sites were of higher quality and were more homogeneous and stable over time. By contrast, in rural areas, they show a wide range of dietary niche specializations that directly overlap, and likely competed, with native omnivorous and herbivorous species. These results demonstrate a link between rodent diets and human population density, providing the first long-term dietary perspective on the relative value of different types of human settlements as rodent habitat. This study highlights the potential of using the historical and archaeological record to provide a retrospective on the urban ecology of commensal and synanthropic animals that could be useful for improving animal management and conservation strategies in urban areas.

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    Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: Piper, Andrew;

    In November 2012, the newly created Open Science Collaboration published a brief article announcing a multi-year effort to “estimate the reproducibility of psychological science.” The collaboration was directed by Brian Nosek of the University of Virginia and would eventually involve over 250 co-authors. According to the collaboration, reproducibility was one of, if not the single most defining feature of the social endeavor known as “science.” “Other types of belief,” the authors write, “depend on the authority and motivations of the source; beliefs in science do not.” The ability to reproduce scientific results across time and space – the ability to have results be independent of the individuals involved – is what the authors argued makes science science. And yet the eventual findings of the reproducibility project showed a remarkable reproductive failure. Over half of all studies failed to indicate similar effects upon replication. The very value upon which science was supposed to be founded appeared to be an exception rather than a norm.

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    Journal of Cultural Analytics
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    Journal of Cultural Analytics
    Article . 2020 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.i...
    Preprint . 2019
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      Journal of Cultural Analytics
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      Journal of Cultural Analytics
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      https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.i...
      Preprint . 2019
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    Authors: Brandon J. Pludwinski; Bryan S. R. Grimwood;

    Particular types of nature-based tourism programs, including multi-day children’s overnight/residential summer camp canoe tripping programs in North America, often (re)produce (neo)colonial constructions of nature and the “wilderness.” The purpose of this paper is to expose how wilderness is constructed and circulated in the context of a particular summer camp’s canoe trips in Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario, Canada. Within this paper, we identify how specific legacies of colonialism are maintained and redeployed through the practices and representations of summer camp canoe trippers. Specifically, analyses show how canoe trippers (re)produce and (re)enact the wilderness as seemingly empty, untouched, and pristine spaces. Drawing on a Foucauldian-styled discourse analysis, this research exposes recurrent power relations that normalize, re-inscribe, and enable unjust wilderness discourses on Canadian summer camp canoe trips.

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    Tourist Studies
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    Tourist Studies
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    Authors: Lazrak, Ali; Zhang, Jianfeng;

    We study pre-vote interactions in a committee that enacts a welfare-improving reform through voting. Committee members use decentralized promises contingent on the reform enactment to influence the vote outcome. Equilibrium promises prevent beneficial coalitional deviations and minimize total promises. We show that multiple equilibria exist, involving promises from high- to low-intensity members to enact the reform. Promises dissuade reform opponents from enticing the least enthusiastic reform supporters to vote against the reform. We explore whether some recipients of the promises can be supporters of the reform and discuss the impact of polarization on the total promises.

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    SSRN Electronic Journal
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    Authors: Cohen, Elizabeth S.; Couchman, Jane;
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    Érudit
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    Renaissance and Reformation
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Renaud Beeckmans;
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    Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2017
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      Theoretical Roman Archaeology Journal
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    Authors: Minnett, Valerie; Poutanen, Mary-Anne;

    En juillet 1912, le journal Montreal Daily Star répondait à l’appel lancé par des médecins de la ville et des réformateurs urbains et annonçait le concours « Swat the Fly » (Chasse à la mouche) dans toute la ville afin d’éliminer une terrible porteuse de maladie : la mouche. Les enfants qui rapportaient le plus de mouches mortes recevaient une récompense. Ainsi, presque mille enfants, principalement de familles de la classe ouvrière, s’inscrivirent à cette compétition qui dura trois semaines. Inciter des enfants montréalais à participer à ce concours faisait écho à une idée très répandue à cette époque, idée selon laquelle le meilleur moyen d’améliorer la santé publique et de combattre l’ignorance d’une génération était d’armer la suivante de connaissances. Tandis que la plupart des historiens/iennes reconnaissent que le succès des campagnes de promotion de mesures de santé publique reposait sur la participation des enfants, les jeunes restaient néanmoins souvent dépeints comme des bénéficiaires passifs des efforts menés par les réformateurs. Cet article démontre qu’au contraire, les enfants étaient des agents actifs dans les croisades de santé publique à la fois en tant que consommateurs et défenseurs. Responding to an appeal by city physicians and health reformers to destroy a prodigious disease carrier, the housefly, the Montreal Daily Star launched an island-wide contest in July 1912, offering prizes to children who collected the most dead flies. Nearly a thousand children, largely from working-class families, participated in a three-week-long "Swat the Fly" competition. Engaging Montreal children in this contest underscores a popular idea at the time that the best way to improve public health and combat the ignorance of a generation was to arm a new one with knowledge. While historians recognize that children's participation in campaigns to promote public health measures was pivotal to their success, youngsters are often rendered as passive recipients of reformers' efforts. We argue the contrary: children were active agents in public health crusades both as consumers and as advocates.

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    Urban History Review; Érudit
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      Urban History Review; Érudit
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    Authors: Jayde Hirniak; Eugene I. Smith; Racheal Johnsen; Minghua Ren; +14 Authors

    ABSTRACTChemical characterization of cryptotephra is critical for temporally linking archaeological sites. Here, we describe cryptotephra investigations of two Middle–Upper Paleolithic sites from north‐west Italy, Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini. Cryptotephra are present as small (<100 µm) rhyolitic glass shards at both sites, with geochemical signatures rare for volcanoes in the Mediterranean region. Two chemically distinct shard populations are present at Arma Veirana (P1 and P2). P1 is a high silica rhyolite (>75 wt.%) with low FeO (<1 wt.%) and a K2O/Na2O > 1 and P2 is also a high silica rhyolite (>75 wt.%) but with higher FeO (2.33–2.65 wt.%). Shards at Riparo Bombrini (P3) are of the same composition as P1 shards at Arma Veirana, providing a distinct link between deposits at both sites. Geochemical characteristics suggest three possible sources for P1 and P3: eruptions from Lipari Island (56–37.7 ka) in Italy, the Acigöl volcanic field (200–20 ka) in Turkey and the Miocene Kirka‐Phrigian caldera (18 Ma) in Turkey. Eruptions from Lipari Island are the most likely source for P1,3 cryptotephra. This study highlights how cryptotephra can benefit archaeology, by providing a direct link between Arma Veirana and Riparo Bombrini as well as other deposits throughout the Mediterranean.

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    Journal of Quaternary Science
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    Journal of Quaternary Science
    Other literature type . Article . 2019 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Lamb, Susan;

    Adolf Meyer (1866–1950) exercised considerable influence over the development of Anglo-American psychiatry during the first half of the twentieth century. The concepts and techniques he implemented at his prominent Phipps Psychiatric Clinic at Johns Hopkins remain important to psychiatric practice and neuro-scientific research today. In the 1890s, Meyer revised scientific medicine’s traditional notion of clinical skill to serve what he called the ‘New Psychiatry’, a clinical discipline that embodied social and scientific ideals shared with other ‘new’ progressive reform movements in the United States. This revision conformed to his concept ofpsychobiology– his biological theory of mind and mental disorders – and accorded with his definition of scientific medicine as a unity of clinical–pathological methods and therapeutics. Combining insights from evolutionary biology, neuron theory and American pragmatist philosophy, Meyer concluded that subjective experience and social behaviour were functions of human biology. In addition to the time-honoured techniques devised to exploit the material data of the diseased body – observing and recording in the clinic, dissecting in the morgue and conducting histological experiments in the laboratory – he insisted that psychiatrists must also be skilled at wielding social interaction and interpersonal relationships as investigative and therapeutic tools in order to conceptualise, collect, analyse and apply the ephemeral data of ‘social adaptation’. An examination of his clinical practices and teaching at Johns Hopkins between 1913 and 1917 shows how particular historical and intellectual contexts shaped Meyer’s conceptualisation of social behaviour as a biological function and, subsequently, his new vision of clinical skill for twentieth-century psychiatry.

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    Medical History
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    Medical History
    Article . 2015 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: James McNeil;
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    Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control
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      Journal of Economic Dynamics and Control
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    Authors: E. Guiry; M. Buckley;

    Over the past 1000 years, rats (Rattus spp.) have become one of the most successful and prolific pests in human society. Despite their cosmopolitan distribution across six continents and ubiquity throughout the world's cities, rat urban ecology remains poorly understood. We investigate the role of human foods in brown rat (Rattus norvegicus) diets in urban and rural areas over a 100 year period (ca AD 1790–1890) in Toronto, Canada using stable carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) isotope analyses of archaeological remains. We found that rat diets from urban sites were of higher quality and were more homogeneous and stable over time. By contrast, in rural areas, they show a wide range of dietary niche specializations that directly overlap, and likely competed, with native omnivorous and herbivorous species. These results demonstrate a link between rodent diets and human population density, providing the first long-term dietary perspective on the relative value of different types of human settlements as rodent habitat. This study highlights the potential of using the historical and archaeological record to provide a retrospective on the urban ecology of commensal and synanthropic animals that could be useful for improving animal management and conservation strategies in urban areas.

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    Other literature type . 2018
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    Authors: Piper, Andrew;

    In November 2012, the newly created Open Science Collaboration published a brief article announcing a multi-year effort to “estimate the reproducibility of psychological science.” The collaboration was directed by Brian Nosek of the University of Virginia and would eventually involve over 250 co-authors. According to the collaboration, reproducibility was one of, if not the single most defining feature of the social endeavor known as “science.” “Other types of belief,” the authors write, “depend on the authority and motivations of the source; beliefs in science do not.” The ability to reproduce scientific results across time and space – the ability to have results be independent of the individuals involved – is what the authors argued makes science science. And yet the eventual findings of the reproducibility project showed a remarkable reproductive failure. Over half of all studies failed to indicate similar effects upon replication. The very value upon which science was supposed to be founded appeared to be an exception rather than a norm.

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    Journal of Cultural Analytics
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    Journal of Cultural Analytics
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    https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.i...
    Preprint . 2019
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      Journal of Cultural Analytics
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      Journal of Cultural Analytics
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      https://doi.org/10.31235/osf.i...
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