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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ugolini, Daniela;

    International audience; Researches of the last fifty years in the western South of France brought new evidences about the pre-colonial phase, the discovery of the Greek city of Béziers (Béziers I)-one of the two Rhòde of the sources-, considerable advances on the Greek Agde (Agàthe) and on native sites. They shed light on why and how Greek colonization took root and, thereafter, on a different colonial functioning than envisaged before, in which the Dorian component-seemingly extended to the Rhòde of Iberia-preceded the Phocean one and counterbalanced the Marseille's role for several centuries.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Hyper Article en Lig...arrow_drop_down
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    Other literature type . 2018
    JOURNAL OF GREEK ARCHAEOLOGY
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Chen, C. L.; Pan, C. J.; Röttger, J.; Anandan, V. K.;

    Abstract. This paper presents observations of low-altitude mid-latitude E-region irregularities obtained with the 52-MHz Chung-Li VHF radar. These are carried out in the interferometer mode to investigate the behavior of these irregularities over time and space. The observations presented here show the characteristics of type-II echoes noted by a negative slope, i.e. they are approaching the radar as a function of time. The range-time-intensity (RTI) plots obtained through power spectrum analysis reveal the quasi-periodic striations, which are known as LQP (Low-altitude QP) echoes. Our interferometer analysis allows one to investigate the motion (i.e. "tracking") of the LQP echo patches in three dimensions. This method is superior to just evaluating the variations of the echo power as a function of range and time in the standard RTI-plots. By applying this method, we show that the echo patches in different striations remain at almost the same altitude when we trace the isolated echoing regions until they disappear from the radar view. We further compare the rate of change of the range (range rate dR/dt) by two techniques: one by simply measuring the varying slope of the LQP echoes from RTI plot, the other by tracking the three-dimensional locations of the LQP scatterers by using the interferometer technique. We finally prove that the changes in range as a function of time, deduced from the interferometer technique, are significantly correlated with those of the standard range rate analysis. However, the standard range rate analysis does not provide information about the correct location and the variation of the LQP irregularities. The three-dimensional analysis, which we introduced for tracking individual striations, shows that LQP echo patches are confined to between 98 and 100km altitude. This suggests that the irregularities which cause the LQP echoes drifted through the radar beam at approximately constant altitude, which we tend to attribute to a region of large-scale vertical shear of the horizontal wind.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Annales Geophysicaearrow_drop_down
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    Annales Geophysicae
    Article . 2005
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    Annales Geophysicae
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    Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO)
    Other literature type . 2018
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    Other literature type . 2005
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    Hal-Diderot
    Other literature type . 2005
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    Annales Geophysicae
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2005
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Annales Geophysicaearrow_drop_down
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      Annales Geophysicae
      Article . 2005
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      Annales Geophysicae
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      Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO)
      Other literature type . 2018
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      Other literature type . 2005
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      Hal-Diderot
      Other literature type . 2005
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      Annales Geophysicae
      Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 2005
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    Authors: Charfi-Cheikhrouha, Faouzia; Laulier, Marc; Hamelin, Emmanuelle; Mocquard, Jean-Pierre;

    Idotea chelipes a ete definie, sur la base des criteres morphologiques et de l'hemocyanine, comme espece polytypique qui groupe trois sous-especes : I. c. bocqueti, I. c. mediterranea et I. c. chelipes. Le statut taxinomique de ces trois sous-especes est reexamine en utilisant les donnees du polymorphisme enzymatique et les resultats des tests d'interfertilite par comparaison avec une autre espece, Idotea balthica. Douze populations d'I. chelipes ont ete analysees par electrophorese sur gel de polyacrylamide mettant en evidence 13 loci. A partir des frequences alleliques, les distances genetiques de Nei ont ete estimees. Celles-ci sont faibles entre les populations mais augmentent entre les sous-especes et deviennent importantes entre les especes. Un dendrogramme est construit et un modele de speciation est propose. Les statuts taxinomiques, specifique et subspecifique sont confirmes.

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    Genetics Selection Evolution
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    Genetics Selection Evolution
    Article . 1998 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1998
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      Genetics Selection Evolution
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      Genetics Selection Evolution
      Article . 1998 . Peer-reviewed
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      DOAJ
      Article . 1998
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    Authors: Neal, C.; Whitehead, P. G.; Flynn, N.;

    International audience; This contribution brings to a close a special issue of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences concerning the assessment of nitrogen dynamics in catchments across Europe within a semi-distributed Integrated Nitrogen model for multiple source assessment in Catchments (INCA). The wide range of issues involved in relation to hydrology and within-catchment processes, scale (from small catchments to major river basins), climate (from sub-arctic to Mediterranean regimes) and pollution (atmospheric, agricultural and urban sources) is outlined. Consideration is then given to how well the model has performed and future research requirements are outlined. Keywords: nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, catchments, streams, rivers, river basins

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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
    Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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    Other literature type . 2002
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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
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      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
      Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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      Other literature type . 2002
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      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
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    Authors: Gascuel, Chantal; Patrick, Bertuzzi; Allard, Denis; Raynal, Helene, H.;
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    Authors: Duponnois, R; Cadet, P; Senghor, K; Sougoufara, B;

    La sensibilité de sept espèces d'acacias australiens (#Acacia hilliana$, #A. holosericea$, #A. lysiphloia$, #A. mangium$, #A. sclerosperma$, #A. trachycarpa$ et #A. tumida$ à #Meloidogyne javanica$ est étudiée en faisant varier le nombre de juvéniles inoculés (100, 500 et 1000 juvéniles par pot). Ces sept espèces peuvent être considérées comme sensibles à ce nématode phytoparasite. La qualité de la plante hôte pour la multiplication du nématode est différente selon l'espèce d'#Acacia$ : #A. sclerosperma$, #A. hilliana$, #A. holosericea$ et #A. mangium$ sont de bons hôtes alors que #A. trachycarpa$, #A. tumida$ et #A. lysiphloia$ sont de mauvais hôtes pour ce nématode. Leur tolérance est aussi variable : #A. sclerosperma$, #A. hilliana$, #A. mangium$, #A. trachycarpa$ et #A. lysiphloia$ sont tolérants envers #M. javanica$ alors que le développement de #A. holosericea$ est significativement inhibé, au contraire de #A. tumida$ dont la croissance est stimulée. Un effet négatif du nématode sur la symbiose fixatrice d'azote est observé avec #A. mangium$ et #A. holosericea$ alors que #M. javanica$ favorise cette symbiose pour #A. tumida$ et #A. hilliana$. Dans ce cas, il est possible d'évaluer que 1 mg de matière sèche nodulaire provoque la formation de respectivement 98 et 88 mg de matière végétale sèche. (Résumé d'auteur)

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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 1997
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    Annales des Sciences Forestières
    Article . 1997 . Peer-reviewed
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      Horizon / Pleins textes
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      Hal-Diderot
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      Annales des Sciences Forestières
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    Authors: Pivert, Benoît;

    International audience

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    Allemagne d aujourd hui
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    Authors: Sylla, Tidiane;

    Aujourd’hui, les nombreuses applications de l’Internet des Objets (IoT : Internet of Things) peuvent significativement améliorer la vie quotidienne des utilisateurs. Grâce à ces applications, il est possible de commander à distance les différents appareils de la maison, surveiller les signes vitaux d’un patient et alerter automatiquement son médecin en cas de problème. Cependant, les problèmes de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée empêchent les utilisateurs de faire pleinement confiance à ces applications, ce qui peut avoir pour effet de ralentir l’adoption globale de ces technologies et leur large déploiement. Pour résoudre ces problèmes de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée, plusieurs solutions ont été proposées. Cependant, plusieurs défis restent encore à relever pour permettre une large adoption de ces applications. L’approche centrée sur l’utilisateur semble être très pertinente pour relever un grand nombre de ces défis. Pour offrir une sécurité et une protection de la vie privée centrées sur l’utilisateur et permettre la prise en charge de nombreuses applications IoT, les travaux de cette thèse proposent d’adapter la mise en œuvre des mécanismes de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée en fonction du contexte de l’utilisateur. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse présente l’architecture CASPaaS (Context-Aware Security and Privacy as a Service). Cette architecture de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée sensibles au contexte pour l’IoT est basée sur l’approche ‘as a service’. Elle garantit l’adaptation dynamique et personnalisée des services de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée en fonction du contexte de l’utilisateur. Grâce à la conception ‘as a service’, cette architecture se caractérise par une grande flexibilité qui lui permet de prendre en charge de nombreuses applications IoT. Dans un second temps, cette thèse présente un système permettant de gérer la sécurité et la fiabilité de l’architecture CASPaaS elle-même. Ce système, appelé SETUCOM (SEcure and TrUstworthy COntext Management) gère la sécurité des données contextuelles échangées au sein de l’architecture CASPaaS ainsi que la confiance des sources de données. Ceci permet de pallier un grand nombre d’attaques pouvant conduire au disfonctionnement de notre architecture CASPaaS. Dans un troisième temps, cette thèse présente un nouveau système de gestion décentralisée des autorisations sensibles au contexte pour l’IoT. Ce système, basé également sur l’approche ‘as a service’, offre à l’utilisateur une gestion dynamique, décentralisée et simple des autorisations. Dans un dernier temps, cette thèse s’intéresse au déploiement du service CASPaaS au plus proche des utilisateurs en se basant sur une infrastructure de type Edge Computing. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une nouvelle stratégie de placement dynamique de ce service. Cette stratégie fait appel à des techniques de l’intelligence artificielle afin de garantir un placement efficace tout en optimisant les différentes performances (réseau, service, capacités des nœuds Edge, processus de placement lui-même, etc.). Today, the Internet of Things (IoT) applications can significantly improve the daily life of users. Thanks to these applications, it is possible to control the various devices in the home remotely, monitor a patient's vital signs, and automatically alert his doctor when problems occur. However, security and privacy issues hinder the users to trust fully these applications, what may have as effect to slow down the overall adoption of these technologies and their widespread deployment. Several solutions have been proposed to address these security and privacy issues. Despite this, several challenges still need to be overcome to enable the global adoption of this type of application. The user-centric approach seems to be very relevant to address a large number of these challenges. To provide user-centric security and privacy protection and to enable the numerous IoT applications support, this thesis proposes to adapt the implementation of security and privacy protection mechanisms based on the user context and enable support for many IoT applications. First, this thesis presents the CASPaaS (Context-Aware Security and Privacy as a Service) architecture. This context-aware security and privacy architecture for IoT is based on the 'as a service' approach. It ensures the dynamic, personalized adaptation of security and privacy services based on the user's context. Thanks to the 'as a service' design, this architecture is characterized by high flexibility that will make it able to support multiple IoT applications. In a second step, this thesis presents a system to manage the security and reliability of the CASPaaS architecture itself. This system, called SETUCOM (SEcure and TrUstworthy COntext Management), addresses the security of the contextual data exchanged within the CASPaaS architecture and the trustworthiness of these data sources. This allows mitigating a large number of attacks that can lead to the malfunctioning of our CASPaaS architecture. In a third step, this thesis presents a new decentralized context-aware authorization management system for the IoT. This system, also based on the 'as a service' approach, offers the user dynamic, decentralized, and simple authorization management. Finally, this thesis focuses on deploying the CASPaaS service closer to the users based on an Edge Computing infrastructure. In this context, we propose a new dynamic placement strategy for this service. This strategy uses artificial intelligence techniques to ensure an efficient placement while optimizing the different performances (network, service, nodes capacities, placement process, etc.).

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    Authors: Tasei, J.-N.; Dinet, P.;

    International audience

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    Hal-Diderot
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    Apidologie
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    Apidologie
    Article . 1981 . Peer-reviewed
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      Apidologie
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      Apidologie
      Article . 1981 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Pineau, Bénédicte; Barbe, Jean-Christophe; van Leeuwen, Cornelis; Dubourdieu, Denis;

    But : Ce travail a été effectué pour tâcher de comprendre comment un moût issu du cépage Merlot et initialement neutre pouvait donner un vin avec des arômes caractéristiques de fruits rouges et noirs. Méthodes et Résultats : Des analyses sensorielles ont été effectuées sur des macérations de pellicules de Merlot réalisées en fonction d'observations au champ. Nous avons, dans un premier temps, montré que des notes fruitées intenses apparaissaient lors de la macération préfermentaire. Dans les milieux de macération utilisés, le développement des arômes de type fruits rouges et fruits noirs était lié à l'augmentation de la population levurienne. Les rôles des constituants pelliculaires ainsi que des levures ont été étudiés par le biais de la fermentation alcoolique de moûts modèles supplémentés en pellicules de Merlot ou en extrait éthanolique de ces pellicules. Les nuances aromatiques révélées par la fermentation alcoolique du moût seul n'étaient en rien similaires à celles des vins qu'ils soient blancs, rosés ou rouges. Au contraire, les vins obtenus lors des microvinifications en présence de pellicules ou d'extraits pelliculaires présentaient des notes claires et intenses de fruits rouges et noirs. Les microvinifications réalisées avec à la fois pellicules et extraits pelliculaires ont révélé les notes fruitées les plus intenses. Conclusions : Des constituants inodores des pellicules conduisent à des notes spécifiques de fruits rouges et noirs après la fermentation alcoolique. La présence physique de pellicules lors de la fermentation augmente nettement l'intensité des notes fruitées obtenues. Impact de l'étude : Ce travail montre pour la première fois l'existence de constituants pelliculaires inodores et extractibles par l'éthanol qui sont transformés par les levures pour conduire à des arômes spécifiques de fruits rouges et noirs dans le vin obtenu. Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate how an initially neutral Merlot must resulted in a wine with characteristic aromas of red- and black-berry fruit, focusing on the respective contributions of yeast metabolism together with grape juice, pulp, and skins. Methods and Results: Sensory analyses were performed on Merlot grape skin maceration models, based on observations in the winery. Initial findings revealed that strong fruity nuances appeared during pre-fermentation maceration. In the maceration models used, the development of aroma of red- and black-berry fruit systematically paralleled the growth of the yeast population. The respective roles of grape skins and yeasts were investigated throughout the alcoholic fermentation of model musts with addition of Merlot skins or Merlot skin extract in ethanol. The aromatic nuances revealed by alcoholic fermentation in a must alone had no specific white-, rosé-, or red-wine character. In contrast, wines made by microvinification with grape skins and/or grape skin extract in ethanol had a clear, intense aroma of red- and black-berry. Microvinification with both Merlot skin extract and grape skins revealed the most intense fruity character. Conclusions: Inodorous skin constituents produced a specific aroma of red- and black-berry fruit after alcoholic fermentation by yeast. The physical presence of grape skins during fermentation enhanced the intensity of the fruity nuances obtained. Significance and impact of the study: The study established, for the first time, the existence of inodorous constituents in Merlot grape skins, extractible by ethanol and transformed by yeasts to produce a specific aroma of red- and black-berry fruit in the finished wines.

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    Article . 2011
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    OENO One
    Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
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      OENO One
      Article . 2011
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      OENO One
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    Authors: Ugolini, Daniela;

    International audience; Researches of the last fifty years in the western South of France brought new evidences about the pre-colonial phase, the discovery of the Greek city of Béziers (Béziers I)-one of the two Rhòde of the sources-, considerable advances on the Greek Agde (Agàthe) and on native sites. They shed light on why and how Greek colonization took root and, thereafter, on a different colonial functioning than envisaged before, in which the Dorian component-seemingly extended to the Rhòde of Iberia-preceded the Phocean one and counterbalanced the Marseille's role for several centuries.

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    Other literature type . 2018
    JOURNAL OF GREEK ARCHAEOLOGY
    Article . 2018 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Chen, C. L.; Pan, C. J.; Röttger, J.; Anandan, V. K.;

    Abstract. This paper presents observations of low-altitude mid-latitude E-region irregularities obtained with the 52-MHz Chung-Li VHF radar. These are carried out in the interferometer mode to investigate the behavior of these irregularities over time and space. The observations presented here show the characteristics of type-II echoes noted by a negative slope, i.e. they are approaching the radar as a function of time. The range-time-intensity (RTI) plots obtained through power spectrum analysis reveal the quasi-periodic striations, which are known as LQP (Low-altitude QP) echoes. Our interferometer analysis allows one to investigate the motion (i.e. "tracking") of the LQP echo patches in three dimensions. This method is superior to just evaluating the variations of the echo power as a function of range and time in the standard RTI-plots. By applying this method, we show that the echo patches in different striations remain at almost the same altitude when we trace the isolated echoing regions until they disappear from the radar view. We further compare the rate of change of the range (range rate dR/dt) by two techniques: one by simply measuring the varying slope of the LQP echoes from RTI plot, the other by tracking the three-dimensional locations of the LQP scatterers by using the interferometer technique. We finally prove that the changes in range as a function of time, deduced from the interferometer technique, are significantly correlated with those of the standard range rate analysis. However, the standard range rate analysis does not provide information about the correct location and the variation of the LQP irregularities. The three-dimensional analysis, which we introduced for tracking individual striations, shows that LQP echo patches are confined to between 98 and 100km altitude. This suggests that the irregularities which cause the LQP echoes drifted through the radar beam at approximately constant altitude, which we tend to attribute to a region of large-scale vertical shear of the horizontal wind.

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    Annales Geophysicae
    Article . 2005
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    Annales Geophysicae
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    Annales Geophysicae (ANGEO)
    Other literature type . 2018
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    Annales Geophysicae
    Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2005
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      Annales Geophysicae
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      Other literature type . 2018
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      Other literature type . 2005
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      Annales Geophysicae
      Article . 2005 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Charfi-Cheikhrouha, Faouzia; Laulier, Marc; Hamelin, Emmanuelle; Mocquard, Jean-Pierre;

    Idotea chelipes a ete definie, sur la base des criteres morphologiques et de l'hemocyanine, comme espece polytypique qui groupe trois sous-especes : I. c. bocqueti, I. c. mediterranea et I. c. chelipes. Le statut taxinomique de ces trois sous-especes est reexamine en utilisant les donnees du polymorphisme enzymatique et les resultats des tests d'interfertilite par comparaison avec une autre espece, Idotea balthica. Douze populations d'I. chelipes ont ete analysees par electrophorese sur gel de polyacrylamide mettant en evidence 13 loci. A partir des frequences alleliques, les distances genetiques de Nei ont ete estimees. Celles-ci sont faibles entre les populations mais augmentent entre les sous-especes et deviennent importantes entre les especes. Un dendrogramme est construit et un modele de speciation est propose. Les statuts taxinomiques, specifique et subspecifique sont confirmes.

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    Genetics Selection Evolution
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    Genetics Selection Evolution
    Article . 1998 . Peer-reviewed
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    DOAJ
    Article . 1998
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      Genetics Selection Evolution
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      Genetics Selection Evolution
      Article . 1998 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Neal, C.; Whitehead, P. G.; Flynn, N.;

    International audience; This contribution brings to a close a special issue of Hydrology and Earth System Sciences concerning the assessment of nitrogen dynamics in catchments across Europe within a semi-distributed Integrated Nitrogen model for multiple source assessment in Catchments (INCA). The wide range of issues involved in relation to hydrology and within-catchment processes, scale (from small catchments to major river basins), climate (from sub-arctic to Mediterranean regimes) and pollution (atmospheric, agricultural and urban sources) is outlined. Consideration is then given to how well the model has performed and future research requirements are outlined. Keywords: nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, organic nitrogen, catchments, streams, rivers, river basins

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    Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
    Article . 2002 . Peer-reviewed
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      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
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      Hydrology and Earth System Sciences (HESS)
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    Authors: Gascuel, Chantal; Patrick, Bertuzzi; Allard, Denis; Raynal, Helene, H.;
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    Authors: Duponnois, R; Cadet, P; Senghor, K; Sougoufara, B;

    La sensibilité de sept espèces d'acacias australiens (#Acacia hilliana$, #A. holosericea$, #A. lysiphloia$, #A. mangium$, #A. sclerosperma$, #A. trachycarpa$ et #A. tumida$ à #Meloidogyne javanica$ est étudiée en faisant varier le nombre de juvéniles inoculés (100, 500 et 1000 juvéniles par pot). Ces sept espèces peuvent être considérées comme sensibles à ce nématode phytoparasite. La qualité de la plante hôte pour la multiplication du nématode est différente selon l'espèce d'#Acacia$ : #A. sclerosperma$, #A. hilliana$, #A. holosericea$ et #A. mangium$ sont de bons hôtes alors que #A. trachycarpa$, #A. tumida$ et #A. lysiphloia$ sont de mauvais hôtes pour ce nématode. Leur tolérance est aussi variable : #A. sclerosperma$, #A. hilliana$, #A. mangium$, #A. trachycarpa$ et #A. lysiphloia$ sont tolérants envers #M. javanica$ alors que le développement de #A. holosericea$ est significativement inhibé, au contraire de #A. tumida$ dont la croissance est stimulée. Un effet négatif du nématode sur la symbiose fixatrice d'azote est observé avec #A. mangium$ et #A. holosericea$ alors que #M. javanica$ favorise cette symbiose pour #A. tumida$ et #A. hilliana$. Dans ce cas, il est possible d'évaluer que 1 mg de matière sèche nodulaire provoque la formation de respectivement 98 et 88 mg de matière végétale sèche. (Résumé d'auteur)

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    Horizon / Pleins textes
    Other literature type . 1997
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    Annales des Sciences Forestières
    Article . 1997 . Peer-reviewed
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      Annales des Sciences Forestières
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    Authors: Pivert, Benoît;

    International audience

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    Allemagne d aujourd hui
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    Authors: Sylla, Tidiane;

    Aujourd’hui, les nombreuses applications de l’Internet des Objets (IoT : Internet of Things) peuvent significativement améliorer la vie quotidienne des utilisateurs. Grâce à ces applications, il est possible de commander à distance les différents appareils de la maison, surveiller les signes vitaux d’un patient et alerter automatiquement son médecin en cas de problème. Cependant, les problèmes de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée empêchent les utilisateurs de faire pleinement confiance à ces applications, ce qui peut avoir pour effet de ralentir l’adoption globale de ces technologies et leur large déploiement. Pour résoudre ces problèmes de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée, plusieurs solutions ont été proposées. Cependant, plusieurs défis restent encore à relever pour permettre une large adoption de ces applications. L’approche centrée sur l’utilisateur semble être très pertinente pour relever un grand nombre de ces défis. Pour offrir une sécurité et une protection de la vie privée centrées sur l’utilisateur et permettre la prise en charge de nombreuses applications IoT, les travaux de cette thèse proposent d’adapter la mise en œuvre des mécanismes de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée en fonction du contexte de l’utilisateur. Dans un premier temps, cette thèse présente l’architecture CASPaaS (Context-Aware Security and Privacy as a Service). Cette architecture de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée sensibles au contexte pour l’IoT est basée sur l’approche ‘as a service’. Elle garantit l’adaptation dynamique et personnalisée des services de sécurité et de protection de la vie privée en fonction du contexte de l’utilisateur. Grâce à la conception ‘as a service’, cette architecture se caractérise par une grande flexibilité qui lui permet de prendre en charge de nombreuses applications IoT. Dans un second temps, cette thèse présente un système permettant de gérer la sécurité et la fiabilité de l’architecture CASPaaS elle-même. Ce système, appelé SETUCOM (SEcure and TrUstworthy COntext Management) gère la sécurité des données contextuelles échangées au sein de l’architecture CASPaaS ainsi que la confiance des sources de données. Ceci permet de pallier un grand nombre d’attaques pouvant conduire au disfonctionnement de notre architecture CASPaaS. Dans un troisième temps, cette thèse présente un nouveau système de gestion décentralisée des autorisations sensibles au contexte pour l’IoT. Ce système, basé également sur l’approche ‘as a service’, offre à l’utilisateur une gestion dynamique, décentralisée et simple des autorisations. Dans un dernier temps, cette thèse s’intéresse au déploiement du service CASPaaS au plus proche des utilisateurs en se basant sur une infrastructure de type Edge Computing. Dans ce contexte, nous proposons une nouvelle stratégie de placement dynamique de ce service. Cette stratégie fait appel à des techniques de l’intelligence artificielle afin de garantir un placement efficace tout en optimisant les différentes performances (réseau, service, capacités des nœuds Edge, processus de placement lui-même, etc.). Today, the Internet of Things (IoT) applications can significantly improve the daily life of users. Thanks to these applications, it is possible to control the various devices in the home remotely, monitor a patient's vital signs, and automatically alert his doctor when problems occur. However, security and privacy issues hinder the users to trust fully these applications, what may have as effect to slow down the overall adoption of these technologies and their widespread deployment. Several solutions have been proposed to address these security and privacy issues. Despite this, several challenges still need to be overcome to enable the global adoption of this type of application. The user-centric approach seems to be very relevant to address a large number of these challenges. To provide user-centric security and privacy protection and to enable the numerous IoT applications support, this thesis proposes to adapt the implementation of security and privacy protection mechanisms based on the user context and enable support for many IoT applications. First, this thesis presents the CASPaaS (Context-Aware Security and Privacy as a Service) architecture. This context-aware security and privacy architecture for IoT is based on the 'as a service' approach. It ensures the dynamic, personalized adaptation of security and privacy services based on the user's context. Thanks to the 'as a service' design, this architecture is characterized by high flexibility that will make it able to support multiple IoT applications. In a second step, this thesis presents a system to manage the security and reliability of the CASPaaS architecture itself. This system, called SETUCOM (SEcure and TrUstworthy COntext Management), addresses the security of the contextual data exchanged within the CASPaaS architecture and the trustworthiness of these data sources. This allows mitigating a large number of attacks that can lead to the malfunctioning of our CASPaaS architecture. In a third step, this thesis presents a new decentralized context-aware authorization management system for the IoT. This system, also based on the 'as a service' approach, offers the user dynamic, decentralized, and simple authorization management. Finally, this thesis focuses on deploying the CASPaaS service closer to the users based on an Edge Computing infrastructure. In this context, we propose a new dynamic placement strategy for this service. This strategy uses artificial intelligence techniques to ensure an efficient placement while optimizing the different performances (network, service, nodes capacities, placement process, etc.).

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    Authors: Tasei, J.-N.; Dinet, P.;

    International audience

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    Apidologie
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    Apidologie
    Article . 1981 . Peer-reviewed
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      Apidologie
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      Apidologie
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    Authors: Pineau, Bénédicte; Barbe, Jean-Christophe; van Leeuwen, Cornelis; Dubourdieu, Denis;

    But : Ce travail a été effectué pour tâcher de comprendre comment un moût issu du cépage Merlot et initialement neutre pouvait donner un vin avec des arômes caractéristiques de fruits rouges et noirs. Méthodes et Résultats : Des analyses sensorielles ont été effectuées sur des macérations de pellicules de Merlot réalisées en fonction d'observations au champ. Nous avons, dans un premier temps, montré que des notes fruitées intenses apparaissaient lors de la macération préfermentaire. Dans les milieux de macération utilisés, le développement des arômes de type fruits rouges et fruits noirs était lié à l'augmentation de la population levurienne. Les rôles des constituants pelliculaires ainsi que des levures ont été étudiés par le biais de la fermentation alcoolique de moûts modèles supplémentés en pellicules de Merlot ou en extrait éthanolique de ces pellicules. Les nuances aromatiques révélées par la fermentation alcoolique du moût seul n'étaient en rien similaires à celles des vins qu'ils soient blancs, rosés ou rouges. Au contraire, les vins obtenus lors des microvinifications en présence de pellicules ou d'extraits pelliculaires présentaient des notes claires et intenses de fruits rouges et noirs. Les microvinifications réalisées avec à la fois pellicules et extraits pelliculaires ont révélé les notes fruitées les plus intenses. Conclusions : Des constituants inodores des pellicules conduisent à des notes spécifiques de fruits rouges et noirs après la fermentation alcoolique. La présence physique de pellicules lors de la fermentation augmente nettement l'intensité des notes fruitées obtenues. Impact de l'étude : Ce travail montre pour la première fois l'existence de constituants pelliculaires inodores et extractibles par l'éthanol qui sont transformés par les levures pour conduire à des arômes spécifiques de fruits rouges et noirs dans le vin obtenu. Aim: The aim of this study was to elucidate how an initially neutral Merlot must resulted in a wine with characteristic aromas of red- and black-berry fruit, focusing on the respective contributions of yeast metabolism together with grape juice, pulp, and skins. Methods and Results: Sensory analyses were performed on Merlot grape skin maceration models, based on observations in the winery. Initial findings revealed that strong fruity nuances appeared during pre-fermentation maceration. In the maceration models used, the development of aroma of red- and black-berry fruit systematically paralleled the growth of the yeast population. The respective roles of grape skins and yeasts were investigated throughout the alcoholic fermentation of model musts with addition of Merlot skins or Merlot skin extract in ethanol. The aromatic nuances revealed by alcoholic fermentation in a must alone had no specific white-, rosé-, or red-wine character. In contrast, wines made by microvinification with grape skins and/or grape skin extract in ethanol had a clear, intense aroma of red- and black-berry. Microvinification with both Merlot skin extract and grape skins revealed the most intense fruity character. Conclusions: Inodorous skin constituents produced a specific aroma of red- and black-berry fruit after alcoholic fermentation by yeast. The physical presence of grape skins during fermentation enhanced the intensity of the fruity nuances obtained. Significance and impact of the study: The study established, for the first time, the existence of inodorous constituents in Merlot grape skins, extractible by ethanol and transformed by yeasts to produce a specific aroma of red- and black-berry fruit in the finished wines.

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    Article . 2011
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      Article . 2011
      Data sources: DOAJ-Articles
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      Article . 2011 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
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      Article . 2011
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.