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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Woldstedt, Paul;

    Die Temperaturen Mitteleuropas, die im älteren Tertiär um etwa 20° C liegen, sinken im Laufe des Tertiärs ganz allmählich, um mit Beginn des Eiszeitalters denen der Gegenwart nahezukommen. Das Quartär ist durch kurze starke Schwankungen gekennzeichnet. Als Ursache kommen wohl zwei Hauptfaktoren in Frage: Zunahme des Reliefs der Erde und Schwankungen der Sonnenenergie (im ultravioletten Spektralbereich). Für die extremen Temperaturschwankungen des Quartärs in den mittleren Breiten spielen die polaren Eiskappen eine wichtige Rolle. research

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Eiszeitalter und Geg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 1954 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    DOAJ
    Article . 1954
    Data sources: DOAJ
    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 1954
    Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Eiszeitalter und Geg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 1954 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      DOAJ
      Article . 1954
      Data sources: DOAJ
      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 1954
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Hoffmann, Dietrich;

    Es wird über archäologische, geographische und geologische Arbeiten zur Landschafts- und Besiedlungsgeschichte des südlichen nordfriesischen Wattenmeeres berichtet. Bei der Untersuchung von mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Siedlungsplätzen und deren Untergrund auf der Insel Pellworm konnten u. a. neue Daten zur örtlichen Veränderung des Meeresspiegels im Holozän nachgewiesen werden: Danach hatte das Mittlere Tidehochwasser bereits in der zweiten Hälfte des letzten Jahrtausends vor Chr. Geb. eine Höhe von NN + 0,8 m erreicht, fiel danach jedoch wieder ab und stieg mit Beginn des zweiten Jahrtausends nach Chr. Geb. wieder an. research

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Eiszeitalter und Geg...arrow_drop_down
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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 1980 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 1980
    Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
    DOAJ
    Article . 1980
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Eiszeitalter und Geg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 1980 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 1980
      Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
      DOAJ
      Article . 1980
      Data sources: DOAJ
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Brosche, Karl-Ulrich; Molle, Hans-Georg; Schulz, Georg;

    Im nordtunesischen Untersuchungsgebiet (östliches Kroumirbergland) lassen sich verschiedene Ablagerungen voneinander trennen. Am jüngsten ist eine Feinmaterialakkumulation, die eine maximale Höhe von 5—6 m über Niedrigwasserbett und ein Erosionsniveau bei 2—2,5 m aufweist. Diese Akkumulation entspricht den Feinsedimentkörpern („Auelehme") Fregiens (1971). Nach zwei 14C-Daten (Holzkohle) wurden die Sedimente etwa seit 5000 B. P. abgelagert. Ungefähr in den gleichen Zeitraum fällt nach 14C-Daten die Ablagerung einer 6—12 m mächtigen „Dünensandterrasse" im Oued Malah. Die nächst ältere Ablagerung besteht aus einem Schotterkörper, der vor allem im Talgrund unter den oben genannten Akkumulationen anzutreffen ist. Nach Vergleichen mit Untersuchungsergebnissen in Zentraltunesien scheint ein würmzeitliches Alter der Schotter wahrscheinlich zu sein. Zeitlich nicht einstufen ließen sich kalkzementierte Dünen mit Terra rossa-Schlotten in Meeresnähe bei 12,5—13,5 m ü. M., eine oder mehrere Schotterterrassen mit Felssockeln bei 25—50 m über Niedrigwasserbett und kalkzementierte Dünen mit roten Bodensedimenten und einzelnen Sandsteinschottern bei 70—90 m, stellenweise sogar bei 130 m relativer Höhe über Niedrigwasserbett. research

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Copernicus Publicati...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 1976 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    DOAJ
    Article . 1976
    Data sources: DOAJ
    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 1976
    Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Copernicus Publicati...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: UnpayWall
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 1976 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      DOAJ
      Article . 1976
      Data sources: DOAJ
      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 1976
      Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: A. Grube;

    Der weichselkaltzeitliche Binnensander-Bereich Bargfeld-Stegen (Schleswig-Holstein) nördlich von Hamburg ist durch intensive periglaziäre Überprägung charakterisiert. Hierbei treten rinnenartige Hohlformen (Rinnen), von bis zu 26 m Breite und 3,5 m Tiefe in den Vordergrund. Häufige Gemeinsamkeiten dieser Rinnen sind ein flach-konvexes Rinnenprofil, flache Basisflächen bzw. ein Einschneiden der Rinne bis zu einer Grenzfläche (ehem. Permafrostfläche), eine bindige Füllung mit aufgearbeitetem oder umgelagerten Till, ein diapir-artiges Aufdringen von Teilen der Rinnenfüllung im oberen Bereich und im Randbereich, Unterschneidungen und andere fluviatile Kennzeichen an den Rinnenflanken sowie homogen mit Sand gefüllte Sekundär-Rinnen im zentralen oberen Teil der Strukturen. Sie sind bevorzugt an Hängen im Winkel zur Haupt-Eisvorstossrichtung sowie im Randbereich der vorhandenen Deck-Till-Verbreitung vorhanden. Es kommen verschiedene Entstehungsmöglichkeiten in Betracht. Die Strukturen dürften maßgeblich während der jüngeren Weichsel-Kaltzeit unter Frostbodenklima durch die Wirkung periglaziär-fluviatiler Prozesse (Abluation) in Verbindung mit Solifluktionsprozessen, gebildet worden sein. research

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Eiszeitalter und Geg...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
    DOAJ
    Article . 2012
    Data sources: DOAJ
    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 2012
    Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Eiszeitalter und Geg...arrow_drop_down
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
      DOAJ
      Article . 2012
      Data sources: DOAJ
      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 2012
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Rebekka Mecking; Matthias Meinecke; Ercan Erkul; Felix Pirson; +1 Authors

    The Yığma Tepe of Pergamon is one of the largest known burial mounds in the Eastern Mediterranean. Its internal structure, especially the existence and location of burials, remains unknown so far because its height of 32 m and the diameter of 158 m have restricted extensive excavations. To explore the interior of the Yığma Tepe, we applied shear wave reflection profiling and traveltime tomography, locally complemented by electrical resistivity tomography. Shear wave reflection imaging enabled us to identify the layering and localize structures down to the basal surface of the mound with a metre‐scale resolution. A grid of crossing SH‐wave profiles with 4‐m line spacing covered the central mound area. The Yığma Tepe can be subdivided into three stratigraphic layers representing different construction phases, each about 10 m thick. The deepest is a consolidated layer with a locally compacted surface. SH‐wave reflection imaging verified the collapsed remains of a tunnel system and a shaft at about 30‐m depth that had been dug into the mound at the level of the basal surface at the beginning of the 20th century. The tunnel collapse created a damage zone of decreased S‐wave velocity reaching up to the overlying middle layer, in which four seismic objects of interest (SOIs) were detected. The largest of these SOIs is a north–south‐oriented structure, about 15 m long and 4 m wide. SH‐viscoelastic forward modelling showed that it likely consists of a collapsed walled cavity with a zone of loosened soil above. The third layer covers the underlying two and is enriched with large stone packages as verified by local excavations. We show the capabilities of shear‐wave reflection seismic to image small‐scale structures under complicated topographic conditions and how characteristics of cavities and volumes of decompacted soil can be evaluated by wavefield modelling. Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 German Archaeological Institut (DAI)

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    Archaeological Prospection
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Archaeological Prospection
    Article
    License: CC BY NC
    Data sources: UnpayWall
    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 2021
    Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
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      Archaeological Prospection
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    Authors: P. Jaspersen;

    In der folgenden Arbeit wird der Nachweis geführt, daß auch in größerer Tiefe der zentralen grönländischen Eiskappe, abgesehen von der Bodenzone, ein Schmelzen nicht stattfindet. research

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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 1955 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 1955
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 1955 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Stanev, E. V.; Chtirkova, B.; Peneva, E.;

    Here, we revisit the existing concepts of the vertical structure of deep layers in the Black Sea using data from sensors deployed on profiling floats. The deep transition layer (DTL) between 700 and 1,700 m acts as an interface between the baroclinic layer and the largest bottom convective layer (BCL) of the world oceans. On top of DTL are the warm intermediate layer and deep cold intermediate layer. They both showed strong trends in the last 15 years due to warmer climate and intensification of warmer intrusions from Bosporus. A “salinity wave” was detected in 2005–2009 below ∼1,700 m, which evidenced for the first time the penetration of gravity flow from Bosporus down to the bottom. The layering of water masses was explained as resulting from the different distribution of sources of heat and salt, double diffusion, and balances between the geothermal and salinity flows in the BCL. © 2020. The Authors. Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (2) ISSN:1944-8007 ISSN:0094-8276

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    Geophysical Research Letters
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Research Collection
    Article . 2021
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    Geophysical Research Letters
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    Article . 2021
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    ETH Zürich Research Collection
    Article . 2021
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      Geophysical Research Letters
      Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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      Research Collection
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      Geophysical Research Letters
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    Authors: Ströbele, Florian; Wenzel, Thomas; Kronz, Andreas; Hildebrandt, Ludwig H.; +1 Authors

    Here, we present detailed electron microprobe analyses and age data of high-medieval lead-silver smelting slags. The mineral composition data provide a database of all silicate and oxide phases in the slag. Bulk chemistry as well as mineral composition is used to reconstruct liquidus, solidus, and viscosity of the slag melt. By calculating the mass balance of the smelting process, a mass ratio of the various compounds used in the smelting process is determined. Through this we were able to discriminate qualitatively between non-ferrous metal smelting slags and bloomery slags. We also report a new type and process of silver production in which argentiferous galmei (zinc carbonate) was used as a main silver ore together with galena. The results indicate a sophisticated high-medieval smelting technology, in which a slag with a low liquidus and a low viscosity was created. Universitat Tubingen

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    Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
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    Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY NC
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    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 2010
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      Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
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      Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
      Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Bertlich, Jacqueline; Gussone, Nikolaus; Berndt, Jasper; Arlinghaus, Heinrich F.; +6 Authors

    This study presents culture experiments of the cold water species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and provides new insights into the incorporation of elements in foraminiferal calcite of common and newly established proxies for paleoenvironmental applications (shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Na/Ca). Specimens were collected from sea ice during the austral winter in the Antarctic Weddell Sea and subsequently cultured at different salinities and a constant temperature. Incorporation of the fluorescent dye calcein showed new chamber formation in the culture at salinities of 30, 31, and 69. Cultured foraminifers at salinities of 46 to 83 only revealed chamber wall thickening, indicated by the fluorescence of the whole shell. Signs of reproduction and the associated gametogenic calcite were not observed in any of the culture experiments. Trace element analyses were performed using an electron microprobe, which revealed increased shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca values at higher salinities, with Mg/Ca showing the lowest sensitivity to salinity changes. This study enhances the knowledge about unusually high element concentrations in foraminifera shells from high latitudes. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma appears to be able to calcify in the Antarctic sea ice within brine channels, which have low temperatures and exceptionally high salinities due to ongoing sea ice formation. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003153 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

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    Geo-Marine Letters
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    THESIS ABSTRACT research

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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Other literature type . 2018
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Woldstedt, Paul;

    Die Temperaturen Mitteleuropas, die im älteren Tertiär um etwa 20° C liegen, sinken im Laufe des Tertiärs ganz allmählich, um mit Beginn des Eiszeitalters denen der Gegenwart nahezukommen. Das Quartär ist durch kurze starke Schwankungen gekennzeichnet. Als Ursache kommen wohl zwei Hauptfaktoren in Frage: Zunahme des Reliefs der Erde und Schwankungen der Sonnenenergie (im ultravioletten Spektralbereich). Für die extremen Temperaturschwankungen des Quartärs in den mittleren Breiten spielen die polaren Eiskappen eine wichtige Rolle. research

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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 1954 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 1954
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    Article . 1954
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 1954 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1954
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      Article . 1954
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    Authors: Hoffmann, Dietrich;

    Es wird über archäologische, geographische und geologische Arbeiten zur Landschafts- und Besiedlungsgeschichte des südlichen nordfriesischen Wattenmeeres berichtet. Bei der Untersuchung von mittelalterlichen und frühneuzeitlichen Siedlungsplätzen und deren Untergrund auf der Insel Pellworm konnten u. a. neue Daten zur örtlichen Veränderung des Meeresspiegels im Holozän nachgewiesen werden: Danach hatte das Mittlere Tidehochwasser bereits in der zweiten Hälfte des letzten Jahrtausends vor Chr. Geb. eine Höhe von NN + 0,8 m erreicht, fiel danach jedoch wieder ab und stieg mit Beginn des zweiten Jahrtausends nach Chr. Geb. wieder an. research

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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 1980 . Peer-reviewed
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 1980 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1980
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      Article . 1980
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    Authors: Brosche, Karl-Ulrich; Molle, Hans-Georg; Schulz, Georg;

    Im nordtunesischen Untersuchungsgebiet (östliches Kroumirbergland) lassen sich verschiedene Ablagerungen voneinander trennen. Am jüngsten ist eine Feinmaterialakkumulation, die eine maximale Höhe von 5—6 m über Niedrigwasserbett und ein Erosionsniveau bei 2—2,5 m aufweist. Diese Akkumulation entspricht den Feinsedimentkörpern („Auelehme") Fregiens (1971). Nach zwei 14C-Daten (Holzkohle) wurden die Sedimente etwa seit 5000 B. P. abgelagert. Ungefähr in den gleichen Zeitraum fällt nach 14C-Daten die Ablagerung einer 6—12 m mächtigen „Dünensandterrasse" im Oued Malah. Die nächst ältere Ablagerung besteht aus einem Schotterkörper, der vor allem im Talgrund unter den oben genannten Akkumulationen anzutreffen ist. Nach Vergleichen mit Untersuchungsergebnissen in Zentraltunesien scheint ein würmzeitliches Alter der Schotter wahrscheinlich zu sein. Zeitlich nicht einstufen ließen sich kalkzementierte Dünen mit Terra rossa-Schlotten in Meeresnähe bei 12,5—13,5 m ü. M., eine oder mehrere Schotterterrassen mit Felssockeln bei 25—50 m über Niedrigwasserbett und kalkzementierte Dünen mit roten Bodensedimenten und einzelnen Sandsteinschottern bei 70—90 m, stellenweise sogar bei 130 m relativer Höhe über Niedrigwasserbett. research

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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 1976 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 1976
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    Article . 1976
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 1976 . Peer-reviewed
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      Article . 1976
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    Authors: A. Grube;

    Der weichselkaltzeitliche Binnensander-Bereich Bargfeld-Stegen (Schleswig-Holstein) nördlich von Hamburg ist durch intensive periglaziäre Überprägung charakterisiert. Hierbei treten rinnenartige Hohlformen (Rinnen), von bis zu 26 m Breite und 3,5 m Tiefe in den Vordergrund. Häufige Gemeinsamkeiten dieser Rinnen sind ein flach-konvexes Rinnenprofil, flache Basisflächen bzw. ein Einschneiden der Rinne bis zu einer Grenzfläche (ehem. Permafrostfläche), eine bindige Füllung mit aufgearbeitetem oder umgelagerten Till, ein diapir-artiges Aufdringen von Teilen der Rinnenfüllung im oberen Bereich und im Randbereich, Unterschneidungen und andere fluviatile Kennzeichen an den Rinnenflanken sowie homogen mit Sand gefüllte Sekundär-Rinnen im zentralen oberen Teil der Strukturen. Sie sind bevorzugt an Hängen im Winkel zur Haupt-Eisvorstossrichtung sowie im Randbereich der vorhandenen Deck-Till-Verbreitung vorhanden. Es kommen verschiedene Entstehungsmöglichkeiten in Betracht. Die Strukturen dürften maßgeblich während der jüngeren Weichsel-Kaltzeit unter Frostbodenklima durch die Wirkung periglaziär-fluviatiler Prozesse (Abluation) in Verbindung mit Solifluktionsprozessen, gebildet worden sein. research

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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2012
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 2012 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Rebekka Mecking; Matthias Meinecke; Ercan Erkul; Felix Pirson; +1 Authors

    The Yığma Tepe of Pergamon is one of the largest known burial mounds in the Eastern Mediterranean. Its internal structure, especially the existence and location of burials, remains unknown so far because its height of 32 m and the diameter of 158 m have restricted extensive excavations. To explore the interior of the Yığma Tepe, we applied shear wave reflection profiling and traveltime tomography, locally complemented by electrical resistivity tomography. Shear wave reflection imaging enabled us to identify the layering and localize structures down to the basal surface of the mound with a metre‐scale resolution. A grid of crossing SH‐wave profiles with 4‐m line spacing covered the central mound area. The Yığma Tepe can be subdivided into three stratigraphic layers representing different construction phases, each about 10 m thick. The deepest is a consolidated layer with a locally compacted surface. SH‐wave reflection imaging verified the collapsed remains of a tunnel system and a shaft at about 30‐m depth that had been dug into the mound at the level of the basal surface at the beginning of the 20th century. The tunnel collapse created a damage zone of decreased S‐wave velocity reaching up to the overlying middle layer, in which four seismic objects of interest (SOIs) were detected. The largest of these SOIs is a north–south‐oriented structure, about 15 m long and 4 m wide. SH‐viscoelastic forward modelling showed that it likely consists of a collapsed walled cavity with a zone of loosened soil above. The third layer covers the underlying two and is enriched with large stone packages as verified by local excavations. We show the capabilities of shear‐wave reflection seismic to image small‐scale structures under complicated topographic conditions and how characteristics of cavities and volumes of decompacted soil can be evaluated by wavefield modelling. Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001665 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659 German Archaeological Institut (DAI)

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    Archaeological Prospection
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Archaeological Prospection
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      Archaeological Prospection
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    Authors: P. Jaspersen;

    In der folgenden Arbeit wird der Nachweis geführt, daß auch in größerer Tiefe der zentralen grönländischen Eiskappe, abgesehen von der Bodenzone, ein Schmelzen nicht stattfindet. research

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    Copernicus Publications
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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 1955 . Peer-reviewed
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
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      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 1955 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Stanev, E. V.; Chtirkova, B.; Peneva, E.;

    Here, we revisit the existing concepts of the vertical structure of deep layers in the Black Sea using data from sensors deployed on profiling floats. The deep transition layer (DTL) between 700 and 1,700 m acts as an interface between the baroclinic layer and the largest bottom convective layer (BCL) of the world oceans. On top of DTL are the warm intermediate layer and deep cold intermediate layer. They both showed strong trends in the last 15 years due to warmer climate and intensification of warmer intrusions from Bosporus. A “salinity wave” was detected in 2005–2009 below ∼1,700 m, which evidenced for the first time the penetration of gravity flow from Bosporus down to the bottom. The layering of water masses was explained as resulting from the different distribution of sources of heat and salt, double diffusion, and balances between the geothermal and salinity flows in the BCL. © 2020. The Authors. Geophysical Research Letters, 48 (2) ISSN:1944-8007 ISSN:0094-8276

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    Geophysical Research Letters
    Article . 2021 . Peer-reviewed
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    Research Collection
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    Geophysical Research Letters
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    ETH Zürich Research Collection
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      Geophysical Research Letters
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    Authors: Ströbele, Florian; Wenzel, Thomas; Kronz, Andreas; Hildebrandt, Ludwig H.; +1 Authors

    Here, we present detailed electron microprobe analyses and age data of high-medieval lead-silver smelting slags. The mineral composition data provide a database of all silicate and oxide phases in the slag. Bulk chemistry as well as mineral composition is used to reconstruct liquidus, solidus, and viscosity of the slag melt. By calculating the mass balance of the smelting process, a mass ratio of the various compounds used in the smelting process is determined. Through this we were able to discriminate qualitatively between non-ferrous metal smelting slags and bloomery slags. We also report a new type and process of silver production in which argentiferous galmei (zinc carbonate) was used as a main silver ore together with galena. The results indicate a sophisticated high-medieval smelting technology, in which a slag with a low liquidus and a low viscosity was created. Universitat Tubingen

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    Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
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    Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
    Article . 2010 . Peer-reviewed
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      Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
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      Archaeological and Anthropological Sciences
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    Authors: Bertlich, Jacqueline; Gussone, Nikolaus; Berndt, Jasper; Arlinghaus, Heinrich F.; +6 Authors

    This study presents culture experiments of the cold water species Neogloboquadrina pachyderma (sinistral) and provides new insights into the incorporation of elements in foraminiferal calcite of common and newly established proxies for paleoenvironmental applications (shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca and Na/Ca). Specimens were collected from sea ice during the austral winter in the Antarctic Weddell Sea and subsequently cultured at different salinities and a constant temperature. Incorporation of the fluorescent dye calcein showed new chamber formation in the culture at salinities of 30, 31, and 69. Cultured foraminifers at salinities of 46 to 83 only revealed chamber wall thickening, indicated by the fluorescence of the whole shell. Signs of reproduction and the associated gametogenic calcite were not observed in any of the culture experiments. Trace element analyses were performed using an electron microprobe, which revealed increased shell Mg/Ca, Sr/Ca, and Na/Ca values at higher salinities, with Mg/Ca showing the lowest sensitivity to salinity changes. This study enhances the knowledge about unusually high element concentrations in foraminifera shells from high latitudes. Neogloboquadrina pachyderma appears to be able to calcify in the Antarctic sea ice within brine channels, which have low temperatures and exceptionally high salinities due to ongoing sea ice formation. GEOMAR Helmholtz-Zentrum für Ozeanforschung Kiel http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003153 Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659

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    Geo-Marine Letters
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      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 2021
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    Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
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    Copernicus Publications
    Other literature type . 2018
    GEO-LEO e-docs
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
    ETH Zürich Research Collection
    Doctoral thesis . 2015
    Data sources: Datacite
    DOAJ
    Article . 2017
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Eiszeitalter und Geg...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart
      Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Copernicus Publications
      Other literature type . 2018
      GEO-LEO e-docs
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: GEO-LEO e-docs
      ETH Zürich Research Collection
      Doctoral thesis . 2015
      Data sources: Datacite
      DOAJ
      Article . 2017
      Data sources: DOAJ
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      You have already added works in your ORCID record related to the merged Research product.