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  • EU-CONEXUS
  • 2022-2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Stephan Grebien; Julian Göttsch; Boris Hage; Jaromír Fiurášek; +1 Authors

    Squeezed states of light have been improving the sensitivity of gravitational-wave observatories and are nonclassical resources of quantum cryptography and envisioned photonic quantum computers. The higher the squeeze factor is, the higher is the quantum advantage. Almost all applications of squeezed light require multi-path optical interference, whose unavoidable imperfections introduce optical loss, degrade the squeeze factor, as well as the quantum advantage. Here, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate the distillation of Gaussian squeezed states that suffered from Gaussian photon loss. Our demonstration already involves two distillation steps. The first step improved the squeeze factor from 2.4 dB to 2.8 dB by the subtraction of two photons. The second step improved the value from 2.8 dB to 3.4 dB by a Gaussification protocol. It was realised on data measured at different times via an 8-port balanced homodyne detector and via data post-processing. The number of distillation steps can be increased by longer data sampling times, without additional hardware. We propose and discuss the application to quantum cryptography and photonic quantum computers. References in the introduction as well as supplementary material added

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2022
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Physical Review Letters
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: APS Licenses for Journal Article Re-use
    Data sources: Crossref
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2022
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
    Data sources: Datacite
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ arXiv.org e-Print Ar...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2022
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Physical Review Letters
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: APS Licenses for Journal Article Re-use
      Data sources: Crossref
      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
      Article . 2022
      License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
      Data sources: Datacite
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Glera Suarez, Pablo; Pallarés Serrano, Antonio; Soto Peñaloza, David; Tarazona Álvarez, Beatriz; +2 Authors

    Background: A study is made of the findings of high-magnification rigid endoscopy at the root end surface following apicoectomy of teeth subjected to periapical surgery. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was made of patients subjected to periapical surgery at the Unit of Oral Surgery and Implantology (University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain) between 2011 and 2019. Following apicoectomy, the root end surfaces were inspected, with the evaluation of untreated canals, isthmuses, craze lines, crack lines, opaque dentin and gaps. Likewise, an analysis was made of the association between patient age and the tooth type and restoration and the presence of craze lines, cracks, opaque dentin and gaps. Results: The final sample consisted of 168 patients subjected to periapical surgery, with 177 operated teeth and 206 roots. Untreated canals were observed in 14 roots (6.8%). Isthmuses were identified in 74 roots (35.9%), particularly in the mesial root of the lower first molar (94.1%). In turn, craze lines were identified in 8.3% of the roots, cracks in 3.9%, and gaps in 53.4%. The prevalence of opaque dentin was 78.3%, with a greater presence in posterior teeth (90.3% in premolars and 86.2% in molars) than in anterior teeth (50.6%) (p<0.001). Patient age and tooth restoration showed no correlation to the studied parameters. Conclusions: Craze lines and crack lines were observed in less than 10% of the roots, though opaque dentin was identified in 73% of the roots, particularly in posterior teeth, and gaps were found in over half of the canals. Odontología

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    Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    Data sources: Crossref
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Medicina Oral Patolo...arrow_drop_down
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      Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Panagiota Kyriakaki; Foivos Zisis; Athanasios C. Pappas; Alexandros Mavrommatis; +1 Authors

    Although the inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in ruminants’ diets appears to be a well-documented strategy to enrich milk with PUFAs, several gene networks that regulate milk synthesis and mammary gland homeostasis could be impaired. The objective of this literature review is to assess the effects of nutritional strategies focused on enriching milk with PUFAs on gene networks regulating mammary gland function and lipogenesis, as well as the impact of feed additives and bioactive compounds with prominent antioxidant potential on immune-oxidative transcriptional profiling, as a part of mammary gland homeostasis and health. The findings support the conclusion that PUFAs’ inclusion in ruminants’ diets more strongly downregulate the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene compared to other key genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland. Additionally, it was revealed that seed oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids have no such strong impact on networks that regulate lipogenic homeostasis compared to marine oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Furthermore, ample evidence supports that cows and sheep are more prone to the suppression of lipogenesis pathways compared to goats under the impact of dietary marine PUFAs. On the other hand, the inclusion of feed additives and bioactive compounds with prominent antioxidant potential in ruminants’ diets can strengthen mammary gland immune-oxidative status. Considering that PUFA’s high propensity to oxidation can induce a cascade of pro-oxidant incidences, the simultaneous supplementation of antioxidant compounds and especially polyphenols may alleviate any side effects caused by PUFA overload in the mammary gland. In conclusion, future studies should deeply investigate the effects of PUFAs on mammary gland gene networks in an effort to holistically understand their impact on both milk fat depression syndrome and homeostatic disturbance.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Metabolitesarrow_drop_down
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    Metabolites
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
    Data sources: Crossref
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Metabolites
    Article . 2022
    DOAJ
    Article . 2022
    Data sources: DOAJ
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Metabolitesarrow_drop_down
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      Metabolites
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
      License: CC BY
      Data sources: Crossref
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
      Metabolites
      Article . 2022
      DOAJ
      Article . 2022
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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Pont Avilés, Alba;

    El presente trabajo trata sobre el Síndrome Phelan-McDermid. Este síndrome es una enfermedad rara de origen genético. En el presente trabajo se va a realizar una propuesta de intervención para mejorar la comunicación en personas con este síndrome en edad escolar a través de las sesiones de Audición y Lenguaje. En la primera parte del trabajo se realiza una fundamentación teórica del trabajo sobre aquellos conceptos relacionados con la Educación, Necesidades Educativas Especiales, Enfermedades Raras, así como Sistemas de Comunicación Aumentativos y Alternativos. Del mismo modo, en una segunda parte, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis sobre diferentes propuestas de actividades para realizar una propuesta de intervención con el objetivo de, como hemos mencionado anteriormente, mejorar la comunicación. Cabe destacar que las Unidades Didácticas se han desarrollado de acuerdo con aquellos aspectos más significativos y funcionales para la alumna apoyándonos siempre en el uso de un Sistema de Comunicación Aumentativo y Alternativo Finalmente, tras mostrar las propuestas de intervención, se encuentran las conclusiones extraídas del presente trabajo, así como reflexiones personales, propuestas de mejora y futuras líneas de investigación. El present treball tracta sobre la Síndrome Phelan-McDermid. Aquesta síndrome és una malaltia rara d'origen genètic. En el present treball es realitzarà una proposta d'intervenció per a millorar la comunicació en persones amb aquesta síndrome en edat escolar a través de les sessions d'Audició i Llenguatge. En la primera part del treball es realitza una fonamentació teòrica del treball sobre aquells conceptes relacionats amb l'Educació, Necessitats Educatives Especials, Malalties Rares, així com Sistemes de Comunicació Augmentatius i Alternatius. De la mateixa manera, en una segona part, s'ha dut a terme una anàlisi sobre diferents propostes d'activitats per a realitzar una proposta d'intervenció amb l'objectiu de, com hem esmentat anteriorment, millorar la comunicació. Cal destacar que les Unitats Didàctiques s'han desenvolupat d'acord amb aquells aspectes més significatius i funcionals per a l'alumna donant-nos suport sempre en l'ús d'un Sistema de Comunicació Augmentatiu i Alternatiu Finalment, després de mostrar les propostes d'intervenció, es troben les conclusions extretes del present treball, així com reflexions personals, propostes de millora i futures línies d'investigació The present work deals with the Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. This syndrome is a rare disease of genetic origin. In this paper we are going to make an intervention proposal to improve communication in people with this syndrome at school age through the sessions of Hearing and Language. In the first part of the work a theoretical foundation of the work is made on those concepts related to Education, Special Educational Needs, Rare Diseases, as well as Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems. In the same way, in a second part, an analysis of different proposals of activities has been carried out in order to make an intervention proposal with the aim of, as we have mentioned before, improving communication. It should be noted that the Didactic Units have been developed according to the most significant and functional aspects for the student, always relying on the use of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication System. Finally, after showing the intervention proposals, there are the conclusions drawn from this work, as well as personal reflections, proposals for improvement and future lines of research. Educación

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    RIUCV
    Bachelor thesis . 2022
    License: CC BY NC ND
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
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      RIUCV
      Bachelor thesis . 2022
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    Authors: Husvinee Sundaramurthi; Sandra García-Mulero; Valentina Tonelotto; Kayleigh Slater; +6 Authors

    Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) is characterized by poor patient survival. Unfortunately, current treatment options demonstrate limited benefits. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of ACY-1215, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), to attenuate growth of primary ocular UM cell lines and, in particular, a liver MUM cell line in vitro and in vivo, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. A significant (p = 0.0001) dose-dependent reduction in surviving clones of the primary ocular UM cells, Mel270, was observed upon treatment with increasing doses of ACY-1215. Treatment of OMM2.5 MUM cells with ACY-1215 resulted in a significant (p = 0.0001), dose-dependent reduction in cell survival and proliferation in vitro, and in vivo attenuation of primary OMM2.5 xenografts in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, flow cytometry revealed that ACY-1215 significantly arrested the OMM2.5 cell cycle in S phase (p = 0.0001) following 24 h of treatment, and significant apoptosis was triggered in a time-and dose-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Additionally, ACY-1215 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in OMM2.5 p-ERK expression levels. Through proteome profiling, the attenuation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) signaling pathway was linked to the observed anti-cancer effects of ACY-1215. In agreement, pharmacological inhibition of MITF signaling with ML329 significantly reduced OMM2.5 cell survival and viability in vitro (p = 0.0001) and reduced OMM2.5 cells in vivo (p = 0.0006). Our findings provide evidence that ACY-1215 and ML329 are efficacious against growth and survival of OMM2.5 MUM cells. TopMed10—Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions COFUND Programme Research Council—Enterprise Partnership Scheme 2020 European Commission Horizon 2020 Breakthrough Cancer Research

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    Cancers
    Other literature type . Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
    License: CC BY
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    Cancers
    Article
    License: CC BY
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    Cancers
    Article . 2022
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    Authors: Ioannis Gazoulis; Panagiotis Kanatas; Nikolaos Antonopoulos; Alexandros Tataridas; +1 Authors

    Intercropping cereals with legumes is a widely used agronomic practice to improve forage yield and quality in forage cropping systems. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of a false seedbed to reduce weed pressure in intercrops and monocultures of annual ryegrass and berseem clover during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons in western Greece. A split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications was set up. Seedbed manipulations assigned to the main plots included: normal seedbed preparation (NSB) and seeding, and two different false seedbeds. In the first (FSB 1) and second false seedbeds (FSB 2), weeds were controlled by shallow tillage at 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, after the first tillage and immediately before crop sowing. Forages were subplots of berseem clover (BCM) and annual ryegrass monocultures (ARM) and three intercrops with BCM:ARM ratios of 75:25 (ARBC 1), 50:50 (ARBC 2), and 25:75 (ARBC 3). FSB 1 reduced weed biomass by 27% and 34% compared to NSB in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). FSB 2 improved forage yield by 9% and 14% in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively, compared to FSB 1. Compared to NSB, FSB 2 also increased forage yield by 11% in 2020–2021 and 17% in 2021–2022. Berseem clover biomass was higher in FSB 2 than in NSB main plots in both years. In the first harvest, ARBC 3 was the most weed-suppressive intercrop, which also provided the highest forage yield in both the first and second harvests of both years, followed by ARM and ARBC 2. In the second harvest, forage yield was 11% and 12% higher in ARBC 3 subplots than in ARBC 1 and BCM subplots, respectively. Similar results were obtained for cumulative forage yield from two harvests. Further research is needed to evaluate other alternative practices for agroecological weed management in low-input forage production systems in the Mediterranean region.

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    Authors: Anagnostou, Irfan Ullah; Benjamin D. Braaten; Adnan Iftikhar; Symeon Nikolaou; Dimitris E.;

    The rapid growth of wireless spectrum access through cellular and IoT devices, for example, requires antennas with more capabilities such as being conformal and self-adapting beamforming. In this paper, the adaptive beamforming patterns of microstrip patch antenna arrays on changing flexible (or conformal) curved surfaces are developed by deriving array coefficients based on the projection method that includes the mutual coupling between elements. A linear four-element microstrip patch antenna array is then embedded on two deformed conformal surfaces to investigate the projection method for desired beamforming patterns. The generated beamforming radiation patterns using the computed weighting coefficients are validated with theoretical equations evaluated in MATLAB, full-wave simulations in HFSS and measurement results. The measured results of the fabricated system agree with the simulated results. Furthermore, new guidelines are provided on the effects of mutual coupling and changing conformal surfaces for various beam-forming patterns. Such demonstrations pave the way to an efficient and robust conformal phased-array antenna with multiple beam forming and adaptive nulling capabilities.

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    Authors: Konstantinos V. Arsenopoulos; Eleftherios Triantafillou; Athanasios I. Gelasakis; Elias Papadopoulos;

    Fly infestation remains a universal problem for dairy cattle herds, affecting the animals’ health and welfare status. Pre-weaned dairy calves are significantly challenged by the direct and indirect consequences of severe fly infestation, heat-stress and their interaction, which contribute to a stressful and fatiguing environment. Among several physiological, behavioral, clinical and biochemical traits, serum cortisol (SC) and creatine kinase (CK) levels, as well as feed consumption can be used as valid indicators of potential stressful and fatiguing conditions and, therefore, can be efficiently used for stress analysis studies. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the fly-repellency effect of deltamethrin on pre-weaned dairy calves exposed to heat stress conditions, as well as its association with SC, CK concentrations and feed consumption. Two commercial dairy cattle herds of the Holstein breed in Central Macedonia (Greece) were involved in the study during summer months and under heat stress conditions. Deltamethrin administration resulted in (i) a decreased fly population (100% Musca domestica) landing on pre-weaned dairy calves, (ii) a reduced SC (stress indicator) and CK (fatigue indicator) concentration, and (iii) an increased consumption of feedstuff in deltamethrin treated animals compared to the untreated ones.

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    Pathogens
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    Authors: García Rodríguez, Irene; Etopa Bitata, María del Pilar; García Escudero, María; Álamo Arce, Daniel David; +2 Authors

    Las tecnologías posibilitan la supresión de las barreras espaciales y temporales que la educación superior ha sufrido por la actual pandemia COVID-19, aportando nuevos escenarios educativos. El vídeo-análisisabre una ventana para la evaluación en la enseñanza clínica en Ciencias de la Salud. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la viabilidad del vídeo-análisis para analizar habilidades en la entrevista clínica en fisioterapia. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio con análisis de video y lista de cotejo en estudiantes de primer año .Gracias a los videos recopilados, se determinó que los alumnos analizados tienen mejor desarrolladas las habilidades relacionadas con realizar preguntas apropiadas en la entrevista, mientras que por el contrario existen más dificultades en las habilidades de saber escuchar. Los resultados muestran que el video-análisis es una herramienta práctica y válida para analizar tareas en entornos de simulación en ciencias de la salud, como ha sidoen esta actividad de entrevista clínica. Esta nueva forma de evaluación docente, además de aportar datos cuantificables, supone una nueva forma de justificar al alumno sus errores y aciertos durante la prueba, permitiendo establecer un potencial feedback para mejorar en sus habilidades clínicas. Así mismo, la posibilidad de evaluarse con un paciente simulado supone un acercamiento a la realidad profesional a la que se deben enfrentar una vez egresados Technologies make it possible to remove the spatial and temporal barriers that higher education has suffered due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, due to provide new educational scenarios. Video-analysis opens a window for evaluation in clinical teaching in Health Sciences. The objective of this research is to study the feasibility of video-analysis to analyze skills in the clinical interview in physiotherapy. An exploratory study with video analysis and checklist was conducted on first-year students. Thanks to the videos collected, it was determined that the students analyzed have better developed skills related to asking appropriate questions in the interview, while on the contrary there are more difficulties in listening skills. The results show that video-analysis is a practical and valid tool to analyze tasks in simulation environments in health sciences, as it has been in this clinical interview activity. Moreover, this innovative kind of evaluation provides quantifiable data, it is also a new way of justifying the student's mistakes and successes during the test, allowing them to establish potential feedback to improve their clinical skills. Likewise, the possibility of being evaluated with a simulated patient supposes an approach to the professional reality that they must face once they graduate. Fisioterapia

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    Authors: Bolonja, Dora;

    Od najranije dobi, dijete u obitelji gradi međuljudske odnose. Kako vrijeme prolazi, jako važnu ulogu ima svijet vršnjaka. Uz obitelj, škola je mjesto gdje djeca stvaraju nove međuljudske odnose. Dijete se uči nositi s porazom ili pobjedom, uči poštovati pravila i ono najbitnije uči kako se ponašati u skupini vršnjaka. Zahvaljujući vršnjacima, dijete uči nove obrasce ponašanja kao što su tolerancija, briga za druge, poštivanje različitosti i altruizam. Nažalost, događa se da dok su jedna prihvaćena od strane grupe, druga djeca bivaju odbačena. Iako možda nesvjesno, vršnjački odnosi jako utječu na samopouzdanje a samim tim i na buduće ponašanje djeteta. Kada grupa vršnjaka odbaci dijete, za očekivati je kako će isto imati manje samopouzdanja nego da su ga prihvatili. S druge strane, kada grupa vršnjaka prihvati dijete, pretpostavljamo kako motivacija raste te dijete dobije želju za napredovanjem i iskazivanjem. U teorijskom dijelu ovog rada prikazan je vršnjački kontekst razvoja, prijateljstvo, objasniti u kakvom su odnosu popularnost i prijateljstvo, na koji način vršnjački odnosi doprinose razvoju samopouzdanja djece te što možemo učiniti kako bi pomogli učenicima koji imaju manjak samopouzdanja ili nisu prihvaćena od strane vršnjaka. U drugom dijelu diplomskog rada, prikazano je istraživanje provedeno među 277 učenika četvrtih, šestih i osmih razreda u Zadru i okolici. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati kvalitetu prijateljstva s najboljim prijateljem i odnose s vršnjacima u razredu te odrediti njihov doprinos u objašnjenju samopouzdanja učenika. Unutar prvog problema utvrđivale su se prosječne razine kvalitete prijateljstva s najboljim prijateljem, odnosa s vršnjacima i samopouzdanja učenika. Kao što je pretpostavljeno, učenici su postizali umjerene do relativno visoke rezultate na ovim mjerama. Drugim se problemom nastojala ispitati povezanost samopouzdanja i kvalitete odnosa s najboljim prijateljem te vršnjacima u razredu. Rezultati su pokazali da što je veća razina školskog samopouzdanja i traženja pomoći, to je kvalitetniji odnos s najboljim prijateljem i s ostalim vršnjacima u razredu. Treći je problem bio usmjeren na razlike u samopouzdanju i percepciji kvalitete odnosa s najboljim prijateljem i vršnjacima s obzirom na razred koji učenici pohađaju. Ispostavilo se da nema razlike u odnosima s najboljim prijateljem i vršnjacima između različitih razina razreda, ali prisutne su na svim mjerama samopouzdanja. Četvrtim se problemom nastojalo ispitati doprinos kvalitete odnosa i školskog uspjeha u objašnjenju varijance samopouzdanja učenika te je utvrđeno da su mjerene varijable prediktori samopouzdanja. From an early age, children get familiar with interpersonal relationships in the family. With time, the world of peers plays a very important role. Along with family, school is a place where children develop new interpersonal relationships. Children learn to deal with defeat or victory, they learn to obey the rules and, most importantly, they learn how they should behave in a peer group. Thanks to peers, children learn new patterns of behavior such as tolerance, care for others, respect for diversity, and altruism. Unfortunately, while some children are accepted by the group, it may happen that other children experience rejection. Although perhaps unconsciously, peer relationships have a strong influence on self-confidence and, therefore, on a child’s future behavior. When a child is rejected by a peer group, it is to be expected that they would have a lower self-confidence level than they would had they been accepted. On the other hand, when a peer group accepts a child, we assume that motivation increases and the child gains the desire for progress and self-expression. In the theoretical part of this paper, the aim was to present the peer context of development, friendship, explain the relationship between popularity and friendship, to demonstrate how peer relationships contribute to the development of children’s self-confidence, and what we can do to help students who lack self-confidence or are not accepted by their peers. In the second part of the thesis, the research conducted among 277 students enrolled in the fourth, sixth, and eighth grade in Zadar and its surroundings is presented. The aim of this research was to examine the quality of friendship with a child’s best friend, as well as relationships with peers within the class, and to determine their contribution when it comes to students’ self-confidence. With regards to the first issue, the average levels of the quality of friendship with a child’s best friend, relationships with peers, and students’ self-confidence were determined. As anticipated, students achieved average results in said categories. The second issue dealt with the connection between self-confidence and the quality of relationships with a child’s best friend and peers within the class. The results showed that the higher the level of school self-confidence and help-seeking, the better the relationship with the best friend and with other peers within the class. The third issue focused on the differences in self-confidence and the perception of the quality of the relationship with a child’s best friend and peers with regards to the class the students attend. It turns out that there are no differences in relationships with a child’s best friend and their peers between different grade levels, but they are present in all of the self-confidence elements.

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Stephan Grebien; Julian Göttsch; Boris Hage; Jaromír Fiurášek; +1 Authors

    Squeezed states of light have been improving the sensitivity of gravitational-wave observatories and are nonclassical resources of quantum cryptography and envisioned photonic quantum computers. The higher the squeeze factor is, the higher is the quantum advantage. Almost all applications of squeezed light require multi-path optical interference, whose unavoidable imperfections introduce optical loss, degrade the squeeze factor, as well as the quantum advantage. Here, for the first time, we experimentally demonstrate the distillation of Gaussian squeezed states that suffered from Gaussian photon loss. Our demonstration already involves two distillation steps. The first step improved the squeeze factor from 2.4 dB to 2.8 dB by the subtraction of two photons. The second step improved the value from 2.8 dB to 3.4 dB by a Gaussification protocol. It was realised on data measured at different times via an 8-port balanced homodyne detector and via data post-processing. The number of distillation steps can be increased by longer data sampling times, without additional hardware. We propose and discuss the application to quantum cryptography and photonic quantum computers. References in the introduction as well as supplementary material added

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    https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
    Preprint . 2022
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    image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
    Physical Review Letters
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
    Article . 2022
    License: arXiv Non-Exclusive Distribution
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      https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3....
      Preprint . 2022
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      image/svg+xml Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao Closed Access logo, derived from PLoS Open Access logo. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Closed_Access_logo_transparent.svg Jakob Voss, based on art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina and Beao
      Physical Review Letters
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv...
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    Authors: Glera Suarez, Pablo; Pallarés Serrano, Antonio; Soto Peñaloza, David; Tarazona Álvarez, Beatriz; +2 Authors

    Background: A study is made of the findings of high-magnification rigid endoscopy at the root end surface following apicoectomy of teeth subjected to periapical surgery. Material and methods: A cross-sectional study was made of patients subjected to periapical surgery at the Unit of Oral Surgery and Implantology (University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain) between 2011 and 2019. Following apicoectomy, the root end surfaces were inspected, with the evaluation of untreated canals, isthmuses, craze lines, crack lines, opaque dentin and gaps. Likewise, an analysis was made of the association between patient age and the tooth type and restoration and the presence of craze lines, cracks, opaque dentin and gaps. Results: The final sample consisted of 168 patients subjected to periapical surgery, with 177 operated teeth and 206 roots. Untreated canals were observed in 14 roots (6.8%). Isthmuses were identified in 74 roots (35.9%), particularly in the mesial root of the lower first molar (94.1%). In turn, craze lines were identified in 8.3% of the roots, cracks in 3.9%, and gaps in 53.4%. The prevalence of opaque dentin was 78.3%, with a greater presence in posterior teeth (90.3% in premolars and 86.2% in molars) than in anterior teeth (50.6%) (p<0.001). Patient age and tooth restoration showed no correlation to the studied parameters. Conclusions: Craze lines and crack lines were observed in less than 10% of the roots, though opaque dentin was identified in 73% of the roots, particularly in posterior teeth, and gaps were found in over half of the canals. Odontología

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    Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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      Medicina Oral Patología Oral y Cirugia Bucal
      Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Authors: Panagiota Kyriakaki; Foivos Zisis; Athanasios C. Pappas; Alexandros Mavrommatis; +1 Authors

    Although the inclusion of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in ruminants’ diets appears to be a well-documented strategy to enrich milk with PUFAs, several gene networks that regulate milk synthesis and mammary gland homeostasis could be impaired. The objective of this literature review is to assess the effects of nutritional strategies focused on enriching milk with PUFAs on gene networks regulating mammary gland function and lipogenesis, as well as the impact of feed additives and bioactive compounds with prominent antioxidant potential on immune-oxidative transcriptional profiling, as a part of mammary gland homeostasis and health. The findings support the conclusion that PUFAs’ inclusion in ruminants’ diets more strongly downregulate the stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) gene compared to other key genes involved in de novo fatty acid synthesis in the mammary gland. Additionally, it was revealed that seed oils rich in linoleic and linolenic acids have no such strong impact on networks that regulate lipogenic homeostasis compared to marine oils rich in eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acids. Furthermore, ample evidence supports that cows and sheep are more prone to the suppression of lipogenesis pathways compared to goats under the impact of dietary marine PUFAs. On the other hand, the inclusion of feed additives and bioactive compounds with prominent antioxidant potential in ruminants’ diets can strengthen mammary gland immune-oxidative status. Considering that PUFA’s high propensity to oxidation can induce a cascade of pro-oxidant incidences, the simultaneous supplementation of antioxidant compounds and especially polyphenols may alleviate any side effects caused by PUFA overload in the mammary gland. In conclusion, future studies should deeply investigate the effects of PUFAs on mammary gland gene networks in an effort to holistically understand their impact on both milk fat depression syndrome and homeostatic disturbance.

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    Metabolites
    Article . 2022 . Peer-reviewed
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    Metabolites
    Article . 2022
    DOAJ
    Article . 2022
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    Authors: Pont Avilés, Alba;

    El presente trabajo trata sobre el Síndrome Phelan-McDermid. Este síndrome es una enfermedad rara de origen genético. En el presente trabajo se va a realizar una propuesta de intervención para mejorar la comunicación en personas con este síndrome en edad escolar a través de las sesiones de Audición y Lenguaje. En la primera parte del trabajo se realiza una fundamentación teórica del trabajo sobre aquellos conceptos relacionados con la Educación, Necesidades Educativas Especiales, Enfermedades Raras, así como Sistemas de Comunicación Aumentativos y Alternativos. Del mismo modo, en una segunda parte, se ha llevado a cabo un análisis sobre diferentes propuestas de actividades para realizar una propuesta de intervención con el objetivo de, como hemos mencionado anteriormente, mejorar la comunicación. Cabe destacar que las Unidades Didácticas se han desarrollado de acuerdo con aquellos aspectos más significativos y funcionales para la alumna apoyándonos siempre en el uso de un Sistema de Comunicación Aumentativo y Alternativo Finalmente, tras mostrar las propuestas de intervención, se encuentran las conclusiones extraídas del presente trabajo, así como reflexiones personales, propuestas de mejora y futuras líneas de investigación. El present treball tracta sobre la Síndrome Phelan-McDermid. Aquesta síndrome és una malaltia rara d'origen genètic. En el present treball es realitzarà una proposta d'intervenció per a millorar la comunicació en persones amb aquesta síndrome en edat escolar a través de les sessions d'Audició i Llenguatge. En la primera part del treball es realitza una fonamentació teòrica del treball sobre aquells conceptes relacionats amb l'Educació, Necessitats Educatives Especials, Malalties Rares, així com Sistemes de Comunicació Augmentatius i Alternatius. De la mateixa manera, en una segona part, s'ha dut a terme una anàlisi sobre diferents propostes d'activitats per a realitzar una proposta d'intervenció amb l'objectiu de, com hem esmentat anteriorment, millorar la comunicació. Cal destacar que les Unitats Didàctiques s'han desenvolupat d'acord amb aquells aspectes més significatius i funcionals per a l'alumna donant-nos suport sempre en l'ús d'un Sistema de Comunicació Augmentatiu i Alternatiu Finalment, després de mostrar les propostes d'intervenció, es troben les conclusions extretes del present treball, així com reflexions personals, propostes de millora i futures línies d'investigació The present work deals with the Phelan-McDermid Syndrome. This syndrome is a rare disease of genetic origin. In this paper we are going to make an intervention proposal to improve communication in people with this syndrome at school age through the sessions of Hearing and Language. In the first part of the work a theoretical foundation of the work is made on those concepts related to Education, Special Educational Needs, Rare Diseases, as well as Augmentative and Alternative Communication Systems. In the same way, in a second part, an analysis of different proposals of activities has been carried out in order to make an intervention proposal with the aim of, as we have mentioned before, improving communication. It should be noted that the Didactic Units have been developed according to the most significant and functional aspects for the student, always relying on the use of an Augmentative and Alternative Communication System. Finally, after showing the intervention proposals, there are the conclusions drawn from this work, as well as personal reflections, proposals for improvement and future lines of research. Educación

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    Authors: Husvinee Sundaramurthi; Sandra García-Mulero; Valentina Tonelotto; Kayleigh Slater; +6 Authors

    Metastatic uveal melanoma (MUM) is characterized by poor patient survival. Unfortunately, current treatment options demonstrate limited benefits. In this study, we evaluate the efficacy of ACY-1215, a histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACi), to attenuate growth of primary ocular UM cell lines and, in particular, a liver MUM cell line in vitro and in vivo, and elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms. A significant (p = 0.0001) dose-dependent reduction in surviving clones of the primary ocular UM cells, Mel270, was observed upon treatment with increasing doses of ACY-1215. Treatment of OMM2.5 MUM cells with ACY-1215 resulted in a significant (p = 0.0001), dose-dependent reduction in cell survival and proliferation in vitro, and in vivo attenuation of primary OMM2.5 xenografts in zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, flow cytometry revealed that ACY-1215 significantly arrested the OMM2.5 cell cycle in S phase (p = 0.0001) following 24 h of treatment, and significant apoptosis was triggered in a time-and dose-dependent manner (p < 0.0001). Additionally, ACY-1215 treatment resulted in a significant reduction in OMM2.5 p-ERK expression levels. Through proteome profiling, the attenuation of the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF) signaling pathway was linked to the observed anti-cancer effects of ACY-1215. In agreement, pharmacological inhibition of MITF signaling with ML329 significantly reduced OMM2.5 cell survival and viability in vitro (p = 0.0001) and reduced OMM2.5 cells in vivo (p = 0.0006). Our findings provide evidence that ACY-1215 and ML329 are efficacious against growth and survival of OMM2.5 MUM cells. TopMed10—Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions COFUND Programme Research Council—Enterprise Partnership Scheme 2020 European Commission Horizon 2020 Breakthrough Cancer Research

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    Cancers
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    Cancers
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    Authors: Ioannis Gazoulis; Panagiotis Kanatas; Nikolaos Antonopoulos; Alexandros Tataridas; +1 Authors

    Intercropping cereals with legumes is a widely used agronomic practice to improve forage yield and quality in forage cropping systems. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the potential of a false seedbed to reduce weed pressure in intercrops and monocultures of annual ryegrass and berseem clover during the 2020–2021 and 2021–2022 growing seasons in western Greece. A split-plot randomized complete block design with four replications was set up. Seedbed manipulations assigned to the main plots included: normal seedbed preparation (NSB) and seeding, and two different false seedbeds. In the first (FSB 1) and second false seedbeds (FSB 2), weeds were controlled by shallow tillage at 1 and 2 weeks, respectively, after the first tillage and immediately before crop sowing. Forages were subplots of berseem clover (BCM) and annual ryegrass monocultures (ARM) and three intercrops with BCM:ARM ratios of 75:25 (ARBC 1), 50:50 (ARBC 2), and 25:75 (ARBC 3). FSB 1 reduced weed biomass by 27% and 34% compared to NSB in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively (p ≤ 0.001). FSB 2 improved forage yield by 9% and 14% in 2020–2021 and 2021–2022, respectively, compared to FSB 1. Compared to NSB, FSB 2 also increased forage yield by 11% in 2020–2021 and 17% in 2021–2022. Berseem clover biomass was higher in FSB 2 than in NSB main plots in both years. In the first harvest, ARBC 3 was the most weed-suppressive intercrop, which also provided the highest forage yield in both the first and second harvests of both years, followed by ARM and ARBC 2. In the second harvest, forage yield was 11% and 12% higher in ARBC 3 subplots than in ARBC 1 and BCM subplots, respectively. Similar results were obtained for cumulative forage yield from two harvests. Further research is needed to evaluate other alternative practices for agroecological weed management in low-input forage production systems in the Mediterranean region.

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    Authors: Anagnostou, Irfan Ullah; Benjamin D. Braaten; Adnan Iftikhar; Symeon Nikolaou; Dimitris E.;

    The rapid growth of wireless spectrum access through cellular and IoT devices, for example, requires antennas with more capabilities such as being conformal and self-adapting beamforming. In this paper, the adaptive beamforming patterns of microstrip patch antenna arrays on changing flexible (or conformal) curved surfaces are developed by deriving array coefficients based on the projection method that includes the mutual coupling between elements. A linear four-element microstrip patch antenna array is then embedded on two deformed conformal surfaces to investigate the projection method for desired beamforming patterns. The generated beamforming radiation patterns using the computed weighting coefficients are validated with theoretical equations evaluated in MATLAB, full-wave simulations in HFSS and measurement results. The measured results of the fabricated system agree with the simulated results. Furthermore, new guidelines are provided on the effects of mutual coupling and changing conformal surfaces for various beam-forming patterns. Such demonstrations pave the way to an efficient and robust conformal phased-array antenna with multiple beam forming and adaptive nulling capabilities.

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    Authors: Konstantinos V. Arsenopoulos; Eleftherios Triantafillou; Athanasios I. Gelasakis; Elias Papadopoulos;

    Fly infestation remains a universal problem for dairy cattle herds, affecting the animals’ health and welfare status. Pre-weaned dairy calves are significantly challenged by the direct and indirect consequences of severe fly infestation, heat-stress and their interaction, which contribute to a stressful and fatiguing environment. Among several physiological, behavioral, clinical and biochemical traits, serum cortisol (SC) and creatine kinase (CK) levels, as well as feed consumption can be used as valid indicators of potential stressful and fatiguing conditions and, therefore, can be efficiently used for stress analysis studies. Hence, the objective of the study was to assess the fly-repellency effect of deltamethrin on pre-weaned dairy calves exposed to heat stress conditions, as well as its association with SC, CK concentrations and feed consumption. Two commercial dairy cattle herds of the Holstein breed in Central Macedonia (Greece) were involved in the study during summer months and under heat stress conditions. Deltamethrin administration resulted in (i) a decreased fly population (100% Musca domestica) landing on pre-weaned dairy calves, (ii) a reduced SC (stress indicator) and CK (fatigue indicator) concentration, and (iii) an increased consumption of feedstuff in deltamethrin treated animals compared to the untreated ones.

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      Pathogens
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      Pathogens
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    Authors: García Rodríguez, Irene; Etopa Bitata, María del Pilar; García Escudero, María; Álamo Arce, Daniel David; +2 Authors

    Las tecnologías posibilitan la supresión de las barreras espaciales y temporales que la educación superior ha sufrido por la actual pandemia COVID-19, aportando nuevos escenarios educativos. El vídeo-análisisabre una ventana para la evaluación en la enseñanza clínica en Ciencias de la Salud. El objetivo de esta investigación es estudiar la viabilidad del vídeo-análisis para analizar habilidades en la entrevista clínica en fisioterapia. Se realizó un estudio exploratorio con análisis de video y lista de cotejo en estudiantes de primer año .Gracias a los videos recopilados, se determinó que los alumnos analizados tienen mejor desarrolladas las habilidades relacionadas con realizar preguntas apropiadas en la entrevista, mientras que por el contrario existen más dificultades en las habilidades de saber escuchar. Los resultados muestran que el video-análisis es una herramienta práctica y válida para analizar tareas en entornos de simulación en ciencias de la salud, como ha sidoen esta actividad de entrevista clínica. Esta nueva forma de evaluación docente, además de aportar datos cuantificables, supone una nueva forma de justificar al alumno sus errores y aciertos durante la prueba, permitiendo establecer un potencial feedback para mejorar en sus habilidades clínicas. Así mismo, la posibilidad de evaluarse con un paciente simulado supone un acercamiento a la realidad profesional a la que se deben enfrentar una vez egresados Technologies make it possible to remove the spatial and temporal barriers that higher education has suffered due to the current COVID-19 pandemic, due to provide new educational scenarios. Video-analysis opens a window for evaluation in clinical teaching in Health Sciences. The objective of this research is to study the feasibility of video-analysis to analyze skills in the clinical interview in physiotherapy. An exploratory study with video analysis and checklist was conducted on first-year students. Thanks to the videos collected, it was determined that the students analyzed have better developed skills related to asking appropriate questions in the interview, while on the contrary there are more difficulties in listening skills. The results show that video-analysis is a practical and valid tool to analyze tasks in simulation environments in health sciences, as it has been in this clinical interview activity. Moreover, this innovative kind of evaluation provides quantifiable data, it is also a new way of justifying the student's mistakes and successes during the test, allowing them to establish potential feedback to improve their clinical skills. Likewise, the possibility of being evaluated with a simulated patient supposes an approach to the professional reality that they must face once they graduate. Fisioterapia

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    Authors: Bolonja, Dora;

    Od najranije dobi, dijete u obitelji gradi međuljudske odnose. Kako vrijeme prolazi, jako važnu ulogu ima svijet vršnjaka. Uz obitelj, škola je mjesto gdje djeca stvaraju nove međuljudske odnose. Dijete se uči nositi s porazom ili pobjedom, uči poštovati pravila i ono najbitnije uči kako se ponašati u skupini vršnjaka. Zahvaljujući vršnjacima, dijete uči nove obrasce ponašanja kao što su tolerancija, briga za druge, poštivanje različitosti i altruizam. Nažalost, događa se da dok su jedna prihvaćena od strane grupe, druga djeca bivaju odbačena. Iako možda nesvjesno, vršnjački odnosi jako utječu na samopouzdanje a samim tim i na buduće ponašanje djeteta. Kada grupa vršnjaka odbaci dijete, za očekivati je kako će isto imati manje samopouzdanja nego da su ga prihvatili. S druge strane, kada grupa vršnjaka prihvati dijete, pretpostavljamo kako motivacija raste te dijete dobije želju za napredovanjem i iskazivanjem. U teorijskom dijelu ovog rada prikazan je vršnjački kontekst razvoja, prijateljstvo, objasniti u kakvom su odnosu popularnost i prijateljstvo, na koji način vršnjački odnosi doprinose razvoju samopouzdanja djece te što možemo učiniti kako bi pomogli učenicima koji imaju manjak samopouzdanja ili nisu prihvaćena od strane vršnjaka. U drugom dijelu diplomskog rada, prikazano je istraživanje provedeno među 277 učenika četvrtih, šestih i osmih razreda u Zadru i okolici. Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je ispitati kvalitetu prijateljstva s najboljim prijateljem i odnose s vršnjacima u razredu te odrediti njihov doprinos u objašnjenju samopouzdanja učenika. Unutar prvog problema utvrđivale su se prosječne razine kvalitete prijateljstva s najboljim prijateljem, odnosa s vršnjacima i samopouzdanja učenika. Kao što je pretpostavljeno, učenici su postizali umjerene do relativno visoke rezultate na ovim mjerama. Drugim se problemom nastojala ispitati povezanost samopouzdanja i kvalitete odnosa s najboljim prijateljem te vršnjacima u razredu. Rezultati su pokazali da što je veća razina školskog samopouzdanja i traženja pomoći, to je kvalitetniji odnos s najboljim prijateljem i s ostalim vršnjacima u razredu. Treći je problem bio usmjeren na razlike u samopouzdanju i percepciji kvalitete odnosa s najboljim prijateljem i vršnjacima s obzirom na razred koji učenici pohađaju. Ispostavilo se da nema razlike u odnosima s najboljim prijateljem i vršnjacima između različitih razina razreda, ali prisutne su na svim mjerama samopouzdanja. Četvrtim se problemom nastojalo ispitati doprinos kvalitete odnosa i školskog uspjeha u objašnjenju varijance samopouzdanja učenika te je utvrđeno da su mjerene varijable prediktori samopouzdanja. From an early age, children get familiar with interpersonal relationships in the family. With time, the world of peers plays a very important role. Along with family, school is a place where children develop new interpersonal relationships. Children learn to deal with defeat or victory, they learn to obey the rules and, most importantly, they learn how they should behave in a peer group. Thanks to peers, children learn new patterns of behavior such as tolerance, care for others, respect for diversity, and altruism. Unfortunately, while some children are accepted by the group, it may happen that other children experience rejection. Although perhaps unconsciously, peer relationships have a strong influence on self-confidence and, therefore, on a child’s future behavior. When a child is rejected by a peer group, it is to be expected that they would have a lower self-confidence level than they would had they been accepted. On the other hand, when a peer group accepts a child, we assume that motivation increases and the child gains the desire for progress and self-expression. In the theoretical part of this paper, the aim was to present the peer context of development, friendship, explain the relationship between popularity and friendship, to demonstrate how peer relationships contribute to the development of children’s self-confidence, and what we can do to help students who lack self-confidence or are not accepted by their peers. In the second part of the thesis, the research conducted among 277 students enrolled in the fourth, sixth, and eighth grade in Zadar and its surroundings is presented. The aim of this research was to examine the quality of friendship with a child’s best friend, as well as relationships with peers within the class, and to determine their contribution when it comes to students’ self-confidence. With regards to the first issue, the average levels of the quality of friendship with a child’s best friend, relationships with peers, and students’ self-confidence were determined. As anticipated, students achieved average results in said categories. The second issue dealt with the connection between self-confidence and the quality of relationships with a child’s best friend and peers within the class. The results showed that the higher the level of school self-confidence and help-seeking, the better the relationship with the best friend and with other peers within the class. The third issue focused on the differences in self-confidence and the perception of the quality of the relationship with a child’s best friend and peers with regards to the class the students attend. It turns out that there are no differences in relationships with a child’s best friend and their peers between different grade levels, but they are present in all of the self-confidence elements.

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