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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ibrahim, Lara;

    Für Fische und Wirbeltiere im Allgemeinen sollen durch den Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln höchstens vernachlässigbare Effekte auf das Überleben von Individuen und die Abundanz und Biomasse von Populationen entstehen. Die Bewertung möglicher Effekte von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf Fische beruht vor allem auf standardisierten Labortests, in denen Überleben, Wachstum und Reproduktion mit Arten, die stellvertretend für die im Freiland zu schützenden Arten angesehen werden, untersucht werden Da die Testung von ganzen Fischpopulationen ethisch fragwürdig ist und auch nur schwierig durchführbar wäre, müssen die Ergebnisse der Laborstudien, insbesondere für Effekte auf Wachstum und Reproduktion, auf Effekte auf Populationen im Freiland extrapoliert werden. Populationsmodelle von vulnerablen Arten ermöglichen eine mechanistische Extrapolation auf ökologisch relevante Endpunkte. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es fokale Fischarten für solch eine verfeinerte Risikoabschätzung zu identifizieren und für eine Art ein Populationsmodell für die eine verfeinerte Risikoabschätzung zu entwickeln. Zunächst wurden Fischarten bestimmt, die in weiten Teilen Europas in kleinen Gewässern in direkter Nähe von landwirtschaftlichen Flächen vorkommen und damit ein hohes Expositionsrisiko aufweisen. Für 21 solcher Arten wurden mit Hilfe von an Freilanddaten Matrixmodellen parametrisiert und von Elastizitätsanalysen festgestellt, welche Arten am empfindlichsten gegenüber letalen Effekten auf Jungfische und adulte Fische (Bachneunauge bzw. Hecht) oder Hemmung der Reproduktion (Elritze) sind.Für die Elritze wurde ein Individuen-basiertes Populationsmodell entwickelt und getestet, um von Effekten auf Fekundität, Fertilität, Schlupfrate und Überleben der Larven) auf die Populationsebene zu extrapolieren. Der gesamte Prozess der Modellbildung und Modelltestung wurde detailliert nach neusten Empfehlungen dokumentiert (TRACE Dokument). Die Anwendbarkeit des Modells auf Ergebnisse aus Standardtestes mit Fischen wurde generisch gezeigt, indem Vorschläge für ein Simulationsszenario und geeignete Populationsendpunkte erarbeitet, Reproduktionsparameter systematisch verringert und deren Auswirkung auf die Population abgeleitet wurden. Das Elritzen-Modell kann daher als Werkzeug im der gestuften Risikobewertung eingesetzt werden, wenn Effekte auf die Reproduktion von Fischen betrachtet werden müssen und von Standardtests auf mögliche Effekte auf vulnerable Populationen in der europäischen Agrarlandschaft geschlossen werden soll. Möglichkeiten für die Weiterentwicklung des Modells wie z. B. eine Kopplung mit TKTD Modellen oder saisonales Wachstum werden diskutiert. Die Arbeit bildet damit eine Grundlage für den Einsatz von Fisch-Populationsmodellen in der Risikoabschätzung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln.

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    Authors: Matthiessen, Peter; Ankley, Gerald T.; Biever, Ronald C; Bjerregaard, Poul; +44 Authors

    A SETAC Pellston Workshop(®) "Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA)" was held in February 2016 in Pensacola, Florida, USA. The primary objective of the workshop was to provide advice, based on current scientific understanding, to regulators and policy makers; the aim being to make considered, informed decisions on whether to select an ecotoxicological hazard- or a risk-based approach for regulating a given endocrine-disrupting substance (EDS) under review. The workshop additionally considered recent developments in the identification of EDS. Case studies were undertaken on 6 endocrine-active substances (EAS-not necessarily proven EDS, but substances known to interact directly with the endocrine system) that are representative of a range of perturbations of the endocrine system and considered to be data rich in relevant information at multiple biological levels of organization for 1 or more ecologically relevant taxa. The substances selected were 17α-ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, propiconazole, 17β-trenbolone, tributyltin, and vinclozolin. The 6 case studies were not comprehensive safety evaluations but provided foundations for clarifying key issues and procedures that should be considered when assessing the ecotoxicological hazards and risks of EAS and EDS. The workshop also highlighted areas of scientific uncertainty, and made specific recommendations for research and methods-development to resolve some of the identified issues. The present paper provides broad guidance for scientists in regulatory authorities, industry, and academia on issues likely to arise during the ecotoxicological hazard and risk assessment of EAS and EDS. The primary conclusion of this paper, and of the SETAC Pellston Workshop on which it is based, is that if data on environmental exposure, effects on sensitive species and life-stages, delayed effects, and effects at low concentrations are robust, initiating environmental risk assessment of EDS is scientifically sound and sufficiently reliable and protective of the environment. In the absence of such data, assessment on the basis of hazard is scientifically justified until such time as relevant new information is available. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;9999:1-13. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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    Article . 2017
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      Article . 2017
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    Authors: Kebede, B.; Wrigley, S.K.; Prashar, A.; Rahlff, J.; +7 Authors

    As part of an international research project, the marine fungal strain collection of the Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR) research centre was analysed for secondary metabolite profiles associated with anticancer activity. Strain MF458 was identified as Tolypocladium geodes, by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence similarity and its natural product production profile. By using five different media in two conditions and two time points, we were able to identify eight natural products produced by MF458. As well as cyclosporin A (1), efrapeptin D (2), pyridoxatin (3), terricolin A (4), malettinins B and E (5 and 6), and tolypocladenols A1/A2 (8), we identified a new secondary metabolite which we termed tolypocladenol C (7). All compounds were analysed for their anticancer potential using a selection of the NCI60 cancer cell line panel, with malettinins B and E (5 and 6) being the most promising candidates. In order to obtain sufficient quantities of these compounds to start preclinical development, their production was transferred from a static flask culture to a stirred tank reactor, and fermentation medium development resulted in a nearly eight-fold increase in compound production. The strain MF458 is therefore a producer of a number of interesting and new secondary metabolites and their production levels can be readily improved to achieve higher yields.

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    OceanRep
    Article . 2017 . Peer-reviewed
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    Article . 2017
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    Authors: Mueller, Carolin; Trapp, Stefan; Polesel, Fabio; Kuehr, Sebastian; +1 Authors

    Environmental sciences Europe : ESEU 32(1), 159 (2020). doi:10.1186/s12302-020-00443-1 Published by Springer, Berlin ; Heidelberg

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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Ibrahim, Lara;

    Für Fische und Wirbeltiere im Allgemeinen sollen durch den Einsatz von Pflanzenschutzmitteln höchstens vernachlässigbare Effekte auf das Überleben von Individuen und die Abundanz und Biomasse von Populationen entstehen. Die Bewertung möglicher Effekte von Pflanzenschutzmitteln auf Fische beruht vor allem auf standardisierten Labortests, in denen Überleben, Wachstum und Reproduktion mit Arten, die stellvertretend für die im Freiland zu schützenden Arten angesehen werden, untersucht werden Da die Testung von ganzen Fischpopulationen ethisch fragwürdig ist und auch nur schwierig durchführbar wäre, müssen die Ergebnisse der Laborstudien, insbesondere für Effekte auf Wachstum und Reproduktion, auf Effekte auf Populationen im Freiland extrapoliert werden. Populationsmodelle von vulnerablen Arten ermöglichen eine mechanistische Extrapolation auf ökologisch relevante Endpunkte. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es fokale Fischarten für solch eine verfeinerte Risikoabschätzung zu identifizieren und für eine Art ein Populationsmodell für die eine verfeinerte Risikoabschätzung zu entwickeln. Zunächst wurden Fischarten bestimmt, die in weiten Teilen Europas in kleinen Gewässern in direkter Nähe von landwirtschaftlichen Flächen vorkommen und damit ein hohes Expositionsrisiko aufweisen. Für 21 solcher Arten wurden mit Hilfe von an Freilanddaten Matrixmodellen parametrisiert und von Elastizitätsanalysen festgestellt, welche Arten am empfindlichsten gegenüber letalen Effekten auf Jungfische und adulte Fische (Bachneunauge bzw. Hecht) oder Hemmung der Reproduktion (Elritze) sind.Für die Elritze wurde ein Individuen-basiertes Populationsmodell entwickelt und getestet, um von Effekten auf Fekundität, Fertilität, Schlupfrate und Überleben der Larven) auf die Populationsebene zu extrapolieren. Der gesamte Prozess der Modellbildung und Modelltestung wurde detailliert nach neusten Empfehlungen dokumentiert (TRACE Dokument). Die Anwendbarkeit des Modells auf Ergebnisse aus Standardtestes mit Fischen wurde generisch gezeigt, indem Vorschläge für ein Simulationsszenario und geeignete Populationsendpunkte erarbeitet, Reproduktionsparameter systematisch verringert und deren Auswirkung auf die Population abgeleitet wurden. Das Elritzen-Modell kann daher als Werkzeug im der gestuften Risikobewertung eingesetzt werden, wenn Effekte auf die Reproduktion von Fischen betrachtet werden müssen und von Standardtests auf mögliche Effekte auf vulnerable Populationen in der europäischen Agrarlandschaft geschlossen werden soll. Möglichkeiten für die Weiterentwicklung des Modells wie z. B. eine Kopplung mit TKTD Modellen oder saisonales Wachstum werden diskutiert. Die Arbeit bildet damit eine Grundlage für den Einsatz von Fisch-Populationsmodellen in der Risikoabschätzung von Pflanzenschutzmitteln.

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    Authors: Matthiessen, Peter; Ankley, Gerald T.; Biever, Ronald C; Bjerregaard, Poul; +44 Authors

    A SETAC Pellston Workshop(®) "Environmental Hazard and Risk Assessment Approaches for Endocrine-Active Substances (EHRA)" was held in February 2016 in Pensacola, Florida, USA. The primary objective of the workshop was to provide advice, based on current scientific understanding, to regulators and policy makers; the aim being to make considered, informed decisions on whether to select an ecotoxicological hazard- or a risk-based approach for regulating a given endocrine-disrupting substance (EDS) under review. The workshop additionally considered recent developments in the identification of EDS. Case studies were undertaken on 6 endocrine-active substances (EAS-not necessarily proven EDS, but substances known to interact directly with the endocrine system) that are representative of a range of perturbations of the endocrine system and considered to be data rich in relevant information at multiple biological levels of organization for 1 or more ecologically relevant taxa. The substances selected were 17α-ethinylestradiol, perchlorate, propiconazole, 17β-trenbolone, tributyltin, and vinclozolin. The 6 case studies were not comprehensive safety evaluations but provided foundations for clarifying key issues and procedures that should be considered when assessing the ecotoxicological hazards and risks of EAS and EDS. The workshop also highlighted areas of scientific uncertainty, and made specific recommendations for research and methods-development to resolve some of the identified issues. The present paper provides broad guidance for scientists in regulatory authorities, industry, and academia on issues likely to arise during the ecotoxicological hazard and risk assessment of EAS and EDS. The primary conclusion of this paper, and of the SETAC Pellston Workshop on which it is based, is that if data on environmental exposure, effects on sensitive species and life-stages, delayed effects, and effects at low concentrations are robust, initiating environmental risk assessment of EDS is scientifically sound and sufficiently reliable and protective of the environment. In the absence of such data, assessment on the basis of hazard is scientifically justified until such time as relevant new information is available. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2017;9999:1-13. © 2017 The Authors. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC).

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    Authors: Kebede, B.; Wrigley, S.K.; Prashar, A.; Rahlff, J.; +7 Authors

    As part of an international research project, the marine fungal strain collection of the Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research (GEOMAR) research centre was analysed for secondary metabolite profiles associated with anticancer activity. Strain MF458 was identified as Tolypocladium geodes, by internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) sequence similarity and its natural product production profile. By using five different media in two conditions and two time points, we were able to identify eight natural products produced by MF458. As well as cyclosporin A (1), efrapeptin D (2), pyridoxatin (3), terricolin A (4), malettinins B and E (5 and 6), and tolypocladenols A1/A2 (8), we identified a new secondary metabolite which we termed tolypocladenol C (7). All compounds were analysed for their anticancer potential using a selection of the NCI60 cancer cell line panel, with malettinins B and E (5 and 6) being the most promising candidates. In order to obtain sufficient quantities of these compounds to start preclinical development, their production was transferred from a static flask culture to a stirred tank reactor, and fermentation medium development resulted in a nearly eight-fold increase in compound production. The strain MF458 is therefore a producer of a number of interesting and new secondary metabolites and their production levels can be readily improved to achieve higher yields.

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    Authors: Mueller, Carolin; Trapp, Stefan; Polesel, Fabio; Kuehr, Sebastian; +1 Authors

    Environmental sciences Europe : ESEU 32(1), 159 (2020). doi:10.1186/s12302-020-00443-1 Published by Springer, Berlin ; Heidelberg

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