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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: OTA, E. do C.;

    Os aspectos nutricionais são relevantes para otimizar a produção da tilápia-do-Nilo e redução do impacto ambiental causado pela atividade. Em função do potencial no escopo dos aspectos nutricionais, estudos precisam ser incentivados acerca da qualidade das rações comerciais, uso de extratos de plantas e adubação de viveiros com cama-de-frango, considerando a variedade de sistemas de produção, fases de desenvolvimento dos peixes, características climáticas do local de produção e condição imunológica dos animais. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de rações comerciais para tilápiado-Nilo em crescimento; testar a incorporação do extrato aquoso de folhas de Serjania marginata na dieta da tilápia; e verificar os efeitos da adubação com cama-de-frango em viveiros no cultivo da tilápia. O estudo da qualidade de rações comerciais foi realizado com rações de dez diferentes fabricantes sendo avaliados os aspectos físicos (tamanho de péletes, flutuabilidade, estabilidade e quantidade de finos), químicos (composição centesimal, e teores de aflatoxinas e de vitamina C) e biológicos (desempenho e digestibilidade); no estudo com uso do extrato aquoso de folhas de S. marginata foram avaliados os efeitos na atividade de enzimas do metabolismo digestivo e hepático e na histopatologia do intestino e fígado; e na fertilização com cama-de-frango foram avaliados a acumulação de elementos traço (água, sedimento e filé do peixe) e o desempenho produtivo (ganho de peso e conversão alimentar). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que a qualidade das rações comerciais difere entre fabricantes e lotes do mesmo fabricante, além de não ser condizente em alguns casos com a qualidade esperada, de acordo com as informações do rótulo e limites estabelecidos para sua conformidade, afetando os parâmetros de desempenho (índice viscerossomático, consumo de ração, mortalidade e taxas de retenção proteica e de energia) e de digestibilidade, com base na exigência da espécie (fósforo e proteína digestíveis), além de apresentarem relações inadequadas de cálcio/fósforo e energia/proteína, digestíveis Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-02T00:43:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseErikaOta2019.pdf: 2761786 bytes, checksum: f2da800ebc3fb86c8a098358aed129c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Orientadora: Dra. Claudia Andréa Lima Cardoso; Coorientadora: Dra. Tarcila Souza de Castro Silva

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    Authors: Bock, Claudio Luiz; Pezzato, Luiz Edivaldo; Cantelmo, Osmar Angelo; Barros, Margarida Maria;

    This research was carried out to compare the effect of phytase on performance, in the incorporation and excretion phosphorus in Nile tilápia. Four diets were used: one standard (contol), composed by 3,200 DE kcal ED/kg of ration and 30.0% CP and supplemented with phosphorus (4.0% of dicalcium phosphate), considering the treatment control, and others three, without phosphorus supplementation, with different phytase levels (1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 uf/kg), with four replication, per a period of 82 days. Circular tanks of fiber glass, with constant flow and aeration were used. The results demonstrated that the use of phytase in diets for fish production can reduce the levels of inorganic phosphorus in the diets and minimizing the impacts caused by phosphorus in the production system and in the natural environment and also can improve the productivity, increasing the amount of feed to be supplied and, consequently, facilitating the increase of biomass of fish to be used per production area. © 2007 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia.

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    Authors: P. Avilez-Valente; R. Peixoto; I. Iglesias;
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    Authors: Pereira, Lindalva;

    The use of biomarkers can provide a great help in the evaluation of the damages caused by pesticides in aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to verify the toxicity of clomazone and ametryn for a tropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus by using different parameters in fish exposed for 96h to clomazone (1, 5 and 10 mg.L-1) and to ametryn, as the commercial product GesapaxR500 or in its pure form, in the concentrations 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1, or only to water (CTR). The parameters used were: hematological; metabolic (concentration of glucose); osmoionic (osmolarity and plasmatic Cl-, Na+ e K+); biochemical and genotoxic (DNA damage). Clomazone caused hematological disturbances in P. lineatus as noted in the lowervalues of hematocrit (Hct) in 10 mg.L-1; hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CHCM) in 5 and 10 mg.L-1, which, in general, may indicate anemia. The number of erythrocytes (RBC) presented increased values in the lowerconcentration tested for clomazone, which probable is related to the stress response, with the releasing of immature erythrocytes in the blood stream. Clomazone also activated the detoxification and antioxidant pathways of the tested animals, as shown by the increased activity of the hepatic biotransformation enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) in 5 and 10 mg.L-1. The reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) observed in 5 and 10 mg.L-1 indicated efficient performance of CAT removing the H2O2, or even a competition with GST for the substratereduced glutathione (GSH). The activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in P. lineatus was inhibited in the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg.L-1 of clomazone, showing that this herbicide has an anticholinesterasic effect on the studied fish species. Fish exposed to ametrynshowed hematological disturbances such as lower values of Hct in 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1 and of RBC in the concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1. The reduction of plasmatic K+ in the concentration of 2.5 mg.L-1, and the hematological alterations mentioned above, may indicate a rupture of the erythrocytes. Fish exposed both to pure ametrynand the formulated product, showed higher values of glucose as a stress response, in both concentrations tested. The two products also caused inhibition of the gill activity of Na+/K+ATPase in 5.0 mg.L-1. The concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leading to the conclusion that ametrynor its formulated product do not generate lipidic peroxidation. DNA damages in the erythrocytes of P. lineatus were x observed in the concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1 of ametryn and GesapaxR 500, showing the genotoxicity of ametryn, probably because it binds directly to the genetic material of the fish. The results presented here allow concluding that the pesticides ametryn and clomazone interfere in the functional parameters of P. lineatus and can compromise the health of these animals O uso de biomarcadores é importante para avaliar os efeitos causados por agrotóxicos em organismos aquáticos como os peixes. No presente estudo foram utilizados os parâmetros hematológicos, metabólico (glicose plasmática), osmoiônicos (íons Na+, K+ e Cl-), bioquímicose genotóxico (ensaio do cometa), para avaliar a toxicidade dos herbicidas ametrina e clomazone para a espécie de peixe neotropical Prochilodus lineatus. Peixes jovens foram expostos a três concentrações de clomazone: 1, 5 e 10 mg.L-1 , além do grupo controle (CTR) por 96 h. Este herbicida provocou alterações sanguíneas em P. lineatus como diminuição do hematócrito (Hcto) em 10 mg.L-1; hemoglobina (Hb), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) em 5 e 10 mg.L- 1, que podem indicar anemia. O número de eritrócitos (RBC) apresentou aumento na menor concentração testada, refletindo provável resposta de estresse com liberação de eritrócitos jovens na corrente sanguínea. O clomazone também ativou as vias de desintoxicação e as vias antioxidantes dos animais testados, como foi demonstrado pelo aumento da atividade hepática da enzima de biotransformação glutationa-Stransferase (GST) e da enzima antioxidante catalase (CAT) em 5 e 10 mg.L-1. A redução da atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx) observada em 5 e 10 mg.L-1 indica atuação eficiente da CAT na remoção do H2O2, ou competição com a GST pelo substrato glutationa reduzida (GSH). A atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE) cerebral de P. lineatus foi inibida nas concentrações de 5 e 10 mg.L-1 de clomazone, mostrando que este produto tem ação anticolinesterásica para a espécie em questão. O herbicida ametrina foi testado de duas formas: utilizado na sua forma pura e também como produto formulado GesapaxR500, nas concentrações de 2,5 e 5,0 mg.L-1. Os peixes expostos a estes produtos durante 96 h apresentaram alterações hematológicas como diminuição do Hcto em 2,5 e 5,0 mg.L-1 e do RBC na concentração de 5,0 mg.L-1. O aumento do K+ plasmático na concentração de 2,5 mg.L-1, juntamente com as alterações hematológicas podem ser indicativos de rompimento dos eritrócitos. Os peixes expostos tanto à ametrina pura quanto ao produto formulado, apresentaram aumento da glicemia como resposta de estresse em ambas as concentrações testadas. A ametrina pura e o GesapaxR500 causaram inibição da atividade branquial da Na+/K+ATPase em 5,0 mg.L-1. Foi verificado diminuição significativa de malondialdeído (MDA) nos peixes expostos à concentração de 5 mg.L-1 de ametrina e de GesapaxR500, indicando que estes não viii geraram peroxidação lipídica. Danos no DNA de eritrócitos de P. lineatus foram observados na concentração de 5,0 mg.L-1 de ametrina e GesapaxR500, evidenciando a genotoxicidade destes, provavelmente por ação direta sobre material genético. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os herbicidas ametrina e clomazone interferem nos parâmetros funcionais de P. lineatus, podendo comprometer a saúde desses animais.

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    Authors: Dutra Caldeira, Luiz Felipe;

    CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A construção civil é um dos setores que muito impacta o meio ambiente por utilizar matéria prima natural e entregar produtos que geram resíduos e a adaptação de locais para sua construção. A fim de avaliar as condições ambientais das edificações e melhorar seu desempenho ambiental, surgiram os sistemas de certificação de edificações no exterior, sendo que alguns foram adaptados para o Brasil. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o desempenho de uma edificação em relação às 14 Categorias de Avaliação do Referencial Técnico AQUA – Edifícios Escolares e Escritórios, de 2007, e propor melhorias do desempenho. Este sistema de certificação é uma adaptação, para o Brasil, do sistema HQE (Hauté Qualite Environmentale), que tem sido adotado na Europa para avaliação dos critérios de sustentabilidade em edifícios desde 2002, além de ser considerada, por alguns estudos, a mais adaptada para a situação nacional. O método de pesquisa considera um estudo de caso - o novo prédio da Faculdade de Engenharia da UFJF. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a preocupação com o desempenho ambiental do edifício ainda pode sofrer melhorias. Pensar em medidas mais sustentáveis, de acordo com o AQUA, na fase de planejamento e projeto fez parte da dinâmica do novo prédio de modo incipiente. Diretrizes foram apontadas e poderão contribuir para o aumento de seu desempenho. Além disso, foram sugeridas medidas que podem ser adotadas para futuros prédios com as mesmas características. As informações levantadas e suas recomendações sugerem o aumento do desempenho ambiental do edifício avaliado, através da aplicação do Questionário AQUA. The construction industry is one of the sectors that most impacts the environment by using natural materials and delivering products that generates waste and site adaptation. In order to assess building’s environmental conditions and improve their environmental performance, international certification systems emerged and some of them have been adapted to Brazil. This study aims to analyze the performance of an specific building in relation to 14 categories set by the Technical Reference AQUA - School Buildings & Offices, 2007, and come up with improvements in its performance. AQUA is a certification system adapted to Brazil based on the system HQE (Haute Qualite Environmentale), which has been used in Europe to evaluate sustainability criteria in buildings since 2002. It is considered the most adapted to Brazilian situation. The research method focus on a case study - the new building in UFJF Engineering College. The results show that concern about the environmental performance can still be improved. Search for more sustainable measures, according to the AQUA, starting at the planning and design phases was incipient in the new building’s dynamics. Guidelines were recomended and may contribute to increase the building’s performance. In addition, measures were suggested and could be adopted for this building. The information gathered and its recommendations suggest the increasing of environmental performance for the evaluated building, through the application of AQUA Questionnaire.

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    Authors: Iglesias, I.; Venâncio, S.; Peixoto, R.; Pinho, José L. S.; +2 Authors

    Estuarine areas have been intensively studied due to their complex physical processes and the societal importance of their ecosystem services. To perform a deeper hydrodynamic study allowing an accurate representation of the physical processes, numerical models are essential. This work performs a comparison of the two 2DH estuarine models, included in the modelling suites OpenTelemac and Delft3D. The aim is to understand how the different numerical schemes might influence the models’ output. The models were applied to one of the main Portuguese estuaries: the Douro River estuary. The strong floods that the estuarine region periodically suffers, with economic losses and damages to the local protected landscape areas and hydraulic structures, show the importance of a complete characterization of the areas at risk and how they might be affected. Both models were configured with the same initial and boundary conditions and similar bathymetries. The simulations presented herein use a pre-breakwater construction configuration. However, a postbreakwater construction configuration was also defined and results will be presented at the conference. A special interest will be attached to the role of the Cabedelo sandbar, as this is expected to break for strong river discharges thus diminishing the flooding risk. This research was partially supported by the Research Line ECOSERVICES, integrated in the Structured Program of R&D&I INNOVMAR: Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources (NORTE-01- 0145-FEDER-000035), funded by the Northern Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020) through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by the CNPq through a scholarship granted to the 2nd author (Process 200016 / 2014-8)

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    Authors: Bagatini, Daniela Cardozo;

    O colágeno é uma proteína de função estrutural presente nas peles de pescado, sendo que a partir de sua hidrólise parcial pode ser obtida a gelatina. A gelatina pode atuar como matriz polimérica na elaboração de filmes para aplicação em produtos alimentícios, o que se apresenta como uma alternativa à utilização de polímeros sintéticos derivados do petróleo e, portanto, poluentes. Além disso, a gelatina de pescado pode ser obtida devido à abundância de subprodutos de pescado produzidos pelas indústrias e ao seu baixo valor agregado. Em face disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar filmes utilizando gelatina extraída a partir de peles de pescada-olhuda (Cynoscion guatucupa), a fim de desenvolver embalagens biodegradáveis para alimentos. Foi elaborado um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 22, onde foram estudadas as condições de tempo e temperatura de extração da gelatina de peles de pescada-olhuda. As diferentes gelatinas extraídas foram utilizadas na elaboração de filmes através da técnica de casting com adição de 3 % de gelatina e 30 % de glicerol, os quais foram avaliados mediante as análises de espessura, diferença total de cor e opacidade, resistência à tração e alongamento na ruptura, solubilidade em água e permeabilidade ao vapor de água, sendo estas as respostas submetidas à análise de efeitos do planejamento, além do rendimento global das extrações de gelatina. Em seguida, o filme escolhido foi avaliado quanto à sua morfologia e propriedades térmicas, bem como seu potencial de biodegradabilidade no solo. Além disso, o mesmo foi utilizado no revestimento de filés de tainha (Mugil liza) para acompanhamento de sua estabilidade ao longo de 0, 3, 6 e 9 dias de armazenamento refrigerado, comparado com filés sem revestimento e revestidos com filme comercial de PVC, sendo submetidos a análises de perda de massa, diferença total de cor e de textura para cada dia de armazenamento. A partir do planejamento experimental elaborado, não foi possível verificar influência das condições de extração das gelatinas tanto no rendimento global quanto nos filmes testados, sendo assim os mesmos foram avaliados mediante teste de comparação das médias, e o filme que se destacou foi o obtido no EXP 5 (4h46min/60 °C). Este filme apresentou espessura de 0,045 mm, diferença total de cor de 16,60, opacidade de 8,36 %, resistência à tração de 10,00 MPa, alongamento na ruptura de 73,89 %, solubilidade em água de 34,52 % e permeabilidade ao vapor de água de 0,240 (g.mm/kPa.h.m2). O filme apresentou tempo igual ou inferior a 3 dias de degradação em solo. Através da aplicação do filme de gelatina de peles de pescada-olhuda em filés de tainha foi possível perceber que os filmes são uma barreira mais indicada para o revestimento de alimentos que apresentem uma atividade de água baixa ou intermediária. Collagen is a structural function protein present in fish skins, and from its partial hydrolysis gelatin can be obtained. Gelatin can act as a polymeric matrix in preparation of films for food products application, which presents as an alternative to the use of synthetic polymers derived from petroleum and, therefore, poluents. In addition, fish gelatin can be easily obtained because of the abundance of fish by-products produced in industries and because of their low value. The aim of this study was to elaborate films using gelatin extracted from stripped weakfish skins (Cynoscion guatucupa) in order to develop biodegradable food packaging. A complete factorial experimental design 22 was elaborated, where gelatin conditions of time and temperature from stripped weakfish skins were studied. The different gelatins extracted were applied on films elaboration trough casting technique with addition of 3 % of gelatin and 30 % of glycerol, which were evaluated by the analysis of thickness, total color difference and opacity, tensile strength and elongation at break, water solubility and water vapor permeability, and these were the responses submitted to effect analysis from experimental design, besides the global yield of gelatin extractions. Then, the chosen film was evaluated for morphology and thermal properties, as well as the potential for soil biodegradation. In addition, it was used in mullet (Mugil liza) fillet packaging to observe its stability over 0, 3, 6 and 9 days of refrigerated storage compared to unpacked fillets and fillets packed with commercial PVC films, so they were subject to mass loss analysis, total color difference and texture for each day of storage. Starting from experimental design, it was not possible to verify the influence of gelatin extraction conditions both in global yield and the tested films, so they were evaluated trough averages comparison, and the film that stood out was the one obtained for EXP 5 (4h46min/60 °C). This film presented thickness of 0,045 mm, total color difference of 16,60, opacity of 8,36 %, tensile strength of 10,00 MPa, elongation at break of 73,89 %, water solubility of 34,52 % and water vapor permeability of 0,240 (g.mm/kPa.h.m2). The film presented time equal to or less than 3 days of soil degradation. Through the application of gelatin film of stripped weakfish skins in mullet fillets it was possible to notice that the films are a more suitable barrier or coating food that present a low or intermediate water activity.

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    Authors: Weber, Paula Damião;

    Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior In aquatic environments, heavy metals are produced from natural and anthropogenic sources and the degree of contamination in fish tissues depend on pollutant type, fish species, sampling site, trophic level and their mode of feeding. The heavy metal concentration (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn and Pb) in water, sediment and liver of two fish species (Oligosarcus spp - carnivore and Chyphocarax voga - detritovore) was analyzed at two sampling sites in Sinos River, Brazil, during the four seasons. The highest heavy metals concentration was observed in the sediment, followed by water and lowest in fish. As the sediment was the major sink for pollution by metals in this river, it probably played an important role in the uptake of these metals by the detritivore species, which accumulated more metals in the liver than the carnivore species. Furthermore, potential ecological risk was low for both sampling sites, showing the low metal contamination in this area. Em ambientes aquáticos, metais pesados são produzidos a partir de fontes naturais e antropogênicas e o grau de contaminação nos tecidos dos peixes depende do tipo de poluente, da espécie de peixe, do local da amostragem, do nível trófico e seu modo de alimentação. A concentração de metais pesados (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn e Pb) na água, sedimento e fígado de duas espécies de peixes (Oligosarcus spp - carnívoro e Chyphocarax voga - detritívoro) foram analisados em dois pontos do Rio do Sinos, Brasil, durante as quatro estações do ano. O objetivo foi testar as hipóteses que o nível trófico e a proximidade com áreas impactadas influenciam o nível de contaminação por metais. As maiores concentrações de metais pesados foram observadas no sedimento, seguidas pela água e menores nos peixes. Como o sedimento foi o maior dreno para poluição por metais neste rio, provavelmente desempenhou um importante papel na captação destes metais pela espécie detritívora, a qual acumulou mais metais no fígado que a espécie carnívora. Além disso, o potencial risco ambiental foi baixo para os dois pontos amostrados, demonstrando a baixa contaminação por metais na área.

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    Authors: Valéria Leão Souza; Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati; Daniela Chainho Gonçalves; Paulo César Silva;

    Avaliou-se a utilização de energia, pelos índices hepatossomáticos, gordura víscerossomática e composição corporal do pacu submetido a ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar/realimentação, no período de engorda. Juvenis foram distribuídos em três tanques e submetidos aos programas alimentares: A (alimentado ad libitum, diariamente), B (restrição alimentar de quatro semanas, realimentado por nove semanas) e C (seis semanas de restrição alimentar, realimentado por sete semanas), num total de 13 semanas por ciclo (quatro ciclos experimentais). No final da restrição alimentar e realimentação, 6 peixes de cada tratamento foram amostrados e os dados biométricos e bioquímicos registrados. Os resultados demonstram que durante os dois primeiros ciclos, o tratamento C apresentou melhor crescimento compensatório. Teores de lipídio e água da carcaça foram inversamente correlacionados, com diminuição da gordura corporal. Ocorreu utilização das reservas energéticas hepáticas e viscerais nos peixes de B e C, na restrição alimentar. Estes parâmetros foram restabelecidos na realimentação, em todos os ciclos.

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    Authors: Martins, Vilásia Guimarães; Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira; Hernandez, Carlos Prentice;

    The fish proteins has the advantage of a high sensibility to the hydrolysis and also a balanced composition in aminoacids. The production of protein hydrolyzed from by-products of fish process industry has been receiving more attention on the last years. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of protein hydrolyzed from Micropogonias furnieri through chemical and enzymatic methods, verifying some functional properties. The results showed that the production of the hydrolyzed improved some functional properties of the proteins found in the filet and in the waste, what is desirable for a subsequent application.

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    Authors: OTA, E. do C.;

    Os aspectos nutricionais são relevantes para otimizar a produção da tilápia-do-Nilo e redução do impacto ambiental causado pela atividade. Em função do potencial no escopo dos aspectos nutricionais, estudos precisam ser incentivados acerca da qualidade das rações comerciais, uso de extratos de plantas e adubação de viveiros com cama-de-frango, considerando a variedade de sistemas de produção, fases de desenvolvimento dos peixes, características climáticas do local de produção e condição imunológica dos animais. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a qualidade de rações comerciais para tilápiado-Nilo em crescimento; testar a incorporação do extrato aquoso de folhas de Serjania marginata na dieta da tilápia; e verificar os efeitos da adubação com cama-de-frango em viveiros no cultivo da tilápia. O estudo da qualidade de rações comerciais foi realizado com rações de dez diferentes fabricantes sendo avaliados os aspectos físicos (tamanho de péletes, flutuabilidade, estabilidade e quantidade de finos), químicos (composição centesimal, e teores de aflatoxinas e de vitamina C) e biológicos (desempenho e digestibilidade); no estudo com uso do extrato aquoso de folhas de S. marginata foram avaliados os efeitos na atividade de enzimas do metabolismo digestivo e hepático e na histopatologia do intestino e fígado; e na fertilização com cama-de-frango foram avaliados a acumulação de elementos traço (água, sedimento e filé do peixe) e o desempenho produtivo (ganho de peso e conversão alimentar). De acordo com os resultados obtidos, destaca-se que a qualidade das rações comerciais difere entre fabricantes e lotes do mesmo fabricante, além de não ser condizente em alguns casos com a qualidade esperada, de acordo com as informações do rótulo e limites estabelecidos para sua conformidade, afetando os parâmetros de desempenho (índice viscerossomático, consumo de ração, mortalidade e taxas de retenção proteica e de energia) e de digestibilidade, com base na exigência da espécie (fósforo e proteína digestíveis), além de apresentarem relações inadequadas de cálcio/fósforo e energia/proteína, digestíveis Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-02T00:43:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 TeseErikaOta2019.pdf: 2761786 bytes, checksum: f2da800ebc3fb86c8a098358aed129c2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2019 Orientadora: Dra. Claudia Andréa Lima Cardoso; Coorientadora: Dra. Tarcila Souza de Castro Silva

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    Authors: Bock, Claudio Luiz; Pezzato, Luiz Edivaldo; Cantelmo, Osmar Angelo; Barros, Margarida Maria;

    This research was carried out to compare the effect of phytase on performance, in the incorporation and excretion phosphorus in Nile tilápia. Four diets were used: one standard (contol), composed by 3,200 DE kcal ED/kg of ration and 30.0% CP and supplemented with phosphorus (4.0% of dicalcium phosphate), considering the treatment control, and others three, without phosphorus supplementation, with different phytase levels (1,000, 1,500, and 2,000 uf/kg), with four replication, per a period of 82 days. Circular tanks of fiber glass, with constant flow and aeration were used. The results demonstrated that the use of phytase in diets for fish production can reduce the levels of inorganic phosphorus in the diets and minimizing the impacts caused by phosphorus in the production system and in the natural environment and also can improve the productivity, increasing the amount of feed to be supplied and, consequently, facilitating the increase of biomass of fish to be used per production area. © 2007 Sociedade Brasileira de Zootecnia.

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    Authors: P. Avilez-Valente; R. Peixoto; I. Iglesias;
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    Authors: Pereira, Lindalva;

    The use of biomarkers can provide a great help in the evaluation of the damages caused by pesticides in aquatic organisms. The present study aimed to verify the toxicity of clomazone and ametryn for a tropical freshwater fish Prochilodus lineatus by using different parameters in fish exposed for 96h to clomazone (1, 5 and 10 mg.L-1) and to ametryn, as the commercial product GesapaxR500 or in its pure form, in the concentrations 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1, or only to water (CTR). The parameters used were: hematological; metabolic (concentration of glucose); osmoionic (osmolarity and plasmatic Cl-, Na+ e K+); biochemical and genotoxic (DNA damage). Clomazone caused hematological disturbances in P. lineatus as noted in the lowervalues of hematocrit (Hct) in 10 mg.L-1; hemoglobin (Hb), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (HCM) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (CHCM) in 5 and 10 mg.L-1, which, in general, may indicate anemia. The number of erythrocytes (RBC) presented increased values in the lowerconcentration tested for clomazone, which probable is related to the stress response, with the releasing of immature erythrocytes in the blood stream. Clomazone also activated the detoxification and antioxidant pathways of the tested animals, as shown by the increased activity of the hepatic biotransformation enzyme glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and the antioxidant enzyme catalase (CAT) in 5 and 10 mg.L-1. The reduced activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) observed in 5 and 10 mg.L-1 indicated efficient performance of CAT removing the H2O2, or even a competition with GST for the substratereduced glutathione (GSH). The activity of brain acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in P. lineatus was inhibited in the concentrations of 5 and 10 mg.L-1 of clomazone, showing that this herbicide has an anticholinesterasic effect on the studied fish species. Fish exposed to ametrynshowed hematological disturbances such as lower values of Hct in 2.5 and 5.0 mg.L-1 and of RBC in the concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1. The reduction of plasmatic K+ in the concentration of 2.5 mg.L-1, and the hematological alterations mentioned above, may indicate a rupture of the erythrocytes. Fish exposed both to pure ametrynand the formulated product, showed higher values of glucose as a stress response, in both concentrations tested. The two products also caused inhibition of the gill activity of Na+/K+ATPase in 5.0 mg.L-1. The concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in the malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, leading to the conclusion that ametrynor its formulated product do not generate lipidic peroxidation. DNA damages in the erythrocytes of P. lineatus were x observed in the concentration of 5.0 mg.L-1 of ametryn and GesapaxR 500, showing the genotoxicity of ametryn, probably because it binds directly to the genetic material of the fish. The results presented here allow concluding that the pesticides ametryn and clomazone interfere in the functional parameters of P. lineatus and can compromise the health of these animals O uso de biomarcadores é importante para avaliar os efeitos causados por agrotóxicos em organismos aquáticos como os peixes. No presente estudo foram utilizados os parâmetros hematológicos, metabólico (glicose plasmática), osmoiônicos (íons Na+, K+ e Cl-), bioquímicose genotóxico (ensaio do cometa), para avaliar a toxicidade dos herbicidas ametrina e clomazone para a espécie de peixe neotropical Prochilodus lineatus. Peixes jovens foram expostos a três concentrações de clomazone: 1, 5 e 10 mg.L-1 , além do grupo controle (CTR) por 96 h. Este herbicida provocou alterações sanguíneas em P. lineatus como diminuição do hematócrito (Hcto) em 10 mg.L-1; hemoglobina (Hb), hemoglobina corpuscular média (HCM) e concentração de hemoglobina corpuscular média (CHCM) em 5 e 10 mg.L- 1, que podem indicar anemia. O número de eritrócitos (RBC) apresentou aumento na menor concentração testada, refletindo provável resposta de estresse com liberação de eritrócitos jovens na corrente sanguínea. O clomazone também ativou as vias de desintoxicação e as vias antioxidantes dos animais testados, como foi demonstrado pelo aumento da atividade hepática da enzima de biotransformação glutationa-Stransferase (GST) e da enzima antioxidante catalase (CAT) em 5 e 10 mg.L-1. A redução da atividade da glutationa peroxidase (GPx) observada em 5 e 10 mg.L-1 indica atuação eficiente da CAT na remoção do H2O2, ou competição com a GST pelo substrato glutationa reduzida (GSH). A atividade da enzima acetilcolinesterase (AChE) cerebral de P. lineatus foi inibida nas concentrações de 5 e 10 mg.L-1 de clomazone, mostrando que este produto tem ação anticolinesterásica para a espécie em questão. O herbicida ametrina foi testado de duas formas: utilizado na sua forma pura e também como produto formulado GesapaxR500, nas concentrações de 2,5 e 5,0 mg.L-1. Os peixes expostos a estes produtos durante 96 h apresentaram alterações hematológicas como diminuição do Hcto em 2,5 e 5,0 mg.L-1 e do RBC na concentração de 5,0 mg.L-1. O aumento do K+ plasmático na concentração de 2,5 mg.L-1, juntamente com as alterações hematológicas podem ser indicativos de rompimento dos eritrócitos. Os peixes expostos tanto à ametrina pura quanto ao produto formulado, apresentaram aumento da glicemia como resposta de estresse em ambas as concentrações testadas. A ametrina pura e o GesapaxR500 causaram inibição da atividade branquial da Na+/K+ATPase em 5,0 mg.L-1. Foi verificado diminuição significativa de malondialdeído (MDA) nos peixes expostos à concentração de 5 mg.L-1 de ametrina e de GesapaxR500, indicando que estes não viii geraram peroxidação lipídica. Danos no DNA de eritrócitos de P. lineatus foram observados na concentração de 5,0 mg.L-1 de ametrina e GesapaxR500, evidenciando a genotoxicidade destes, provavelmente por ação direta sobre material genético. Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que os herbicidas ametrina e clomazone interferem nos parâmetros funcionais de P. lineatus, podendo comprometer a saúde desses animais.

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    Authors: Dutra Caldeira, Luiz Felipe;

    CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior A construção civil é um dos setores que muito impacta o meio ambiente por utilizar matéria prima natural e entregar produtos que geram resíduos e a adaptação de locais para sua construção. A fim de avaliar as condições ambientais das edificações e melhorar seu desempenho ambiental, surgiram os sistemas de certificação de edificações no exterior, sendo que alguns foram adaptados para o Brasil. Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar o desempenho de uma edificação em relação às 14 Categorias de Avaliação do Referencial Técnico AQUA – Edifícios Escolares e Escritórios, de 2007, e propor melhorias do desempenho. Este sistema de certificação é uma adaptação, para o Brasil, do sistema HQE (Hauté Qualite Environmentale), que tem sido adotado na Europa para avaliação dos critérios de sustentabilidade em edifícios desde 2002, além de ser considerada, por alguns estudos, a mais adaptada para a situação nacional. O método de pesquisa considera um estudo de caso - o novo prédio da Faculdade de Engenharia da UFJF. Os resultados obtidos demonstram que a preocupação com o desempenho ambiental do edifício ainda pode sofrer melhorias. Pensar em medidas mais sustentáveis, de acordo com o AQUA, na fase de planejamento e projeto fez parte da dinâmica do novo prédio de modo incipiente. Diretrizes foram apontadas e poderão contribuir para o aumento de seu desempenho. Além disso, foram sugeridas medidas que podem ser adotadas para futuros prédios com as mesmas características. As informações levantadas e suas recomendações sugerem o aumento do desempenho ambiental do edifício avaliado, através da aplicação do Questionário AQUA. The construction industry is one of the sectors that most impacts the environment by using natural materials and delivering products that generates waste and site adaptation. In order to assess building’s environmental conditions and improve their environmental performance, international certification systems emerged and some of them have been adapted to Brazil. This study aims to analyze the performance of an specific building in relation to 14 categories set by the Technical Reference AQUA - School Buildings & Offices, 2007, and come up with improvements in its performance. AQUA is a certification system adapted to Brazil based on the system HQE (Haute Qualite Environmentale), which has been used in Europe to evaluate sustainability criteria in buildings since 2002. It is considered the most adapted to Brazilian situation. The research method focus on a case study - the new building in UFJF Engineering College. The results show that concern about the environmental performance can still be improved. Search for more sustainable measures, according to the AQUA, starting at the planning and design phases was incipient in the new building’s dynamics. Guidelines were recomended and may contribute to increase the building’s performance. In addition, measures were suggested and could be adopted for this building. The information gathered and its recommendations suggest the increasing of environmental performance for the evaluated building, through the application of AQUA Questionnaire.

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    Authors: Iglesias, I.; Venâncio, S.; Peixoto, R.; Pinho, José L. S.; +2 Authors

    Estuarine areas have been intensively studied due to their complex physical processes and the societal importance of their ecosystem services. To perform a deeper hydrodynamic study allowing an accurate representation of the physical processes, numerical models are essential. This work performs a comparison of the two 2DH estuarine models, included in the modelling suites OpenTelemac and Delft3D. The aim is to understand how the different numerical schemes might influence the models’ output. The models were applied to one of the main Portuguese estuaries: the Douro River estuary. The strong floods that the estuarine region periodically suffers, with economic losses and damages to the local protected landscape areas and hydraulic structures, show the importance of a complete characterization of the areas at risk and how they might be affected. Both models were configured with the same initial and boundary conditions and similar bathymetries. The simulations presented herein use a pre-breakwater construction configuration. However, a postbreakwater construction configuration was also defined and results will be presented at the conference. A special interest will be attached to the role of the Cabedelo sandbar, as this is expected to break for strong river discharges thus diminishing the flooding risk. This research was partially supported by the Research Line ECOSERVICES, integrated in the Structured Program of R&D&I INNOVMAR: Innovation and Sustainability in the Management and Exploitation of Marine Resources (NORTE-01- 0145-FEDER-000035), funded by the Northern Regional Operational Programme (NORTE2020) through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), and by the CNPq through a scholarship granted to the 2nd author (Process 200016 / 2014-8)

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    Authors: Bagatini, Daniela Cardozo;

    O colágeno é uma proteína de função estrutural presente nas peles de pescado, sendo que a partir de sua hidrólise parcial pode ser obtida a gelatina. A gelatina pode atuar como matriz polimérica na elaboração de filmes para aplicação em produtos alimentícios, o que se apresenta como uma alternativa à utilização de polímeros sintéticos derivados do petróleo e, portanto, poluentes. Além disso, a gelatina de pescado pode ser obtida devido à abundância de subprodutos de pescado produzidos pelas indústrias e ao seu baixo valor agregado. Em face disso, o objetivo deste estudo foi elaborar filmes utilizando gelatina extraída a partir de peles de pescada-olhuda (Cynoscion guatucupa), a fim de desenvolver embalagens biodegradáveis para alimentos. Foi elaborado um planejamento experimental fatorial completo 22, onde foram estudadas as condições de tempo e temperatura de extração da gelatina de peles de pescada-olhuda. As diferentes gelatinas extraídas foram utilizadas na elaboração de filmes através da técnica de casting com adição de 3 % de gelatina e 30 % de glicerol, os quais foram avaliados mediante as análises de espessura, diferença total de cor e opacidade, resistência à tração e alongamento na ruptura, solubilidade em água e permeabilidade ao vapor de água, sendo estas as respostas submetidas à análise de efeitos do planejamento, além do rendimento global das extrações de gelatina. Em seguida, o filme escolhido foi avaliado quanto à sua morfologia e propriedades térmicas, bem como seu potencial de biodegradabilidade no solo. Além disso, o mesmo foi utilizado no revestimento de filés de tainha (Mugil liza) para acompanhamento de sua estabilidade ao longo de 0, 3, 6 e 9 dias de armazenamento refrigerado, comparado com filés sem revestimento e revestidos com filme comercial de PVC, sendo submetidos a análises de perda de massa, diferença total de cor e de textura para cada dia de armazenamento. A partir do planejamento experimental elaborado, não foi possível verificar influência das condições de extração das gelatinas tanto no rendimento global quanto nos filmes testados, sendo assim os mesmos foram avaliados mediante teste de comparação das médias, e o filme que se destacou foi o obtido no EXP 5 (4h46min/60 °C). Este filme apresentou espessura de 0,045 mm, diferença total de cor de 16,60, opacidade de 8,36 %, resistência à tração de 10,00 MPa, alongamento na ruptura de 73,89 %, solubilidade em água de 34,52 % e permeabilidade ao vapor de água de 0,240 (g.mm/kPa.h.m2). O filme apresentou tempo igual ou inferior a 3 dias de degradação em solo. Através da aplicação do filme de gelatina de peles de pescada-olhuda em filés de tainha foi possível perceber que os filmes são uma barreira mais indicada para o revestimento de alimentos que apresentem uma atividade de água baixa ou intermediária. Collagen is a structural function protein present in fish skins, and from its partial hydrolysis gelatin can be obtained. Gelatin can act as a polymeric matrix in preparation of films for food products application, which presents as an alternative to the use of synthetic polymers derived from petroleum and, therefore, poluents. In addition, fish gelatin can be easily obtained because of the abundance of fish by-products produced in industries and because of their low value. The aim of this study was to elaborate films using gelatin extracted from stripped weakfish skins (Cynoscion guatucupa) in order to develop biodegradable food packaging. A complete factorial experimental design 22 was elaborated, where gelatin conditions of time and temperature from stripped weakfish skins were studied. The different gelatins extracted were applied on films elaboration trough casting technique with addition of 3 % of gelatin and 30 % of glycerol, which were evaluated by the analysis of thickness, total color difference and opacity, tensile strength and elongation at break, water solubility and water vapor permeability, and these were the responses submitted to effect analysis from experimental design, besides the global yield of gelatin extractions. Then, the chosen film was evaluated for morphology and thermal properties, as well as the potential for soil biodegradation. In addition, it was used in mullet (Mugil liza) fillet packaging to observe its stability over 0, 3, 6 and 9 days of refrigerated storage compared to unpacked fillets and fillets packed with commercial PVC films, so they were subject to mass loss analysis, total color difference and texture for each day of storage. Starting from experimental design, it was not possible to verify the influence of gelatin extraction conditions both in global yield and the tested films, so they were evaluated trough averages comparison, and the film that stood out was the one obtained for EXP 5 (4h46min/60 °C). This film presented thickness of 0,045 mm, total color difference of 16,60, opacity of 8,36 %, tensile strength of 10,00 MPa, elongation at break of 73,89 %, water solubility of 34,52 % and water vapor permeability of 0,240 (g.mm/kPa.h.m2). The film presented time equal to or less than 3 days of soil degradation. Through the application of gelatin film of stripped weakfish skins in mullet fillets it was possible to notice that the films are a more suitable barrier or coating food that present a low or intermediate water activity.

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    Authors: Weber, Paula Damião;

    Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior In aquatic environments, heavy metals are produced from natural and anthropogenic sources and the degree of contamination in fish tissues depend on pollutant type, fish species, sampling site, trophic level and their mode of feeding. The heavy metal concentration (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn and Pb) in water, sediment and liver of two fish species (Oligosarcus spp - carnivore and Chyphocarax voga - detritovore) was analyzed at two sampling sites in Sinos River, Brazil, during the four seasons. The highest heavy metals concentration was observed in the sediment, followed by water and lowest in fish. As the sediment was the major sink for pollution by metals in this river, it probably played an important role in the uptake of these metals by the detritivore species, which accumulated more metals in the liver than the carnivore species. Furthermore, potential ecological risk was low for both sampling sites, showing the low metal contamination in this area. Em ambientes aquáticos, metais pesados são produzidos a partir de fontes naturais e antropogênicas e o grau de contaminação nos tecidos dos peixes depende do tipo de poluente, da espécie de peixe, do local da amostragem, do nível trófico e seu modo de alimentação. A concentração de metais pesados (Al, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Zn e Pb) na água, sedimento e fígado de duas espécies de peixes (Oligosarcus spp - carnívoro e Chyphocarax voga - detritívoro) foram analisados em dois pontos do Rio do Sinos, Brasil, durante as quatro estações do ano. O objetivo foi testar as hipóteses que o nível trófico e a proximidade com áreas impactadas influenciam o nível de contaminação por metais. As maiores concentrações de metais pesados foram observadas no sedimento, seguidas pela água e menores nos peixes. Como o sedimento foi o maior dreno para poluição por metais neste rio, provavelmente desempenhou um importante papel na captação destes metais pela espécie detritívora, a qual acumulou mais metais no fígado que a espécie carnívora. Além disso, o potencial risco ambiental foi baixo para os dois pontos amostrados, demonstrando a baixa contaminação por metais na área.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ LAReferencia - Red F...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Valéria Leão Souza; Elisabeth Criscuolo Urbinati; Daniela Chainho Gonçalves; Paulo César Silva;

    Avaliou-se a utilização de energia, pelos índices hepatossomáticos, gordura víscerossomática e composição corporal do pacu submetido a ciclos alternados de restrição alimentar/realimentação, no período de engorda. Juvenis foram distribuídos em três tanques e submetidos aos programas alimentares: A (alimentado ad libitum, diariamente), B (restrição alimentar de quatro semanas, realimentado por nove semanas) e C (seis semanas de restrição alimentar, realimentado por sete semanas), num total de 13 semanas por ciclo (quatro ciclos experimentais). No final da restrição alimentar e realimentação, 6 peixes de cada tratamento foram amostrados e os dados biométricos e bioquímicos registrados. Os resultados demonstram que durante os dois primeiros ciclos, o tratamento C apresentou melhor crescimento compensatório. Teores de lipídio e água da carcaça foram inversamente correlacionados, com diminuição da gordura corporal. Ocorreu utilização das reservas energéticas hepáticas e viscerais nos peixes de B e C, na restrição alimentar. Estes parâmetros foram restabelecidos na realimentação, em todos os ciclos.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Scientiarum : B...arrow_drop_down
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    DOAJ
    Article . 2008
    Data sources: DOAJ
    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Acta Scientiarum : B...arrow_drop_down
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      DOAJ
      Article . 2008
      Data sources: DOAJ
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
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      This Research product is the result of merged Research products in OpenAIRE.

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    Authors: Martins, Vilásia Guimarães; Costa, Jorge Alberto Vieira; Hernandez, Carlos Prentice;

    The fish proteins has the advantage of a high sensibility to the hydrolysis and also a balanced composition in aminoacids. The production of protein hydrolyzed from by-products of fish process industry has been receiving more attention on the last years. The aim of this work was to evaluate the production of protein hydrolyzed from Micropogonias furnieri through chemical and enzymatic methods, verifying some functional properties. The results showed that the production of the hydrolyzed improved some functional properties of the proteins found in the filet and in the waste, what is desirable for a subsequent application.

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