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  • image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/
    Authors: Şen, Ali;

    Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the changes in fatty acid composition of sea bass fish grown in different environments (wild-freshwater environment, wild-marine environment, culture) as a result of applying three different cooking methods (deep fat frying, grilling, baking). Materials and Methods: 3 different cooking methods (deep fat frying, grilling, baking) were applied to sea bass fish grown in different environments (wild freshwater environment, wild marine environment, culture). 4 different groups were formed, including raw fish samples. The procedures applied in this research were carried out in triplicate. After the fish were washed and cleaned, they were made into fillets. Samples are adjusted to a minimum of 500 g. Fatty acid composition analysis was performed using the COI / T.20 / Doc.no.17 gas chromatographic method and GC-FID device. Results: The % fatty acids values obtained as a result of the analysis were determined as follows in the "freshwater, marine, culture" sea bass fish and in the "raw, deep fat frying, grilling, baking" co-oking groups, respectively. Omega-3; (14.78; 9.19; 13.60; 9.89), (16.41; 9.35; 15.66; 10.34), (11.76; 9.73; 11.23; 9 ,41), omega-6; (18.52; 46.58, 12.36; 29.83), (22.53; 30.49; 12.86; 29.81), (18.19; 30.18; 18.30; 30 .34), saturated fat; (0.47; 0.51; 0.80; 0.38), (0.50; 0.58; 0.77; 0.50), (1.68; 1.21; 1.18; 2 .03), monounsaturated fat; (0.93; 1.29; 0.62; 0.97), (0.79; 1.35; 0.60; 1.16), (3.22; 2.73; 2.32; 4 .59), polyunsaturated fat; (0.70; 2.33; 0.51; 0.99), (0.93; 1.41; 0.56; 1.23), (2.45; 2.91; 1.72; 4 .83), ALA; (0.33; 1.31; 0.25; 0.63), (0.38; 0.27; 0.24; 0.57), (0.42; 0.42; 0.35; 0 ,28), EPA; (0.02; 0.01; 0.23; 0.02), (0.03; 0.01; 0.25; 0.03), (0.01; 0.01; 0.02; 0 .01), DHA; (5.72; 4.91; 10.64; 4.80), (8.26; 4.68; 12.36; 5.28), (5.47; 4.70; 5.18; 4 ,66). Conclusion: According to all fish groups and cooking methods, grilled wild sea bass is the most suitable in terms of omega-3. Freshwater sea bass cooked in deep fat fried is more suitable in terms of omega-6, baked cultured sea bass is more suitable in terms of mono and polyunsaturated fats, grilled wild marine sea bass is more suitable in terms of EPA and DHA. For deep fat frying methods is generally cultured fish more suitable, wild freshwater and marine fish are more suitable for oven cooking for diets low in saturated fat. When raw and cooked fish groups are compared, cooking processes have a significant effect on the approximate fatty acid composition of fish. Amaç: Bu araştırmada farklı ortamlarda yetişmiş (tatlı su, deniz, kültür) levrek balıklarının üç farklı pişirme yöntemi (derin yağda kızartma, ızgarada, fırında) uygulanması sonucu yağ asitleri kompozisyonunda oluşan değişimlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Farklı ortamlarda yetişen (tatlı su, deniz, kültür)levrek balıklarına 3 farklı pişirme yöntemi (yağda, ızgarada, fırında) uygulanmıştır. Çiğ balık numuneleri dahil 4 farklı grup oluşturulmuş, uygulanan işlemler 3 tekrar olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Balıklar yıkanıp temizlendikten sonra fileto haline getirilmiş en az 500 gr olacak şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Yağ asitleri kompozisyon analizi COI/T.20/Doc.no.17 gaz kromatografik yöntem ve GC-FID cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda elde edilen % yağ asitleri değerleri sırasıyla “tatlı su, deniz, kültür” levrek balıklarında ve sırasıyla “çiğ, derin yağda, ızgarada, fırında” pişirme gruplarında, omega-3; (14,78; 9,19; 13,60; 9,89), (16,41; 9,35; 15,66; 10,34), (11,76; 9,73; 11,23; 9,41), omega-6; (18,52; 46,58, 12,36; 29,83), (22,53; 30,49; 12,86; 29,81), (18,19; 30,18; 18,30; 30,34), doymuş yağ; (0,47; 0,51; 0,80; 0,38), (0,50; 0,58; 0,77; 0,50), (1,68; 1,21; 1,18; 2,03), tekli doymamış yağ; (0,93; 1,29; 0,62; 0,97), (0,79; 1,35; 0,60; 1,16), (3,22; 2,73; 2,32; 4,59), çoklu doymamış yağ; (0,70; 2,33; 0,51; 0,99), (0,93; 1,41; 0,56; 1,23), (2,45; 2,91; 1,72; 4,83), ALA; (0,33; 1,31; 0,25; 0,63), (0,38; 0,27; 0,24; 0,57), (0,42; 0,42; 0,35; 0,28), EPA; (0,02; 0,01; 0,23; 0,02), (0,03; 0,01; 0,25; 0,03), (0,01; 0,01; 0,02; 0,01), DHA; (5,72; 4,91; 10,64; 4,80), (8,26; 4,68; 12,36; 5,28), (5,47; 4,70; 5,18; 4,66) olarak tespit edilmiştir Öneri: Bütün balık grupları ve pişirme yöntemlerine göre omega-3 yönünden en uygun ızgarada pişirilmiş deniz levrekleridir. Yağda pişirilmiş tatlı su levrekleri omega-6, fırında pişirilmiş kültür levrekleri tekli ve çoklu doymamış yağlar, ızgarada pişirilmiş deniz levrekleri EPA ve DHA yönünden daha uygundur. Yağda pişirme yöntemine genel olarak kültür balıkları daha uygunken, doymuş yağ içeriği düşük diyetler için doğal tatlı su ve deniz balıkları fırında pişirme yöntemine daha uygundur. Çiğ ve pişmiş balık grupları kıyaslandığında pişirme işlemleri balıketinin yaklaşık yağ asidi bileşimleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir.

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    Authors: Yılmaz, Muhittin; Türköz, Yusuf; Erdemli, A. Ümit; Kalkan, Ercan; +1 Authors

    Bu ara~IIfITla haziran ile ekim 1997 tarihleri arasmda gergekle~tirildi. Ar~t,"Tlada, y,*lan ve cinsiyetleri aynl alan 92 adet Capoeta caposts umbJa ve 86 adet Capoet8 tlUtta kullanllch. SOz konusu ballklann metrik ve meristik de· gerierine gOre klasik olarak tur ve all lOr tespili yaplldl. C. IlUtta ve C. capoela umbla'iann kan serum proteinlerinin SOS·Poliakriiamid Jel Elektroforez (SOS·PAGE) yOntemi ile incelenerek yapllan fUr ve alt tOr 9all~maslnda , C. tlUtt{ J'd8 16, C. capoeta umbla'da ise 11 protein bandl tespit edildi. C. trutta'nln eleklroforegrammda diger lOre gOre 8 farkl1 protein band! gOzlendi. Bunun yanl sira 8 aOOt protein bandl bu iki ballk arasmda benzerlik gOsterdi. SOS-PAGE lie elde edilen verilere gOre, C. tlUtta va C. capoeta umbla arasmda eleklroforegamda olu$an protein banllan baklmmdan %50'lik farkllllk tasp!1 edilmi~ ve bunun laksOrlOmik ayldan Onemfi ofdugu sonucuna vanlml~tlr. In Ihis study, an electrophoretic comparison 01 serum blood proteins of two species 01 fish, Cspoeta trulla and Capoels capoeta umbls, were carried out. Study was carried between june and october in 1997. Using the Ran· dom Sampling Method, 92 C. capos's umbla and 86 C. trutta which the same age and sex were used. The iden· dification of species and subspecies were done though their metric and meristic characteristics. While 16 band pat· tern was observed in C. trutta, the number 01 protein bands for C. capoeta umbla was 11 . From the electrophorelic mobility 8 bands of species gave similar pattern, but the rest was seen to be different. As a result, we concluded that, there is a %50 similarity between C. trulta and C. capoeta umbla based on their serum blood proteins.

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    Authors: Günhan, Rabia Serpil;

    Bu çalışmada, Konya ve çevresinde tüketime sunulan balıklarda civa ve kadmiyum metallerinin düzeyleri belirlenerek, elde edilen bulgulara göre, durum insan sağlığı açısından değerlendirildi. Satış noktalarından 3 farklı tür balık; istavrit, uskumru, sardalya olmak üzere her türden 21 adet olup toplam 63 adet numune temin edildi. Balıkların boy ve ağırlıkları ölçüldü. Numunelerin yenilebilir et kısmında metal düzeyleri Perkin Elmer Optima DV 2000 model ICP-OES cihazıyla belirlendi. Araştırmada numunelerin ortalama, en düşük ve en yüksek civa ve kadmiyum düzeyleri sırasıyla, İstavritte; civa 98.11, 83.45 ve 122.20 ng/g, kadmiyum 0.041, 0.017 ve 0.087 ng/g, sardalyada; civa 99.76, 82.34 ve 1 18.12 ng/g, kadmiyum 0.094, 0.065 ve 0.129 ug/g ve uskumruda ise civa 106.60, 85.26 ve 138.20 ng/g, kadmiyum 0.062, 0.042 ve 0.091 ug/g tespit edildi. Balıkların bazı türlerinde boy ve ağırlıkları ile metal seviyeleri arasında ilişki bulundu. Uskumruda boy ve ağırlık arttıkça civa birikimi önemli düzeyde artığı gözlendi. Sardalyada boy arttıkça civa düzeyinde önemli seviyede artış görüldü. Araştırma sonucunda Konya ve çevresinde tüketime sunulan istavrit, sardalya ve uskumru balıklarındaki civa ve kadmiyum değerlerinin halk sağlığı açısından herhangi bir salanca yaratmayacak düzeylerde olduğu kanısına varılmıştır. In this study, cadmium and mercury levels of fish in Konya were determined and the results were evaluated for human health. In this experiment, three different fish ; Trachurus trachurus, Scomber scombrus and Sordino pilchardus were obtained from markets, totally 63 samples (21 samples of each species) were used. Total size and weight of the samples were measured. The metal level in the edible muscle parts of the samples were measured by Perkin Elmer Optima DV 2000 model ICP-OES. The mean, minumum and maximum concentrations of mercury and cadmium in examined fish species were found as mercury 98.11, 83.45 and 122.20 ng/g, cadmium 0.041, 0.017 and 0.087 ng/g in Trachurus trachurus; mercury 99.76, 82.34 and 118.12 ng/g, cadmium 0.094, 0.065 and 0.129 ug/g in Sordino pilchardus; mercury 106.60, 85.26 and 138.20 ng/g, cadmium 0.062, 0.042 and 0.091 ng/g in Scomber scombrus, respectively. The positive corelation was found between the length - weight and the metal levels in some species. Size (either length or weight) of Scomber scombrus was positively correlated with mercury bioaccumulation. Mercury level increased with increasing the length of Sordino pilchardus. It is concluded that mercury and cadmium levels of fish samples consumed in Konya were not harmful for human health.

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    Authors: Yıldırım, İkbal;

    In this study, total fatty acid composition and its seasonal variation of sea bream, Sparus aurata L. which taken from Mersin were investigated by gas chromatographic method. Twelve different fatty acids were determined in the compositions of S. aurata. Fatty acid compositions were seen between C 14 and C 22. Total percentages of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher than saturated fatty acids in four seasons. Oleic acid was determined as fatty acid which has the highest percentage for every season. Generally percentages of Ï -3 fatty acids were determined higher than percentages of Ï -6 fatty acids. Bu çalışmada Mersin yöresinden alınan çipura balığı, Sparus aurata L.' ın total yağ asidi bileşiminin mevsimsel değişimi gaz kromatografi ile araştırılmıştır. S. aurata'ın bileşiminde 12 farklı yağ asidi belirlenmiştir. Yağ asitleri bileşimlerinin C 14 ile C 22 arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Dört mevsimde de doymamış ve aşırı doymamış yağ asitleri toplam yüzdeleri, doymuş yağ asitleri yüzdelerinden daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Her mevsim için oleik asit en yüksek yüzdeye sahip yağ asidi olarak bulunmuştur. Genel olarak Ï -3 yağ asitleri yüzdeleri, Ï -6 yağ asitleri yüzdelerinden daha yüksek belirlenmiştir.

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    Authors: Ağca, İhsan;

    In this study, the existence of organochlorine pesticide residues have been investigated in fish species sold in Konya markets, Turkey. Investigated residues of organochlorine pesticides are 14 pieces. Except endosulfans, the usage of these had been restricted many years ago in many countries including our country because of their persistency. In all 18 examinated fish species (trout, red mullet, bluefish, gilt-head bream, sea bass, horse mackerel, goby, grey mullet, gurnard, greater amberjack, common sea bream, whiting, bonito, pilchard, native mackerel, import mackerel, pike perch and garfish), the presence of residues of organochlorine pesticides is determined. All 14 organochlorine pesticide residues were detected in all fish species except trout, horse mackerel and bonito. In these residues of organochlorine pesticides, in turn, it is detected amount of pesticides mostly in native mackerel, import mackerel, gilt-head bream, sea bream and in horse mackerel. In investigated 14 organochlorine pesticides, it was determined that aldrin in bonito; dieldrin, endrin, α-endosulfan, p-p'-DDT with p-p'-DDE in horse mackerel; heptachlor in native mackerel; heptachlor epoxide, α-HCH with γ-HCH in import mackerel; β-endosulfan in garfish; β-HCH with δ-HCH in common sea bream and p-p'-DDD in bluefish have maximum residue levels. But, despite of this maximum residue limit levels, it was showed that the amount of residues in organochlorine pesticides in all investigated fish species was under the MRL of WHO/FAO. Bu çalışmada, Konya (Türkiye) marketlerinde satılan balık türlerindeki organoklorlu pestisit kalıntılarının varlığı araştırılmıştır. Kalıntıları araştırılan organoklorlu pestisitler, 14 tane olup bunlardan endosülfan dışındakilerin kullanımı, kalıcılıkları nedeniyle ülkemiz dâhil bir çok ülkede yıllar önce yasaklanmıştır. İncelenen 18 balık türünün hepsinde (alabalık, barbunya, çinekop, çipura, deniz levreği, istavrit, kaya, kefal, kırlangıç, kuzu, mercan, mezgit, palamut, sardalya, ithal uskumru, yerli uskumru, uzun levrek ve zargana) de organoklorlu pestisit kalıntılarının varlığı tespit edilmiştir. 14 organoklorlu pestisit kalıntısı alabalık, istavrit ve palamut dışında incelenen bütün balık türlerinde bulunmuştur. Kalıntı miktarlarının araştırıldığı bu balık türlerinde en fazla pestisit miktarına; sırasıyla uskumru yerli, uskumru ithal, çipura, mercan ve istavrit'te rastlanmıştır. Araştırılan 14 organoklorlu pestisitten aldrinin -i- palamut'ta; dieldrin, endrin, α-Endosülfan, p-p'-DDT ile p-p'-DDE'nin istavrit'te; heptaklor'un yerli uskumru'da; heptaklor epoksit, α-HCH ile γ-HCH'nin ithal uskumru'da; β-Endosülfan'ın zargana'da; β-HCH ile δ-HCH'nin mercan'da ve p-p'-DDD'nin ise çinekop'ta en yüksek kalıntı limit değerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fakat bulunan bu en yüksek kalıntı limit değerlerine rağmen, incelenen tüm balık türlerindeki organik klorlu pestisit kalıntı miktarlarının, WHO/FAO'nun maksimum residüel limitlerinin altında olduğu görülmüştür.

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    Authors: Eroğlu, Feyza Tuba;

    Akciğer kanseri dünya çapında kanserden ölümler arasında başlıca ölüm sebebidir. Erken tanısı hastanın yaşam süresini uzatan bir faktördür. Bununla birlikte tanı konulan hastaların ancak küçük bir kısmı klinik olarak evre I'de tanı almaktadır. Hastalığın başlangıç süreci oldukça yavaştır dolayısıyla bu süreçte tanı koymak için yeni stratejiler geliştirmek gereklidir. Bronkoskopi, klinik ve radyolojik olarak akciğer karsinomundan şüphelenilen hastalarda sitolojik veya histopatolojik kesin tanının konulmasında kullanılan tanı koydurucu bir yöntemdir. Bronkoskopi, akciğer kanserinde büyük oranda gerçek tanıya ulaşılmasını sağlar. Floresan in situ hibridizasyon (FISH), floresan boyalarla işaretlenmiş DNA probları ile mikroskobik olarak interfaz hücrelerinde kromozom anomalilerini tespit etmek amacıyla kullanılan bir tekniktir. Kanser hücreleri normal hücrelere göre çok sayıda yapısal ve sayısal kromozomal anomali içermektedir. FISH kanser tanısıyla uyumlu kromozomal anomalileri saptamak için kullanılmaktadır . Çalışmamızda, bronkoskopik yolla elde edilen dokulardan hazırladığımız preparatlara FISH yöntemi uygulayarak EGFR, HER2 ve c-Met onkogenlerinde meydana gelen gen kopya sayı artışlarının akciğer kanseri ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. EGFR genine ait amplifikasyon yüzdesi %11, HER2 genine ait amplifikasyon yüzdesi %16, c-Met geni için amplifikasyon yüzdesi ise %35 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar literatürle uyumlu olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Lung cancer is the primary death cause among the cancer patients in the world. Early diagnosis of lung cancer, is a factor in extending the patients life. However, only a small part of patients are diagnosed in stage (I) clinically. Early stage of lung cancer is relatively slow, so for period it is necessary to develop new strategies for diagnosis. Bronchoscopy is the diagnostic method used in definite cytological or histopathological diagnosis of patients with clinically and radiologically suspected lung carcinoma. Bronchoscopy helps to reach the true diagnosis in lung cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a method, used to identify chromosomal abnormalities in interphase cells by DNA probes labeled with fluorescent dyes. When compared with normal cells, cancer cells contain a number of structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities. FISH method is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities compatible with a diagnosis of cancer. In our study, we applied FISH technique on prepared tissue slides obtained from bronchoscopically way to detect EGFR, Her2 and c-Met gene copy numbers and their relationship with lung cancer. It was determined that the EGFR gene amplification percentage was 11%, Her2 16% and c-met 35%. These results were in accordance with the literature.

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    Authors: Kalyoncu, Leyla;

    In this study, total fatty acid composition of Merluccius merluccius from Marmara Sea, in autumn and spring was investigated by gas chromatographic method. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), were identified as the major fatty acid constituents. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were found to be higher than polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the fish muscle in both seasons. The contents of C20:5-ω3 and C22:6 in total fatty acid in the European hake ranged from 5.76% (autumn) to 7.33 % (spring) and from 14.84% (autumn) to 25.97% (spring), respectively. Total fatty acid compositions of fish tissues can be affected by diet, size, age, reproductive cycle, salinity, temperature, season and geographical location. M. merluccius may be a valuable food for human consumption in terms of fatty acids. Bu çalışmada sonbahar ve ilkbaharda Marmara Denizi’nden alınan Merluccius merluccius L. total yağ asit kompozisyonu gaz kromatografik yöntemle araştırılmıştır. Palmitik asit (C16:0), stearik asit (C18:0), oleik asit (C18:1) ve dokosaheksaenoik asit (C22:6) majör yağ asitleri olarak bulunmuştur. Her iki mevsimde balık kaslarında doymuş yağ asitleri (SFA), doymamış (MUFA) ve aşırı doymamış yağ asitlerinden (PUFA) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Tavuk balığında, C20:5-ω3 ve C22:6 içeriği toplam yağ asidinde sırasıyla %5.76’dan (sonbahar) %7.33’e (ilkbahar) ve %14.84’den (sonbahar), %25.97’ye (ilkbahar) değişmektedir. Balık dokularındaki yağ asidi bileşimi diyet, boyut, yaş, üreme periyodu, tuzluluk, sıcaklık, mevsim ve coğrafi konumdan etkilenmektedir. M. merluccius yağ asidi bakımından insan tüketimi için değerli bir besin olabilir.

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    Authors: Güner, Ahmet; Doğruer, Yusuf; Diler, Abdullah; Işıklı, Behire Işıl;

    In this investigation, it was carried out to determine the effect of benzoic, sorbic and lactic acide added to pickling solution before smoking on the quality of Eğrez fish (Vimbia vimbia tenella). For this purpose, the fish were kept in four different pickling solutions for 10 h at 4°C. The first contained only 20% NaCI solution (control) and the others contained 20% NaCI with 0.5% benzoic acide, 0.1% sorbic acide and 0.03% lactic acide. The fish were smoked at 30°C for 30 min, 1 h at 50°C and 1 h at 80°C. Afterwards, the fish were vacuum packaged and stored at 4°C for 45 days. The samples were analyzed for chemical, microbiological, and organoleptical properties on days 1st, 7th, 14th, 22th. 30th and 45th during storage. The fish were analyzed for chemical and microbiological propetrties before salting. It was determined that organic acid added to pickling solution before salting caused to decrease in pH values (P<0.001) and in numbers of Staphylococcus-Micrococcus (PcO.OOI). However, a significant increase was observed in TBA values (PcO.OOI) of the samples. Lactic acide application was more effective on total psycrophilic aerobic microorganisms (PcO.OOI), coliform bacteria (PcO.OOI), flavor (PcO.01), texture (PcO.OOI, Pc0.05), and overall acceptability (Pc0.05) than the others. Sorbic acide application caused to decrease in TVB-N levels. Sorbic and lactic acide groups received the highest color No significant effect of benzoic acide application was found on the quality during the storage period. In conclusion, it was determined that use of lactic acide in pickling before smoking has positive effects on the quality and shelf-life of fish than the sorbic and benzoic acide. Araştırma, dumanlama öncesi yapılan tuzlama işleminde, salamuraya benzoik, sorbik ve laktik asit ilavesinin Eğrez balığının (Vimbia vimbia tenella) kalitesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Bu amaçla balıklar, %20 oranında yalnızca tuz içeren salamurada (kontrol) ve %0.5 benzoik asit, %0.1 sorbik asit, %0.03 laktik asit içeren %20'lik salamuralarda 4C'de 10 saat süreyle salamura işlemine tabi tutuldu. Bu işlemi takiben, 30C'de 1/2 saat, 50C ve 80C'de birer saat olmak üzere toplam iki buçuk saat süreyle dumanlandı. Araştırmada kullanılan balıklar işleme alınmadan önce kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri bakımından incelendi. Dumanlama işlemi sonrası balıklar vakumlanarak ambalajlandı. Muhafaza süresinin 1., 7., 14., 22., 30. ve 45. günlerinde kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal analizlere tabi tutuldu. Dumanlama öncesi salamuraya ilave edilen organik asitlerin numunelerin pH değerini (P0.001) ve Staphylococcus-Micrococcus (PcO.OOI) mikroorganizma sayısını önemli düzeyde düşürdüğü, TTBA değerlerini (P0.001) yükselttiği tespit edildi. Laktik asit uygulamasının toplam psikrofilik aerobik (P0.001), koliform bakteriler (PcO.OOI), lezzet (P0.01), tekstür (PcO.OOI, P0.05) ve genel beğeni (P0.05) bakımından diğer asitlere göre daha etkili olduğu belirlendi. Sorbik asit uygulamasının TVB-N değerini düşürdüğü (P0.001), laktik asitle en yüksek renk ve görünüş puanı aldığı tespit edildi. Benzoik asit uygulamasının araştırma süresince önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı saptandı. Sonuç olarak, dumanlama Öncesi yapılan tuzlama işleminde, salamurada laktik asit kullanımının balıkların kalitesi ve raf ömrü üzerinde benzoik ve sorbik aside göre daha iyi etki verdiği tespit edildi.

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    Authors: Şen, Sultan;

    In this study, total fatty acid composition and its seasonal variotion of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus L. which taken from Mersin were investigated by gas chromatographic method. Twelve different fatty acids were determined in the compositions of M. cephalus. Fatty acid compositions were seen between C 14 and C 22. Total percentages of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher than saturated fatty acids in four seasons. Palmitic acid was determined as fatty acid which has the highest percentage for every season. Generally percentages of Ï 6 fatty acids were determined higher than percentages of Ï 3 fatty acids. Bu çalışmada Mersin yöresinden alınan Mugil cephalus L.' un total yağ asidi bileşiminin mevsimsel değişimi gaz kromatografi ile araştırılmıştır. M. cephalus' un bileşiminde 12 farklı yağ asidi belirlenmiştir. Yağ asitleri bileşimlerinin C 14 ile C 22 arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Dört mevsimde de doymamış ve aşırı doymamış yağ asitleri toplam yüzdeleri doymuş yağ asitleri yüzdelerinden daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Her mevsim için palmitik asit en yüksek yüzdeye sahip yağ asidi olarak bulunmuştur. Genel olarak Ï 6 yağ asitleri yüzdeleri, Ï 3 yağ asitleri yüzdelerinden daha yüksek belirlenmiştir.

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    Authors: Koçer, Emine;

    Leukemia is a malignant disease that is characterized by losing the ability to differentiate and uncontrolled proliferation of hemotopoietik cells in the bone marrow. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs with the abnormal uncontrolled and excessive proliferation of lymphoblasts. ALL responsible for approximately 80% of childhood leukemia and approximately 20% of adult leukemia. Chromosomal aberrations play an important role, that is about risk assessment and diagnosis of ALL. Many numerical and structural abnormalities Seen in ALL. Numerical anomalies are in the form of chromosomal in losses and gains. Losses and gains of some chromossomes are more common than the other chromosomes. In this current study we tried to determine of choromosomes numerical changes with choromosome 8,10,11,17,18,X and Y in 30 ALL patients by using technique of FISH . While as a set reviews monozomy, trisomy and tetrasomy of all chromosomes in changes. Chromosomal changes were observed in all patients. Results are as follows: monosomy X in 7 patients (23%), disomy X in all 18 male patiens (100%), trisomy X in 16 patients (60%), tetrasomy X in 4 patients (13%), loss of Y in 8 patients (44%), disomy Y in 15 patients (83%), monosomy 8 in 21 patients (70%), trisomy 8 in 27 patients (90%), tetrasomy 8 in 7 patients (23%), monosomy 10 in 15 patients (50%), trisomy 10 in 9 patients (30%), monosomy 11 in 16 patients (53%), trisomy 11 in 2 patients (6,6%), monosomy 17 in 18 patient (60%), trisomy 17 in 8 patients (26,6%), and monosomy 18 in 10 patients (33%) was seen. It is thought that in wider population, works made with clinic are important for the choice of treatment suitable for the sick people. Lösemi kemik iliğinde hemotopoietik hücrelerin farklılaşma yeteneklerini kaybederek kontrolsüz çoğalması ile karakterize malign bir hastalıktır. Akut lenfoblastik lösemi (ALL) lenfoblastların anormal bir şekilde kontrolsüz ve aşırı çoğalmasıylaoluşur. ALL çocukluk dönemi lösemilerinin yaklaşık %80'inden, erişkin lösemilerinin yaklaşık %20'sinden sorumludur. Kromozomal anomaliler ALL'nin tanısı ve risk değerlendirilmesinde önemli rol oynar. ALL de sayısal ve yapısal birçok anomali görülür. Sayısal anomaliler kromozom kayıp ve kazanımları şeklindedir. Bazı kromozomların kayıp ve kazanımları diğer kromozomlara göre daha yaygındır. Mevcut çalışmada 30 ALL hastasında kromozom 8, 10, 11, 17, 18, X ve Y, kromozomlarındaki sayısal değişimleri FISH tekniğini kullanarak belirlemeye çalıştık. Değerlendirme yapılırken tüm kromozomlar için değişiklikler monozomi, trizomi, tetrazomi olarak belirlendi. Hastaların tamamında kromozomal değişikliklere rastlandı. bu değişiklikler; 7 hastada Monozomi X (%23), 18 erkek hastanın hepsinde dizomi X (%100), 16 hastada trizomi X( %60), 4 hastada tetrazomi X (%13), 8 hastada Y kaybı(%44), 15 hastada dizomi Y(%83), 21 hastada monozomi 8(%70), 27 hastada trizomi 8(%90), 7 hastada tetrazomi 8(%23), 15 hastada monozomi 10(%50), 9 hastada trizomi 10(%30), 16 hastada monozomi 11(%53), 2 hastada trizomi 11(%6,6), 18 hastada monozomi 17(%60), 8 hastada trizomi 17(%26,6) ve 10 hastada monozomi 18(%33) olarak belirlendi. Daha geniş populasyonlarda, klinik ile birlikte yapılan çalışmaların hastalarda uygun tedavi seçiminde önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

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    Authors: Şen, Ali;

    Aim: In this study, it was aimed to investigate the changes in fatty acid composition of sea bass fish grown in different environments (wild-freshwater environment, wild-marine environment, culture) as a result of applying three different cooking methods (deep fat frying, grilling, baking). Materials and Methods: 3 different cooking methods (deep fat frying, grilling, baking) were applied to sea bass fish grown in different environments (wild freshwater environment, wild marine environment, culture). 4 different groups were formed, including raw fish samples. The procedures applied in this research were carried out in triplicate. After the fish were washed and cleaned, they were made into fillets. Samples are adjusted to a minimum of 500 g. Fatty acid composition analysis was performed using the COI / T.20 / Doc.no.17 gas chromatographic method and GC-FID device. Results: The % fatty acids values obtained as a result of the analysis were determined as follows in the "freshwater, marine, culture" sea bass fish and in the "raw, deep fat frying, grilling, baking" co-oking groups, respectively. Omega-3; (14.78; 9.19; 13.60; 9.89), (16.41; 9.35; 15.66; 10.34), (11.76; 9.73; 11.23; 9 ,41), omega-6; (18.52; 46.58, 12.36; 29.83), (22.53; 30.49; 12.86; 29.81), (18.19; 30.18; 18.30; 30 .34), saturated fat; (0.47; 0.51; 0.80; 0.38), (0.50; 0.58; 0.77; 0.50), (1.68; 1.21; 1.18; 2 .03), monounsaturated fat; (0.93; 1.29; 0.62; 0.97), (0.79; 1.35; 0.60; 1.16), (3.22; 2.73; 2.32; 4 .59), polyunsaturated fat; (0.70; 2.33; 0.51; 0.99), (0.93; 1.41; 0.56; 1.23), (2.45; 2.91; 1.72; 4 .83), ALA; (0.33; 1.31; 0.25; 0.63), (0.38; 0.27; 0.24; 0.57), (0.42; 0.42; 0.35; 0 ,28), EPA; (0.02; 0.01; 0.23; 0.02), (0.03; 0.01; 0.25; 0.03), (0.01; 0.01; 0.02; 0 .01), DHA; (5.72; 4.91; 10.64; 4.80), (8.26; 4.68; 12.36; 5.28), (5.47; 4.70; 5.18; 4 ,66). Conclusion: According to all fish groups and cooking methods, grilled wild sea bass is the most suitable in terms of omega-3. Freshwater sea bass cooked in deep fat fried is more suitable in terms of omega-6, baked cultured sea bass is more suitable in terms of mono and polyunsaturated fats, grilled wild marine sea bass is more suitable in terms of EPA and DHA. For deep fat frying methods is generally cultured fish more suitable, wild freshwater and marine fish are more suitable for oven cooking for diets low in saturated fat. When raw and cooked fish groups are compared, cooking processes have a significant effect on the approximate fatty acid composition of fish. Amaç: Bu araştırmada farklı ortamlarda yetişmiş (tatlı su, deniz, kültür) levrek balıklarının üç farklı pişirme yöntemi (derin yağda kızartma, ızgarada, fırında) uygulanması sonucu yağ asitleri kompozisyonunda oluşan değişimlerin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Farklı ortamlarda yetişen (tatlı su, deniz, kültür)levrek balıklarına 3 farklı pişirme yöntemi (yağda, ızgarada, fırında) uygulanmıştır. Çiğ balık numuneleri dahil 4 farklı grup oluşturulmuş, uygulanan işlemler 3 tekrar olarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Balıklar yıkanıp temizlendikten sonra fileto haline getirilmiş en az 500 gr olacak şekilde hazırlanmıştır. Yağ asitleri kompozisyon analizi COI/T.20/Doc.no.17 gaz kromatografik yöntem ve GC-FID cihazı kullanılarak yapılmıştır. Bulgular: Analiz sonucunda elde edilen % yağ asitleri değerleri sırasıyla “tatlı su, deniz, kültür” levrek balıklarında ve sırasıyla “çiğ, derin yağda, ızgarada, fırında” pişirme gruplarında, omega-3; (14,78; 9,19; 13,60; 9,89), (16,41; 9,35; 15,66; 10,34), (11,76; 9,73; 11,23; 9,41), omega-6; (18,52; 46,58, 12,36; 29,83), (22,53; 30,49; 12,86; 29,81), (18,19; 30,18; 18,30; 30,34), doymuş yağ; (0,47; 0,51; 0,80; 0,38), (0,50; 0,58; 0,77; 0,50), (1,68; 1,21; 1,18; 2,03), tekli doymamış yağ; (0,93; 1,29; 0,62; 0,97), (0,79; 1,35; 0,60; 1,16), (3,22; 2,73; 2,32; 4,59), çoklu doymamış yağ; (0,70; 2,33; 0,51; 0,99), (0,93; 1,41; 0,56; 1,23), (2,45; 2,91; 1,72; 4,83), ALA; (0,33; 1,31; 0,25; 0,63), (0,38; 0,27; 0,24; 0,57), (0,42; 0,42; 0,35; 0,28), EPA; (0,02; 0,01; 0,23; 0,02), (0,03; 0,01; 0,25; 0,03), (0,01; 0,01; 0,02; 0,01), DHA; (5,72; 4,91; 10,64; 4,80), (8,26; 4,68; 12,36; 5,28), (5,47; 4,70; 5,18; 4,66) olarak tespit edilmiştir Öneri: Bütün balık grupları ve pişirme yöntemlerine göre omega-3 yönünden en uygun ızgarada pişirilmiş deniz levrekleridir. Yağda pişirilmiş tatlı su levrekleri omega-6, fırında pişirilmiş kültür levrekleri tekli ve çoklu doymamış yağlar, ızgarada pişirilmiş deniz levrekleri EPA ve DHA yönünden daha uygundur. Yağda pişirme yöntemine genel olarak kültür balıkları daha uygunken, doymuş yağ içeriği düşük diyetler için doğal tatlı su ve deniz balıkları fırında pişirme yöntemine daha uygundur. Çiğ ve pişmiş balık grupları kıyaslandığında pişirme işlemleri balıketinin yaklaşık yağ asidi bileşimleri üzerinde önemli bir etkiye sahiptir.

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    Authors: Yılmaz, Muhittin; Türköz, Yusuf; Erdemli, A. Ümit; Kalkan, Ercan; +1 Authors

    Bu ara~IIfITla haziran ile ekim 1997 tarihleri arasmda gergekle~tirildi. Ar~t,"Tlada, y,*lan ve cinsiyetleri aynl alan 92 adet Capoeta caposts umbJa ve 86 adet Capoet8 tlUtta kullanllch. SOz konusu ballklann metrik ve meristik de· gerierine gOre klasik olarak tur ve all lOr tespili yaplldl. C. IlUtta ve C. capoela umbla'iann kan serum proteinlerinin SOS·Poliakriiamid Jel Elektroforez (SOS·PAGE) yOntemi ile incelenerek yapllan fUr ve alt tOr 9all~maslnda , C. tlUtt{ J'd8 16, C. capoeta umbla'da ise 11 protein bandl tespit edildi. C. trutta'nln eleklroforegrammda diger lOre gOre 8 farkl1 protein band! gOzlendi. Bunun yanl sira 8 aOOt protein bandl bu iki ballk arasmda benzerlik gOsterdi. SOS-PAGE lie elde edilen verilere gOre, C. tlUtta va C. capoeta umbla arasmda eleklroforegamda olu$an protein banllan baklmmdan %50'lik farkllllk tasp!1 edilmi~ ve bunun laksOrlOmik ayldan Onemfi ofdugu sonucuna vanlml~tlr. In Ihis study, an electrophoretic comparison 01 serum blood proteins of two species 01 fish, Cspoeta trulla and Capoels capoeta umbls, were carried out. Study was carried between june and october in 1997. Using the Ran· dom Sampling Method, 92 C. capos's umbla and 86 C. trutta which the same age and sex were used. The iden· dification of species and subspecies were done though their metric and meristic characteristics. While 16 band pat· tern was observed in C. trutta, the number 01 protein bands for C. capoeta umbla was 11 . From the electrophorelic mobility 8 bands of species gave similar pattern, but the rest was seen to be different. As a result, we concluded that, there is a %50 similarity between C. trulta and C. capoeta umbla based on their serum blood proteins.

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    Authors: Günhan, Rabia Serpil;

    Bu çalışmada, Konya ve çevresinde tüketime sunulan balıklarda civa ve kadmiyum metallerinin düzeyleri belirlenerek, elde edilen bulgulara göre, durum insan sağlığı açısından değerlendirildi. Satış noktalarından 3 farklı tür balık; istavrit, uskumru, sardalya olmak üzere her türden 21 adet olup toplam 63 adet numune temin edildi. Balıkların boy ve ağırlıkları ölçüldü. Numunelerin yenilebilir et kısmında metal düzeyleri Perkin Elmer Optima DV 2000 model ICP-OES cihazıyla belirlendi. Araştırmada numunelerin ortalama, en düşük ve en yüksek civa ve kadmiyum düzeyleri sırasıyla, İstavritte; civa 98.11, 83.45 ve 122.20 ng/g, kadmiyum 0.041, 0.017 ve 0.087 ng/g, sardalyada; civa 99.76, 82.34 ve 1 18.12 ng/g, kadmiyum 0.094, 0.065 ve 0.129 ug/g ve uskumruda ise civa 106.60, 85.26 ve 138.20 ng/g, kadmiyum 0.062, 0.042 ve 0.091 ug/g tespit edildi. Balıkların bazı türlerinde boy ve ağırlıkları ile metal seviyeleri arasında ilişki bulundu. Uskumruda boy ve ağırlık arttıkça civa birikimi önemli düzeyde artığı gözlendi. Sardalyada boy arttıkça civa düzeyinde önemli seviyede artış görüldü. Araştırma sonucunda Konya ve çevresinde tüketime sunulan istavrit, sardalya ve uskumru balıklarındaki civa ve kadmiyum değerlerinin halk sağlığı açısından herhangi bir salanca yaratmayacak düzeylerde olduğu kanısına varılmıştır. In this study, cadmium and mercury levels of fish in Konya were determined and the results were evaluated for human health. In this experiment, three different fish ; Trachurus trachurus, Scomber scombrus and Sordino pilchardus were obtained from markets, totally 63 samples (21 samples of each species) were used. Total size and weight of the samples were measured. The metal level in the edible muscle parts of the samples were measured by Perkin Elmer Optima DV 2000 model ICP-OES. The mean, minumum and maximum concentrations of mercury and cadmium in examined fish species were found as mercury 98.11, 83.45 and 122.20 ng/g, cadmium 0.041, 0.017 and 0.087 ng/g in Trachurus trachurus; mercury 99.76, 82.34 and 118.12 ng/g, cadmium 0.094, 0.065 and 0.129 ug/g in Sordino pilchardus; mercury 106.60, 85.26 and 138.20 ng/g, cadmium 0.062, 0.042 and 0.091 ng/g in Scomber scombrus, respectively. The positive corelation was found between the length - weight and the metal levels in some species. Size (either length or weight) of Scomber scombrus was positively correlated with mercury bioaccumulation. Mercury level increased with increasing the length of Sordino pilchardus. It is concluded that mercury and cadmium levels of fish samples consumed in Konya were not harmful for human health.

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    Authors: Yıldırım, İkbal;

    In this study, total fatty acid composition and its seasonal variation of sea bream, Sparus aurata L. which taken from Mersin were investigated by gas chromatographic method. Twelve different fatty acids were determined in the compositions of S. aurata. Fatty acid compositions were seen between C 14 and C 22. Total percentages of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher than saturated fatty acids in four seasons. Oleic acid was determined as fatty acid which has the highest percentage for every season. Generally percentages of Ï -3 fatty acids were determined higher than percentages of Ï -6 fatty acids. Bu çalışmada Mersin yöresinden alınan çipura balığı, Sparus aurata L.' ın total yağ asidi bileşiminin mevsimsel değişimi gaz kromatografi ile araştırılmıştır. S. aurata'ın bileşiminde 12 farklı yağ asidi belirlenmiştir. Yağ asitleri bileşimlerinin C 14 ile C 22 arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Dört mevsimde de doymamış ve aşırı doymamış yağ asitleri toplam yüzdeleri, doymuş yağ asitleri yüzdelerinden daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Her mevsim için oleik asit en yüksek yüzdeye sahip yağ asidi olarak bulunmuştur. Genel olarak Ï -3 yağ asitleri yüzdeleri, Ï -6 yağ asitleri yüzdelerinden daha yüksek belirlenmiştir.

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    Authors: Ağca, İhsan;

    In this study, the existence of organochlorine pesticide residues have been investigated in fish species sold in Konya markets, Turkey. Investigated residues of organochlorine pesticides are 14 pieces. Except endosulfans, the usage of these had been restricted many years ago in many countries including our country because of their persistency. In all 18 examinated fish species (trout, red mullet, bluefish, gilt-head bream, sea bass, horse mackerel, goby, grey mullet, gurnard, greater amberjack, common sea bream, whiting, bonito, pilchard, native mackerel, import mackerel, pike perch and garfish), the presence of residues of organochlorine pesticides is determined. All 14 organochlorine pesticide residues were detected in all fish species except trout, horse mackerel and bonito. In these residues of organochlorine pesticides, in turn, it is detected amount of pesticides mostly in native mackerel, import mackerel, gilt-head bream, sea bream and in horse mackerel. In investigated 14 organochlorine pesticides, it was determined that aldrin in bonito; dieldrin, endrin, α-endosulfan, p-p'-DDT with p-p'-DDE in horse mackerel; heptachlor in native mackerel; heptachlor epoxide, α-HCH with γ-HCH in import mackerel; β-endosulfan in garfish; β-HCH with δ-HCH in common sea bream and p-p'-DDD in bluefish have maximum residue levels. But, despite of this maximum residue limit levels, it was showed that the amount of residues in organochlorine pesticides in all investigated fish species was under the MRL of WHO/FAO. Bu çalışmada, Konya (Türkiye) marketlerinde satılan balık türlerindeki organoklorlu pestisit kalıntılarının varlığı araştırılmıştır. Kalıntıları araştırılan organoklorlu pestisitler, 14 tane olup bunlardan endosülfan dışındakilerin kullanımı, kalıcılıkları nedeniyle ülkemiz dâhil bir çok ülkede yıllar önce yasaklanmıştır. İncelenen 18 balık türünün hepsinde (alabalık, barbunya, çinekop, çipura, deniz levreği, istavrit, kaya, kefal, kırlangıç, kuzu, mercan, mezgit, palamut, sardalya, ithal uskumru, yerli uskumru, uzun levrek ve zargana) de organoklorlu pestisit kalıntılarının varlığı tespit edilmiştir. 14 organoklorlu pestisit kalıntısı alabalık, istavrit ve palamut dışında incelenen bütün balık türlerinde bulunmuştur. Kalıntı miktarlarının araştırıldığı bu balık türlerinde en fazla pestisit miktarına; sırasıyla uskumru yerli, uskumru ithal, çipura, mercan ve istavrit'te rastlanmıştır. Araştırılan 14 organoklorlu pestisitten aldrinin -i- palamut'ta; dieldrin, endrin, α-Endosülfan, p-p'-DDT ile p-p'-DDE'nin istavrit'te; heptaklor'un yerli uskumru'da; heptaklor epoksit, α-HCH ile γ-HCH'nin ithal uskumru'da; β-Endosülfan'ın zargana'da; β-HCH ile δ-HCH'nin mercan'da ve p-p'-DDD'nin ise çinekop'ta en yüksek kalıntı limit değerine sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Fakat bulunan bu en yüksek kalıntı limit değerlerine rağmen, incelenen tüm balık türlerindeki organik klorlu pestisit kalıntı miktarlarının, WHO/FAO'nun maksimum residüel limitlerinin altında olduğu görülmüştür.

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    Authors: Eroğlu, Feyza Tuba;

    Akciğer kanseri dünya çapında kanserden ölümler arasında başlıca ölüm sebebidir. Erken tanısı hastanın yaşam süresini uzatan bir faktördür. Bununla birlikte tanı konulan hastaların ancak küçük bir kısmı klinik olarak evre I'de tanı almaktadır. Hastalığın başlangıç süreci oldukça yavaştır dolayısıyla bu süreçte tanı koymak için yeni stratejiler geliştirmek gereklidir. Bronkoskopi, klinik ve radyolojik olarak akciğer karsinomundan şüphelenilen hastalarda sitolojik veya histopatolojik kesin tanının konulmasında kullanılan tanı koydurucu bir yöntemdir. Bronkoskopi, akciğer kanserinde büyük oranda gerçek tanıya ulaşılmasını sağlar. Floresan in situ hibridizasyon (FISH), floresan boyalarla işaretlenmiş DNA probları ile mikroskobik olarak interfaz hücrelerinde kromozom anomalilerini tespit etmek amacıyla kullanılan bir tekniktir. Kanser hücreleri normal hücrelere göre çok sayıda yapısal ve sayısal kromozomal anomali içermektedir. FISH kanser tanısıyla uyumlu kromozomal anomalileri saptamak için kullanılmaktadır . Çalışmamızda, bronkoskopik yolla elde edilen dokulardan hazırladığımız preparatlara FISH yöntemi uygulayarak EGFR, HER2 ve c-Met onkogenlerinde meydana gelen gen kopya sayı artışlarının akciğer kanseri ile ilişkisi araştırılmıştır. EGFR genine ait amplifikasyon yüzdesi %11, HER2 genine ait amplifikasyon yüzdesi %16, c-Met geni için amplifikasyon yüzdesi ise %35 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuçlar literatürle uyumlu olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Lung cancer is the primary death cause among the cancer patients in the world. Early diagnosis of lung cancer, is a factor in extending the patients life. However, only a small part of patients are diagnosed in stage (I) clinically. Early stage of lung cancer is relatively slow, so for period it is necessary to develop new strategies for diagnosis. Bronchoscopy is the diagnostic method used in definite cytological or histopathological diagnosis of patients with clinically and radiologically suspected lung carcinoma. Bronchoscopy helps to reach the true diagnosis in lung cancer. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a method, used to identify chromosomal abnormalities in interphase cells by DNA probes labeled with fluorescent dyes. When compared with normal cells, cancer cells contain a number of structural and numerical chromosomal abnormalities. FISH method is used to detect chromosomal abnormalities compatible with a diagnosis of cancer. In our study, we applied FISH technique on prepared tissue slides obtained from bronchoscopically way to detect EGFR, Her2 and c-Met gene copy numbers and their relationship with lung cancer. It was determined that the EGFR gene amplification percentage was 11%, Her2 16% and c-met 35%. These results were in accordance with the literature.

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    Authors: Kalyoncu, Leyla;

    In this study, total fatty acid composition of Merluccius merluccius from Marmara Sea, in autumn and spring was investigated by gas chromatographic method. Palmitic acid (C16:0), stearic acid (C18:0), oleic acid (C18:1) and docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6), were identified as the major fatty acid constituents. Saturated fatty acids (SFAs) were found to be higher than polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) in the fish muscle in both seasons. The contents of C20:5-ω3 and C22:6 in total fatty acid in the European hake ranged from 5.76% (autumn) to 7.33 % (spring) and from 14.84% (autumn) to 25.97% (spring), respectively. Total fatty acid compositions of fish tissues can be affected by diet, size, age, reproductive cycle, salinity, temperature, season and geographical location. M. merluccius may be a valuable food for human consumption in terms of fatty acids. Bu çalışmada sonbahar ve ilkbaharda Marmara Denizi’nden alınan Merluccius merluccius L. total yağ asit kompozisyonu gaz kromatografik yöntemle araştırılmıştır. Palmitik asit (C16:0), stearik asit (C18:0), oleik asit (C18:1) ve dokosaheksaenoik asit (C22:6) majör yağ asitleri olarak bulunmuştur. Her iki mevsimde balık kaslarında doymuş yağ asitleri (SFA), doymamış (MUFA) ve aşırı doymamış yağ asitlerinden (PUFA) daha yüksek bulunmuştur. Tavuk balığında, C20:5-ω3 ve C22:6 içeriği toplam yağ asidinde sırasıyla %5.76’dan (sonbahar) %7.33’e (ilkbahar) ve %14.84’den (sonbahar), %25.97’ye (ilkbahar) değişmektedir. Balık dokularındaki yağ asidi bileşimi diyet, boyut, yaş, üreme periyodu, tuzluluk, sıcaklık, mevsim ve coğrafi konumdan etkilenmektedir. M. merluccius yağ asidi bakımından insan tüketimi için değerli bir besin olabilir.

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    Authors: Güner, Ahmet; Doğruer, Yusuf; Diler, Abdullah; Işıklı, Behire Işıl;

    In this investigation, it was carried out to determine the effect of benzoic, sorbic and lactic acide added to pickling solution before smoking on the quality of Eğrez fish (Vimbia vimbia tenella). For this purpose, the fish were kept in four different pickling solutions for 10 h at 4°C. The first contained only 20% NaCI solution (control) and the others contained 20% NaCI with 0.5% benzoic acide, 0.1% sorbic acide and 0.03% lactic acide. The fish were smoked at 30°C for 30 min, 1 h at 50°C and 1 h at 80°C. Afterwards, the fish were vacuum packaged and stored at 4°C for 45 days. The samples were analyzed for chemical, microbiological, and organoleptical properties on days 1st, 7th, 14th, 22th. 30th and 45th during storage. The fish were analyzed for chemical and microbiological propetrties before salting. It was determined that organic acid added to pickling solution before salting caused to decrease in pH values (P<0.001) and in numbers of Staphylococcus-Micrococcus (PcO.OOI). However, a significant increase was observed in TBA values (PcO.OOI) of the samples. Lactic acide application was more effective on total psycrophilic aerobic microorganisms (PcO.OOI), coliform bacteria (PcO.OOI), flavor (PcO.01), texture (PcO.OOI, Pc0.05), and overall acceptability (Pc0.05) than the others. Sorbic acide application caused to decrease in TVB-N levels. Sorbic and lactic acide groups received the highest color No significant effect of benzoic acide application was found on the quality during the storage period. In conclusion, it was determined that use of lactic acide in pickling before smoking has positive effects on the quality and shelf-life of fish than the sorbic and benzoic acide. Araştırma, dumanlama öncesi yapılan tuzlama işleminde, salamuraya benzoik, sorbik ve laktik asit ilavesinin Eğrez balığının (Vimbia vimbia tenella) kalitesine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapıldı. Bu amaçla balıklar, %20 oranında yalnızca tuz içeren salamurada (kontrol) ve %0.5 benzoik asit, %0.1 sorbik asit, %0.03 laktik asit içeren %20'lik salamuralarda 4C'de 10 saat süreyle salamura işlemine tabi tutuldu. Bu işlemi takiben, 30C'de 1/2 saat, 50C ve 80C'de birer saat olmak üzere toplam iki buçuk saat süreyle dumanlandı. Araştırmada kullanılan balıklar işleme alınmadan önce kimyasal ve mikrobiyolojik özellikleri bakımından incelendi. Dumanlama işlemi sonrası balıklar vakumlanarak ambalajlandı. Muhafaza süresinin 1., 7., 14., 22., 30. ve 45. günlerinde kimyasal, mikrobiyolojik ve duyusal analizlere tabi tutuldu. Dumanlama öncesi salamuraya ilave edilen organik asitlerin numunelerin pH değerini (P0.001) ve Staphylococcus-Micrococcus (PcO.OOI) mikroorganizma sayısını önemli düzeyde düşürdüğü, TTBA değerlerini (P0.001) yükselttiği tespit edildi. Laktik asit uygulamasının toplam psikrofilik aerobik (P0.001), koliform bakteriler (PcO.OOI), lezzet (P0.01), tekstür (PcO.OOI, P0.05) ve genel beğeni (P0.05) bakımından diğer asitlere göre daha etkili olduğu belirlendi. Sorbik asit uygulamasının TVB-N değerini düşürdüğü (P0.001), laktik asitle en yüksek renk ve görünüş puanı aldığı tespit edildi. Benzoik asit uygulamasının araştırma süresince önemli bir etkisinin olmadığı saptandı. Sonuç olarak, dumanlama Öncesi yapılan tuzlama işleminde, salamurada laktik asit kullanımının balıkların kalitesi ve raf ömrü üzerinde benzoik ve sorbik aside göre daha iyi etki verdiği tespit edildi.

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    Authors: Şen, Sultan;

    In this study, total fatty acid composition and its seasonal variotion of striped mullet, Mugil cephalus L. which taken from Mersin were investigated by gas chromatographic method. Twelve different fatty acids were determined in the compositions of M. cephalus. Fatty acid compositions were seen between C 14 and C 22. Total percentages of unsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids were higher than saturated fatty acids in four seasons. Palmitic acid was determined as fatty acid which has the highest percentage for every season. Generally percentages of Ï 6 fatty acids were determined higher than percentages of Ï 3 fatty acids. Bu çalışmada Mersin yöresinden alınan Mugil cephalus L.' un total yağ asidi bileşiminin mevsimsel değişimi gaz kromatografi ile araştırılmıştır. M. cephalus' un bileşiminde 12 farklı yağ asidi belirlenmiştir. Yağ asitleri bileşimlerinin C 14 ile C 22 arasında olduğu görülmüştür. Dört mevsimde de doymamış ve aşırı doymamış yağ asitleri toplam yüzdeleri doymuş yağ asitleri yüzdelerinden daha yüksek oranda bulunmuştur. Her mevsim için palmitik asit en yüksek yüzdeye sahip yağ asidi olarak bulunmuştur. Genel olarak Ï 6 yağ asitleri yüzdeleri, Ï 3 yağ asitleri yüzdelerinden daha yüksek belirlenmiştir.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Selcuk University In...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Selcuk University In...arrow_drop_down
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    Authors: Koçer, Emine;

    Leukemia is a malignant disease that is characterized by losing the ability to differentiate and uncontrolled proliferation of hemotopoietik cells in the bone marrow. Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) occurs with the abnormal uncontrolled and excessive proliferation of lymphoblasts. ALL responsible for approximately 80% of childhood leukemia and approximately 20% of adult leukemia. Chromosomal aberrations play an important role, that is about risk assessment and diagnosis of ALL. Many numerical and structural abnormalities Seen in ALL. Numerical anomalies are in the form of chromosomal in losses and gains. Losses and gains of some chromossomes are more common than the other chromosomes. In this current study we tried to determine of choromosomes numerical changes with choromosome 8,10,11,17,18,X and Y in 30 ALL patients by using technique of FISH . While as a set reviews monozomy, trisomy and tetrasomy of all chromosomes in changes. Chromosomal changes were observed in all patients. Results are as follows: monosomy X in 7 patients (23%), disomy X in all 18 male patiens (100%), trisomy X in 16 patients (60%), tetrasomy X in 4 patients (13%), loss of Y in 8 patients (44%), disomy Y in 15 patients (83%), monosomy 8 in 21 patients (70%), trisomy 8 in 27 patients (90%), tetrasomy 8 in 7 patients (23%), monosomy 10 in 15 patients (50%), trisomy 10 in 9 patients (30%), monosomy 11 in 16 patients (53%), trisomy 11 in 2 patients (6,6%), monosomy 17 in 18 patient (60%), trisomy 17 in 8 patients (26,6%), and monosomy 18 in 10 patients (33%) was seen. It is thought that in wider population, works made with clinic are important for the choice of treatment suitable for the sick people. Lösemi kemik iliğinde hemotopoietik hücrelerin farklılaşma yeteneklerini kaybederek kontrolsüz çoğalması ile karakterize malign bir hastalıktır. Akut lenfoblastik lösemi (ALL) lenfoblastların anormal bir şekilde kontrolsüz ve aşırı çoğalmasıylaoluşur. ALL çocukluk dönemi lösemilerinin yaklaşık %80'inden, erişkin lösemilerinin yaklaşık %20'sinden sorumludur. Kromozomal anomaliler ALL'nin tanısı ve risk değerlendirilmesinde önemli rol oynar. ALL de sayısal ve yapısal birçok anomali görülür. Sayısal anomaliler kromozom kayıp ve kazanımları şeklindedir. Bazı kromozomların kayıp ve kazanımları diğer kromozomlara göre daha yaygındır. Mevcut çalışmada 30 ALL hastasında kromozom 8, 10, 11, 17, 18, X ve Y, kromozomlarındaki sayısal değişimleri FISH tekniğini kullanarak belirlemeye çalıştık. Değerlendirme yapılırken tüm kromozomlar için değişiklikler monozomi, trizomi, tetrazomi olarak belirlendi. Hastaların tamamında kromozomal değişikliklere rastlandı. bu değişiklikler; 7 hastada Monozomi X (%23), 18 erkek hastanın hepsinde dizomi X (%100), 16 hastada trizomi X( %60), 4 hastada tetrazomi X (%13), 8 hastada Y kaybı(%44), 15 hastada dizomi Y(%83), 21 hastada monozomi 8(%70), 27 hastada trizomi 8(%90), 7 hastada tetrazomi 8(%23), 15 hastada monozomi 10(%50), 9 hastada trizomi 10(%30), 16 hastada monozomi 11(%53), 2 hastada trizomi 11(%6,6), 18 hastada monozomi 17(%60), 8 hastada trizomi 17(%26,6) ve 10 hastada monozomi 18(%33) olarak belirlendi. Daha geniş populasyonlarda, klinik ile birlikte yapılan çalışmaların hastalarda uygun tedavi seçiminde önemli olduğu düşünülmektedir.

    image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Selcuk University In...arrow_drop_down
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      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/ Selcuk University In...arrow_drop_down
      image/svg+xml art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos Open Access logo, converted into svg, designed by PLoS. This version with transparent background. http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Open_Access_logo_PLoS_white.svg art designer at PLoS, modified by Wikipedia users Nina, Beao, JakobVoss, and AnonMoos http://www.plos.org/