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Data was collected in a project investigating the importance of prokaryotic maintenance respiration in the marine environment. Prokaryotic respiration, growth and abundance was measured at multiple stations encompassing three sites along the Baltic Sea gradient and North Sea. Salinity covered 3 to 30. Temperature, total dissolved phosphorus and nitrogen were also measured. Measurements were done during the late summer in August and September 2017. Data from the northern most site was collected 2015 with the same methods. Duplicate Niskin bottle samples were taken from discrete depths in surface waters covering up to 70 m depth depending on site. Prokaryotic respiration was measured in 1.2 µm pre-filtered samples using oxygen optode. Prokaryotic growth was measured by the tritiated thymidine incorporation technique in pre-filtered samples. Prokaryotic abundance was measured by acridine orange stain and direct epi-fluorescence microscopy applying image analysis. Cell-specific respiration and growth rates were calculated for evaluating influence of prokaryotic maintenance respiration. The prokaryotic growth efficiency was also estimated. Results are reported in a scientific article in Frontiers in marine Science (doi:10.3389/fmars.2023.1070070).

To obtain the foraminifera count data sediment (stained with Rose Bengal, a solution which causes living tissue to appear pink) was washed through a 63 µm sieve and then picked using a standard stereo-microscope. Only living individuals (indicated by pink stain) were included in the data set.

To investigate the potential effects of increasing CO2 on otolith calcification of 9-day old pre-flexion stage yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), an experiment was conducted at the Inter-American Tropical Tuna Commission's Achotines Laboratory in Panama during 2011. Fertilized eggs and larvae were exposed to mean pCO2 levels that ranged from present day (355 μatm) to two levels predicted to occur in some areas of the Pacific in the near future (2013 and 3321 μatm), and to an extreme value equivalent to long-term projections for 300 years in the future (9624 μatm). In order to allow full comparability with other ocean acidification data sets, the R package seacarb (Gattuso et al, 2022) was used to compute a complete and consistent set of carbonate system variables, as described by Nisumaa et al. (2010). In this dataset the original values were archived in addition with the recalculated parameters (see related PI). The date of carbonate chemistry calculation by seacarb is 2023-12-18.

We provide data from experiments with artificial rain over a 5100-liter basin with a retractable roof, where temperature and conductivity (to calculate salinity) were measured at different depths in the upper sea surface, as well as rain properties (intensity, rain temperature, droplet size and velocity). Three different nozzle types were used to investigate the impacts of droplet properties on temperature and salinity anomalies at the sea surface. To measure droplet sizes and velocities, we made calibration measurements with an optical laser disdrometer before the actual experiments. In the first experiments, we excluded external influences such as wind-driven mixing to show on a very small vertical and horizontal scale how very different rainfall intensities and properties such as droplet sizes and velocities affect sea surface temperature and salinity. In a second series of experiments, we used different stages of a flow pump to add turbulence to the basin and find out how quickly the rain water mixes with the seawater at the near-surface layer. The duration of the artificial rain was 15 minutes for all experiments. We used an acoustic doppler velocimeter (ADV) to calculate turbulent kinetic energy at two different depths (14 and 44 cm) within the basin. Additional samples from the sea surface microlayer (SML) were collected before and after the artificial rain in both experiments. Data from the second experiment: again with three different nozzle types and rain intensities, but this time we added turbulence in the tank with a large flow pump at three different levels (0 %, 0.5 %, and 1 %). Temperature and conductivity (for later calculation of salinity) were measured at different depths.Location of the mesocosm experiment: Sea-SurFace Facility (SURF), Institute of Chemistry and Biology of the marine Environment, Schleusenstraße 1, 26382 Wilhelmshaven, Coordinates: 53.5148, 8.1463

Data on OECT performance and impedance measurements. WYZ-400 is p(C-T), WYZ-393 is p(C-g2T), WYZ-401 is p(N-T), and WYZ-412 is p(C-2T). THIS DATASET IS ARCHIVED AT DANS/EASY, BUT NOT ACCESSIBLE HERE. TO VIEW A LIST OF FILES AND ACCESS THE FILES IN THIS DATASET CLICK ON THE DOI-LINK ABOVE

#9 stands for not detected#0 stands for not quantified

GPS track of the Sea Surface Scanner (S³) for day 1 of the sampling campaign. The table includes coordinates, date, and time of the S³ track.

The hydrologic environmental parameters were collected using a CTD (Sea-Bird SBE 911; for depth, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, pressure, oxygen, temperature and fluorescence). The environmental variable units are as follows: salinity (PSU), conductivity (S/m), turbidity (NTU), pressure (dbar), oxygen (ml/l), temperature (°C), fluorescence (arbitrary units).

This bibliography unites the individual data collected by different types of autonomous platforms deployed during MOSAiC in 2019/2020.