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Ecological intensification is a new concept in agriculture that addresses the double challenge of maintaining a level of production sufficient to support needs of human populations and respecting the environment in order to conserve the natural world and human quality of life. This article adapts this concept to fish farming using agroecological principles and the ecosystem services framework. The method was developed from the study of published literature and applications at four study sites chosen for their differences in production intensity: polyculture ponds in France, integrated pig and pond polyculture in Brazil, the culture of striped catfish in Indonesia and a recirculating salmon aquaculture system in France. The study of stakeholders' perceptions of ecosystem services combined with environmental assessment through Life Cycle Assessment and Emergy accounting allowed development of an assessment tool that was used as a basis for co-building evolution scenarios. From this experience, ecological intensifica-tion of aquaculture was defined as the use of ecological processes and functions to increase productivity, strengthen ecosystem services and decrease disservices. It is based on aquaecosystem and biodiversity management and the use of local and traditional knowledge. Expected consequences for farming systems consist of greater autonomy, efficiency and better integration into their surrounding territories. Ecological intensification requires territorial governance and helps improve it from a sustainable development perspective. International audience

International audience; Millions of people’s livelihoods rely on artisanal fisheries. However, in many regions fishers are increasingly facing ciguatera poisoning, a seafood-borne illness. The toxin, produced by benthic dinoflagellates, can spread through marine food webs and to humans by direct consumption. Ciguatera risk can play a major role in fisher’s activities but has never been considered in any marine spatial plans thus far. To fill this gap, we examined if integrating ciguatera in systematic conservation plans could affect these decisions. We developed through map-based interviews, a novel seven-step framework to collect and map local knowledge on ciguatera risk and fisheries activities with two innovations: (i) better mapping of fishing grounds by combining geomorphological habitat and fishing gear information, and (ii) integrating ciguatera risk directly into systematic spatial planning designs and scenarios conceived to maximize benthic habitat conservation while minimizing impacts to fishers. The approach is illustrated for Raivavae Island, in French Polynesia, Pacific Ocean. We found that integrating ciguatera zones significantly improved prioritization solutions with a 24–38% decrease of costs to fishers compared to scenarios based solely on fishery data. This framework was designed for scientists and managers to optimize the implementation of conservation plans and could be generalized to ciguatera-prone areas.; Des millions de personnes dépendent de la pêche artisanale. Dans de nombreuses régions cependant, les pêcheurs font de plus en plus face à des intoxications alimentaires dues à la ciguatéra, suite à la consommation de produits de la mer contaminés. La toxine, produite par un dinoflagellé benthique, peut se répandre dans les réseaux trophiques marins et affecter les hommes suite à la consommation de poissons ou invertébrés. Le risque de ciguatéra peut jouer un rôle majeur dans les pêcheries lagonaires, mais il n’a encore jamais été pris en compte dans la planification spatiale marine. Pour combler ce manque, nous avons examiné si intégrer la ciguatéra dans la planification systématique de la conservation allait affecter les résultats. Nous avons développé une méthodologie en sept étapes pour collecter et spatialiser les savoirs locaux sur la ciguatéra et les activités de pêche via des entretiens basés sur des cartes, incluant deux innovations : (i) cartographier plus précisément les zones de pêche en combinant des informations sur les instruments de pêche et les habitats et (ii) intégrer le risque de ciguatéra directement dans le design de planification, celui-ci étant conçu pour maximiser la conservation des habitats benthiques tout en minimisant l’impact pour les pêcheurs. L’approche est illustrée par l’île de Raivavae, en Polynésie française, dans l’Océan Pacifique. Nos résultats montrent qu’intégrer les zones à ciguatéra a significativement amélioré le design des plans de conservation, avec une diminution de 24-38% des coûts infligés aux pêcheurs par rapport aux scénarios basés uniquement sur des données de pêche. Cette méthodologie est destinée aux scientifiques et gestionnaires afin d’optimiser la mise en œuvre de plans de conservation, et elle pourrait être généralisée à toutes les régions concernées par la ciguatéra.

Abstract Women are less likely to enroll in selective or scientific courses, applying for promotions and are particularly underrepresented in both middle and top positions in the STEM field. Quota are often advocated as an instrument to reduce this gender gap, but it remains unclear at what step of the career ladder they more effectively foster women's reaching the top. Many factors may affect quota's success or failure, such as how they would in turn affect teamwork and trust between members within organizations or coordination in applying for promotions. In this paper, by means of a laboratory experiment implementing a two-stage tournament, we evaluate the impact of three different interventions in affecting individual decision to climb the career ladder, abstracting away from other possible confounding factors. We find that, compared with no intervention, a gender quota introduced in the initial stage of competition was ineffective in encouraging women to compete for the top; quotas introduced in the final stage of competition or at both stages increased women's willingness to compete for the top, without distorting the performance of the winners.

Parasites are ubiquitous in the environment, and can cause negative effects in their host species. Importantly, seabirds can be long-lived and cross multiple continents within a single annual cycle, thus their exposure to parasites may be greater than other taxa. With changing climatic conditions expected to influence parasite distribution and abundance, understanding current level of infection, transmission pathways and population-level impacts are integral aspects for predicting ecosystem changes, and how climate change will affect seabird species. In particular, a range of micro- and macro-parasites can affect seabird species, including ticks, mites, helminths, viruses and bacteria in gulls, terns, skimmers, skuas, auks and selected phalaropes (Charadriiformes), tropicbirds (Phaethontiformes), penguins (Sphenisciformes), tubenoses (Procellariiformes), cormorants, frigatebirds, boobies, gannets (Suliformes), and pelicans (Pelecaniformes) and marine seaducks and loons (Anseriformes and Gaviiformes). We found that the seabird orders of Charadriiformes and Procellariiformes were most represented in the parasite-seabird literature. While negative effects were reported in seabirds associated with all the parasite groups, most effects have been studied in adults with less information known about how parasites may affect chicks and fledglings. We found studies most often reported on negative effects in seabird hosts during the breeding season, although this is also the time when most seabird research occurs. Many studies report that external factors such as condition of the host, pollution, and environmental conditions can influence the effects of parasites, thus cumulative effects likely play a large role in how parasites influence seabirds at both the individual and population level. With an increased understanding of parasite-host dynamics it is clear that major environmental changes, often those associated with human activities, can directly or indirectly affect the distribution, abundance, or virulence of parasites and pathogens. International audience

Après des années de fort développement au tournant de la deuxième moitié du XXième siècle, le système productif alimentaire breton doit désormais faire face à des changements structurels rapides, comme le révèlent les crises successives touchant les filières animales (porc, volaille, lait, …). Ces récentes crises ont souvent une cause internationale (européenne ou pays tiers), mais l’internationalisation des systèmes productifs alimentaires peut aussi créer des opportunités pour les acteurs bretons. La Bretagne n'est bien entendu pas la seule région productrice ou transformatrice de produits alimentaires touchée par les nouveaux mécanismes sous-jacents à ces bouleversements. Cependant la Bretagne présente des spécificités, dispose d'atouts, montre des faiblesses qui imposent un diagnostic propre et des orientations originales afin de maintenir des positions porteuses d'avenir et garantes de sa prospérité future. C'est tout le travail auquel s'est attaché la Commission "Développement Economique et Recherche" du CESER que (1) d'observer sans complaisance les caractéristiques des productions primaires végétales et animales, terrestres et aquatiques, ainsi que les activités en amont et en aval de ces productions pour (2) les replacer dans le contexte concurrentiel plus général en Europe et dans le monde et (3) en tirer les principaux enseignements et propositions afin de positionner à moyen-long terme les filières bretonnes au mieux de leur potentiel. Du fait de la complexité du sujet, la Commission a fait appel à de nombreux experts extérieurs, nationaux et internationaux, s’est appuyée sur sa précédente étude "Quels modes de développement économique pour la Bretagne de demain ?" et s'est efforcée d'extraire de leurs avis une "substantifique moelle", base de recommandations que la Commission a souhaité réalistes, concrètes, à portée d'un exécutif régional. Cette étude révèle les contextes, invite à considérer les mutations en cours et à venir, précise les enjeux du futur et propose un repositionnement offensif des acteurs bretons. Elle sollicite ceux-ci afin qu'ils explorent ces pistes afin de transformer les risques et les ruptures en atouts pour le territoire.

Le marketing stratégique et opérationnel des enseignes de la grande distribution en matière de produits de la mer est analysé en relation avec leurs stratégies d''approvisionnement. Les évolutions structurelles et stratégiques des enseignes sont présentées en faisant apparaître les spécificités concernant les produits de la mer. Les incidences marketing et commerciales sont présentées en distinguant les composantes types d''approvisionnement, prix et marges et qualité. Les résultats obtenus orientent vers une redéfinition des relations contractuelles entre la grande distribution et les pêcheurs.

actes des XXXVIIe Rencontres internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoire d'Antibes & XIIe coll. AGER), 2017, 370 p. - Actes des Rencontres Internationales d'Archéologie et d'Histoire et d'Antibes; International audience; This article is about the use and exploitation of marine resources (fish, shellfish, crabs and sea urchins) by the populations of Saintes/Mediolanum (Charente-Maritime) from the 1st century BC to the 5th century AD. The methodology developed since 2014 (soil samples sieved through a fine mesh) allows the collection of abundant and hitherto unseen archaeological material. The study of four domestic and three burial sites, com¬plete with bibliographic research, provides an initial assessment of the importance of aquatic fauna in the economy of subsistence, funeral practices, and activities linked to art and architecture in the city.; Cet article porte sur l’utilisation et l’exploitation des ressources marines (poissons, coquillages, crabes et oursins) par les populations vivant à Saintes-Mediolanum (Charente- Maritime) du ier siècle av. notre ère au ve siècle de notre ère. La méthodologie mise en place depuis 2014 (prélèvements sédimentaires tamisés à maille fine) permet d’obte¬nir un matériel abondant et inédit. L’étude de quatre sites domestiques et trois funé¬raires, complétée par une recherche bibliographique, apporte un premier bilan sur la place des faunes aquatiques dans l’économie de subsistance, les pratiques funéraires et cultuelles et les activités liées à l’art et à l’architecture dans cette ville.

Background - The Biological Field Station of Paimpont (Station Biologique de Paimpont, SBP), owned by the University of Rennes and located in the Brocéliande Forest of Brittany (France), has been hosting student scientific research and field trips during the last 60 years. The study area of the SBP is a landscape mosaic of 17 ha composed of gorse moors, forests, prairies, ponds and creeks. Land use has evolved over time. Historical surveys by students and researchers focused on insects and birds. With this study, we aimed to increase the range of taxa observations, document changes in species composition and landscape and provide a basis for interdisciplinary research perspectives. We gathered historical data, implemented an all-taxon biodiversity inventory (ATBI) in different habitats of the SBP study area, measured abiotic factors in the air, water and soil and performed a photographical landscape observation during the BioBlitz held in July 2017. New information - During the 24 h BioBlitz, organised by the SBP and the EcoBio lab from the University of Rennes and the French National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), different habitats were individually sampled. Seventy-seven experts, accompanied by 120 citizens and 12 young people participating in the European Volunteer Service, observed, identified and databased 660 species covering 5 kingdoms, 8 phyla, 21 classes, 90 orders and 247 families. In total, there were 1819 occurrences including records identified to higher taxon ranks, thereby adding one more kingdom and four more phyla. Historical data collection resulted in 1176 species and 4270 occurrences databased. We also recorded 13 climatic parameters, 10 soil parameters and 18 water parameters during the BioBlitz. Current habitats were mapped and socio-ecological landscape changes were assessed with a diachronic approach using 32 historical photographs and historical maps. The coupling of historical biodiversity data with new biotic and abiotic data and a photographic comparison of landscape changes allows an integrative understanding of how the SBP changed from agriculturally-used land to a managed natural area within the last 60 years. Hence, this BioBlitz represents an important holistic sampling of biodiversity for studies on trophic webs or on trophic interactions or on very diverse, but connected, habitats. The integration of social, biotic and abiotic data opens innovative research opportunities on the evolution of socio-ecosystems and landscapes. International audience