We have developed a novel type of graphene-based transistors capable of delivering high-resolution brain mapping, implementing multiplexing strategies, and monitoring activity across a wide range of frequencies, including low frequencies. We circumvented the bottlenecks faced by other approaches thanks to the unique properties of graphene. Graphene is an outstanding conductor and provides the perfect platform for multiplexing. Thus, our system requires much fewer wires than current alternatives. Further, graphene is just one atom thick, flexible and can be integrated into ultra-soft flexible substrates, providing excellent contact with brain tissue. Our graphene transistor technology has been developed as part of the FET-Graphene Flagship and FET-proactive BrainCom projects. We have assessed the technology in rodents and demonstrated that our devices allow monitoring brain activity with very high spatial resolution and over a wide bandwidth frequency range. This project will pave the way for the clinical translation of brain-mapping neural interfaces based on graphene-transistor arrays for brain-computer interfaces.

This proposal describes the third core project of the Graphene Flagship. It forms the fourth phase of the FET flagship and is characterized by a continued transition towards higher technology readiness levels, without jeopardizing our strong commitment to fundamental research. Compared to the second core project, this phase includes a substantial increase in the market-motivated technological spearhead projects, which account for about 30% of the overall budget. The broader fundamental and applied research themes are pursued by 15 work packages and supported by four work packages on innovation, industrialization, dissemination and management. The consortium that is involved in this project includes over 150 academic and industrial partners in over 20 European countries.

The 2D Experimental Pilot Line (2D-EPL) project will establish a European ecosystem for prototype production of Graphene and Related Materials (GRM) based electronics, photonics and sensors. The project will cover the whole value chain including tool manufacturers, chemical and material providers and pilot lines to offer prototyping services to companies, research centers and academics. The 2D-EPL targets to the adoption of GRM integration by commercial semiconductor foundries and integrated device manufacturers through technology transfer and licensing. The project is built on two pillars. In Pillar 1, the 2D-EPL will offer prototyping services for 150 and 200 mm wafers, based on the current state of the art graphene device manufacturing and integration techniques. This will ensure external users and customers are served by the 2D-EPL early in the project and guarantees the inclusion of their input in the development of the final processes by providing the specifications on required device layouts, materials and device performances. In Pillar 2, the consortium will develop a fully automated process flow on 200 and 300 mm wafers, including the growth and vacuum transfer of single crystalline graphene and TMDCs. The knowledge gained in Pillar 2 will be transferred to Pillar 1 to continuously improve the baseline process provided by the 2D-EPL. To ensure sustainability of the 2D-EPL service after the project duration, integration with EUROPRACTICE consortium will be prepared. It provides for the European actors a platform to develop smart integrated systems, from advanced prototype design to small volume production. In addition, for the efficiency of the industrial exploitation, an Industrial Advisory Board consisting mainly of leading European semiconductor manufacturers and foundries will closely track and advise the progress of the 2D-EPL. This approach will enable European players to take the lead in this emerging field of technology.

Neurostimulation therapies hold the promise to treat brain diseases refractory to pharmacological treatment. However, these therapies are not fully adopted due to important technological and clinical challenges, such as highly invasive implantation, multiple side effects due to off-target stimulation, low signal resolution and lack of personalized therapies. The MINIGRAPH project aims to develop a ground-breaking neuromodulation therapy that addresses current needs of the field. We will develop and validate a new generation of brain implants with closed-loop neuromodulation capabilities, enabled by skull implanted flexible electronics unit and miniature and high-density arrays of graphene microelectrodes. Our implant will feature high miniaturization, large spatial resolution and optimal biocompatibility with brain tissue. The closed-loop capabilities will enable to develop personalized and adaptive therapies depending on patients’ needs. In addition, we will also develop and validate a minimally invasive implantation procedure with high precision implantation and low invasiveness through a single small skull incision. The MINIGRAPH project outcomes will truly revolutionize the way we treat neurological and neuropsychiatric diseases in the near future. To achieve our ambitious objectives, we have put together an interdisciplinary consortium formed by high-renowned research centers and a high-promising SME, with all the expertise and resources needed to complete the project within time and budget. Our project addresses the objectives of the “Tools to measure and stimulate activity in brain tissue” pathfinder challenge, as it provides 1) miniature and minimally invasive brain implants, 2) closed-loop neuromodulation therapy for personalized medicine, 3) biocompatible ultra-thin and flexible neuroelectrodes, and 4) minimized power consumption solution. All together, we believe the MINIGRAPH project will be a unique addition to the challenge portfolio.

Neurological disorders represent one of the greatest healthcare challenges for our society (1B affected people worldwide). 25-35% of these patients are refractory to pharmacological therapy and are left with no options. Neuroelectronic therapies, aimed at recording and stimulating brain activity to restore normal brain function, are emerging as a safe alternative for them. However, current neuroelectronic implants are made of big metal leads with multiple limitations, such as poor resolution, low specificity and high invasiveness. We, at INBRAIN Neuroelectronics, have the solution. We are developing a completed platform of intelligent neuroelectronic interface systems powered by Graphene dots. We are developing graphene-based neural implants that, powered by AI, will have the capability of reading single neural cells at a resolution never seen before, detecting therapy-specific biomarkers and triggering adaptive responses for increased outcomes in personalized neurological therapies.