EAF steelmaking is the key technology for decarbonised steelmaking, either in scrap-based plant by modification of existing processes for further decarbonisation, or as new EAF installations in decarbonised integrated steel works to (partly) replace the classical BF-BOF production. At same time the EAF is the most important example for modular and hybrid heating, already now combining electric arc heating with burner technologies. Consequently, it was selected as main focus of GreenHeatEAF for the Call „Modular and hybrid heating technologies in steel production“. GreenHeatEAF develops and demonstrates the most important decarbonisation approaches at EAFs including the use of hydrogen to replace natural gas combustion in existing or re-vamped burners or innovative technologies like CoJet. Furthermore, decarbonisation of EAF steelmaking by solid materials like DRI/HBI and renewable carbon sources like biochar is tackled. Technologies to re-optimise the heating management with maximum heat recovery of off-gas and slag employing new sensor and soft-sensor concepts as well as extended digital twins are developed: as result the extended CFD and flowsheeting models, and monitoring and control tools will prognose the influences of the different decarbonisation measures on EAF and process chain to support upcoming decarbonisation investments and to enable the control of decarbonised hybrid heating with maximum energy efficiency. GreenHeatEAF combines trials in demonstration scale, e.g. in combustion- and EAF-demo plants, with validations in industrial scale and digital optimisations with high synergy. Thus, it completely follows the Horizon Twin Transition and Clean Steel Partnership objectives and the target to progress decarbonisation technologies from TRL 5 to 7. This synergic concept of GreenHeatEAF supports implementation and digitisation to speed up the transition of the European steel industry to highly competitive energy-efficient decarbonised steel productio

The massive electrification of automotive vehicles will necessarily involve the development of low cost, highly compact and low environmental impact electrical machines (EM). The objective of the MAXIMA project is to develop and validate a complete methodology to design an EM as well as the associated production system for the automotive core market. This methodology will have to deal with often incompatible constraints such as efficiency, costs reduction, high performances in terms of power/torque density, and high recyclability, especially for critical raw materials. To achieve this objective, MAXIMA will focus on a dedicated topology: Axial Flux Synchronous Machine (AFSM). ASFM currently on the market are very efficient but cover only a niche market due to their high manufacturing costs. They also offer strong exploited or unexplored options, in terms of topologies and materials. Unlike radial flux EMs, the margin for improvements of AFSM is really significant by acting on both EM design and manufacturing process flow, thus allowing higher performances and lower cost while keeping a low environmental impact. The consortium brings together research teams and companies from the entire value chain, from raw material suppliers to car manufacturers along with a recycling company. Together they can face the main technological and scientific challenges in the electromagnetic, mechanical and thermal fields, reaching a solution close to market. At the end, beside high TRL5 prototypes, the project will provide a validated methodology to accelerate the design, thereby reducing the time to market, and new technologies, such as EM digital twins, to operate EMs to their full potential.