The project SHAIR aims to define the drilling of the future, and its place in the technical and social organization of the company. It is particularly positioned in the aeronautics sector. Indeed, on the production and assembly lines, this operation takes an important place since it intervenes on parts with very high added value. Its control is therefore a major economic stake. Added to this issue is the fact that fastener housing holes are prime sites for fatigue crack initiation, therefore quality control (in terms of surface integrity and material integrity) is a really strong requirement. In this context, we wish, through our project, to design the Smart drilling - drilling of the future: first, a pair of digital twins “process” and “machine” will be developed, to predict and guarantee in real-time the quality of drilled holes and to monitor the machine fleet. It will be linked to the "real" process through multi-sensor instrumentation which will provide information in quantity, which will have to be sorted and processed in order to produce relevant indicators (KPIs) to help decision-making. In parallel with these scientific and technical developments, we will study how the deployment of the technology of the future for drilling impacts the social organization of the company via the resulting re-composition of professions. Indeed, we know that these technologies can be badly accepted by the actors of the production, in particular the operators. We will therefore seek to define different integration scenarios for this technology (operator more or less involved and empowered, decision-making at different levels - operator, supervisor, production manager) in order to study the social impact. The objective is then to define overall performance criteria (technico-social) allowing the optimal deployment of technology in the company.

Intestinal epithelium is a single layer of cells exposed to external aggressive conditions, that is renewed every 4–5 days, that makes it one of the most sensitive part of human body. Its tissue homeostasis is highly sensitive to proliferation and cell migration; events occurring in a specific microenvironment: the intestinal crypt. However, mechanical interaction within this niche may be difficult to observe in vivo and mechanical properties of this model are poorly described. Recent developments in cell imaging and culture, with the creation of artificial tissue respecting natural architecture or organoids, have opened new access for the creation of epithelial tissues models that can easily be virtualized. We propose a combination of ‘computational models’, integrating the Finite Element Method Updated and Deep Learning, and organoids humanly designed ‘biological models’, to characterize colon epithelial structures, offering a promising avenue for fully automated diagnosis analysis.

In anticipation of 2050, the total tonnage of concrete, steel, aluminum etc… necessary for the development of green energies will be 2 to 8 times the world production of 2010. How to adapt to this context and fit into as part of greener aerospace research? Part of the answer will be the design of architectural materials and functional structures with specific properties and functions. The impact will then be decisive in terms of minimizing mass or CO2 impact. However, the design of these eco-structures cannot be approached with the existing rules that are applied in the current development of aerostructures. The future Synergy Grant ECODD project intends to revolutionize the process of exploring these aerostructures combining the use of different topological optimization methods (implicit, explicit, multiscale), acceleration methods via substitution models, as well as the link to 3D printing, and flexible structures. The objective of the project is to develop an innovative method of building optimal, eco-designed structures. This transversal and collaborative work covers the field of the optimal design of materials / structures but also of processes via the life cycle analysis and the carbon footprint of the process (including type of transport, place of manufacture, recyclability etc ...) as well as reasoned high performance computing. The project aims, firstly, to design, then to manufacture (print) and test micro-architectural aerostructures and, secondly, to accelerate the design / calculation cycle through artificial intelligence techniques. Finally, the final objective would be to initiate the design / manufacture of multifunctional, multimaterial and programmable deformation aerostructures.

Many scientific challenges accompany or anticipate the development of composite structures in particular in the field of aeronautics. These include the prediction of damage under impact, crashworthiness, structural details under static and cyclic loadings. To date, the models developed by the scientific community are essentially limited to simple loadings and are validated on simply designed specimens. The special character of the composites is that the material does not exist prior to the structure. Thus, the scientific community agrees on the relevance of multi-scale or multi-levels approaches for a detailed description of the behavior. However, academic research has so far invested a lot in the lower scales (micro, meso or coupon) to identify and model the various modes of damage. VERTEX project proposes to develop a methodology for analysis and general validation that is positioned at the scale of composite structures. The samples sizes is of the order of tens of centimeters. The choice of this scale allows a unique positioning and can handle a wide range of fundamental problems. Moreover, the aim of VERTEX is to propose a method of analysis or experimental validation by static tests under complex loading like compression / tension / shear. The methodology will enable a dialogue test / calculation improved and extended, which is a necessary step towards to the Virtual Testing. This is a key issue that will enable considerable economic gains and reduced design loop of aircraft or other composite structure of next generation. Like astronomers or astrophysicists who need telescopes to validate or develop their science projects, the multi-level intrinsic to the nature of composites requires the development of complex test methods. The scientific project VERTEX is therefore the first step in developing an original method of measurement and control (WP2) on a specific test device (WP1). Indeed, for model validation or analysis of the phenomenology, it is necessary to perform measurements and complex loading paths either globally across the structure, either at a more local scale (for example crack tips). These phases of engineering and instrumentation are therefore a fundamental point of the study. To test the concept coupled test / instrumentation, three issues are proposed by the partners (WP3). The first concerns the large cuts under complex loading, the second is related to the calculation of the failures of technological specimen with multi-scale calculation approach and the third one is the validation of damage models by complex fracture path. These three issues will be subject to a validation phase by means of test VERTEX (WP4) . Synthetically, the VERTEX project aims to provide a coupled experimental/measure/calculation scientific methodology to identify the behavior of composite structure. This methodology will also be able to discriminate the relevance of different models of literature. Because of its universal character, this approach will enable the aeronautic industry and others to validate research or technology of composite structures at reasonable costs.

Current civilian and military aircrafts and flying systems (e.g. UAVs) are designed from thin, lightweight, multi-material structures assembled by bolting, gluing or built-on fabrication. Due to their constitution, these structures are vulnerable to explosion phenomena that occur on their surface during a natural aggression such as lightning, or intentional aggression such as Directed Energy Weapons (DEA) or lasers. These aggressions are governed by multiphysical mechanisms in the environment close to the impacted surface (thermal, mechanical, electrical, EM). They generate superficial (top plies cracks, skeins of stripped fibres) or core damage (spalling, perforation). The residual performances of the structures are significantly diminished and the internal equipment (tanks, embedded systems) are exposed. It is necessary to protect these systems to limit their vulnerability. The objectives of the project SUSTAINED21 are in line with the civilian and military needs whose systems are susceptible to these different types of aggression, in order to envisage industrial solutions with high added value that will increase their survivability. The challenges arising from these applications are to have available a method for dimensioning the protection of structures that breaks with the current industrial practices, and contribute to the operational superiority of forces. The first objective of this study is to build an experimental database and a mapping of the damage induced by three different means of energy deposition: the lightning mean (which constitutes the reference test), the pulsed laser and the electron gun. The use of this damage mapping will make it possible to assess the similarities between the damage produced by the two alternative means with respect to the "lightning" reference test, the results of which are already available on CFRP composites. It will also ensure that they are representative, particularly with respect to the electromagnetic environment. By extension, this database can be used to compare damage from impacts at very high speeds. The second objective consists in numerically simulating the behaviour of the materials of interest under attack in order to evaluate the capability to predict the damage caused and to identify the limits of current models, particularly with regard to the application of a multiphysical loading. The achievement of this objective will be based on the adaptation of existing models and on the comparison with the mapping of the database. The third objective is to establish a methodology for using the technological bricks developed in objectives 1 and 2. The influence of the protective layers will be explored here in order to help, in the long term, the emergence of a tool for dimensioning protections. This predictive approach will be transposable to the military field for the dimensioning of future directed-energy weapons according to the layers of protection to be penetrated. This approach will satisfy the challenges for industry to reduce the costs of development studies, the most robust protections being the only ones subjected to certification/qualification lighting tests, the lightning generator being used as the final reference mean. The project is based on a partnership between an academic project leader who has worked on the modelling of damage caused by lightning, an academic partner specialized in the implementation of an experimental laser shock device, and an industrial partner expert in specifying protection layers. The proposed work involves a subcontractor in the SME sector with know-how in the implementation and analysis of laser shocks, and will be supported by DGA-Ta as the expert in lightning tests certification. The work is part of the continuity of collaborations and scientific partnerships with the DGA-Ta in Toulouse and Airbus Operation. Being interested in this field, DGA Missiles Testing SG will be able to offer its support.