The institutionalization of programs that signal corporate virtue, usually placed under the heading of “Corporate social responsibility”, is a central feature of the contemporary mutations of capitalism. While most studies focus on CSR discourse and devices, this project offers an innovative take on « responsible capitalism », by placing the lens on its managers, their work activities and their professional milieus. Through its focus on CSR professionals, the ProVirCap project pursues a triple theoretical ambition: 1/ to shed light on the reconfiguration of the borders between the market, the state, and civil society; 2/ to understand the transformations of professionalism in global companies; 3/ and to examine the ways in which gender shapes the virtuous face of capitalism. Carried out by a team of nine researchers renowned for their expertise on various management fields associated with CSR, the project will benefit from the cross-fertilization of several analytical perspectives: sociology of work, professions and organizations, economic sociology, political science, management studies, as well as gender studies. The research design combines qualitative (in-depth interviews, observations) and quantitative methods (CV scraping, questionnaire survey), and relies on a double comparison: between management fields associated with CSR (sustainable development, responsible investment, diversity and work quality, human rights, corporate giving, ethics) and between national cases (France, USA, Spain). The close dialogue with an international, interdisciplinary expert committee will anchor the project in a transnational field of research on responsible capitalism. The dissemination of the results among professionals of the sector, beyond academic circles, will help promote social sciences in a field that is particularly receptive to exchanges with academia, and contribute to the reflection around the transformation of capitalism – an issue that, against the background of the Covid-19 crisis, appears ever more vital for contemporary societies.

This project aims to explain mechanisms affecting women’s access to managerial positions, their career paths as managers and the types of management positions they occupy, in four societal contexts (France, United-Kingdom, Switzerland and Sweden). The project focuses on the first part of careers, particularly strategic for women: as managers, they are expected to exhibit a high level of organizational commitment, at a time where career prospects are enhanced but, as women, they may face high family demands. The objective is to combine various macro- and micro-level factors: individual and family-related factors, organizational conditions and HR policies, and eventually, institutional contexts and public policies. Comparisons between different societal contexts provide new insights into the complex interplay of educational, family and institutional dimensions impacting on the gendered composition of management positions. Methodology uses both qualitative and quantitative data, with sociology and economics theoretical background. Econometric analysis and interviews on individual trajectories seek to clarify factors that hinder or foster women’s access to managerial positions on the one hand, and on the other hand, the types of management positions they reach. In addition to the individual trajectories, the qualitative strand of the project investigates discourses of justification used by supervisors or HR managers to explain why they support, or not, the feminization of management positions. As such, these discourses may contribute to the statu quo by reproducing stereotypical beliefs of “feminine” and “masculine” traits and skills. A first original feature of this research is that it uses mixed empirical methods to explore associations between quantitative macroeconomic or individual data and qualitative data. Second, even though the glass ceiling has been thoroughly studied, a comparative research is expected to identify which specific levers of action are needed to foster gender equality in different institutional and societal contexts. Third, qualitative research opts for an innovative strategy for data design: data are collected from a unique transnational French company, doing business in the four countries. This strategy is expected to uncover how a unique corporate culture, developed in various HR policies across the four countries, could give rise to more or less standardized career paths, potentially conflicting with individual strategies, depending on cross-national cultures of gender roles as well as institutional and societal contexts.

Industrialcitizenshiprediscovered: the workrootings of politicalagency, past and present Is‘industrial citizenship’ an outdated concept? This project proposes to give a negative answer to this question by exploring how industrial citizenship has always changed, following the transformations of economic, social and political contexts, and by crossingviewpoints of political science, economy and sociology. The main objective of the project is to reopen a research agenda on industrial citizenship, detached from normative references to "democracy" or "pluralism".Indeed, if academics are often interested in corporate power and companies’ influence on policy makers or democratic politics, there is a lack of scientific knowledge concerning how they “produce” citizens and “frame” citizenship. Yet the current blurring of the boundaries between the spheres of political and economic activity requiresto rework the definition of rights as well as the boundaries of the community of citizens, without limiting ourselves to a purelylegal concept of citizenship. Our main working hypothesis is that ‘industrial citizenship’ is a disputed concept, which confronts opposed and ever-evolving discourses. Thus, we will study these various and competing definitions and practices of industrial citizenship. Our second working hypothesis is that ‘industrial citizenship’ is a fruitful concept to study how political behaviors are embedded in the workplace. The work experience and the work environment profoundly and durably shape the identities, representations and practices of social actors, even in their relationship to citizenship outside labor relations, and this hypothesis sheds light on the second objective of the project: to de-compartmentalize the study of industrial citizenship. Thus, industrial citizenship can be grasped at the level of a firm or an institution, as many historians and sociologists specialized in industrial relations have already done, but also at the level of a territory. We will study the way in which industrial citizenship is shaped both "from above", i.e. by the policies of the management of companies and state authorities, and "from below ", i.e. by the workers themselves and their representatives, and also by the actors (political, associative, and so on) of the territories in which these processes take place. First, using an approach inspired by political and intellectual history, we will investigate the discourse of employers, the state and workers about industrial citizenship in France. A second empirical study will be devoted to the practices of industrial citizenship. The use of public statistical data will allow us to establish an overview of industrial citizenship practices in contemporary France. Then with three qualitative monographs we will move from (objectified) practices to the (subjective) experiences of industrial citizenship. Finally, we willexplore industrial citizenship through a collective and multi-sited field survey in a large French company located abroad. It will involve studying the firm from the multiple disciplinary points of view (sociology, economics, political science), specializations (corporate management, public action, workers' participation and unionism) and locations (France and Tunisia) that allows our researchconsortium.

"The present application is for the submission of an innovative multidisciplinary H2020 research project (sociology, law, criminology, anthropology), which aims to examine the contemporary transformations of European prisons under the effect of a fundamental challenge: the management by the prison administration of the various figures of violent extremism (claiming political and/or religious commitment: ""Islamist radicalisation"", extreme left, extreme right, independentists, ""violent gangs"", etc.). By focusing on the sociology of institutions and not on individual trajectories, the future project differs from most of the work conducted as part of the ""radicalization studies"". In addition, it innovates in its methods, with a particular emphasis on socio-ethnography. This research will take the form of multi-site qualitative surveys, notably in France, Belgium, Italy, Spain, Denmark and Norway. The MRSEI funding will also explore field work opportunities in other European prisons. The first objective is to analyse and compare, through in-depth case studies, the strategies of national prison administrations in the detection, identification, evaluation and treatment of violent extremism, as closely as possible to professional practices. The first level will therefore be to study the ""anchors"" of the policies followed in this area at the national level. The objective is then to analyse transnational circulations, transfers and importations of representations, policies, norms and models, architectures, criminological tools and more generally professional practices, with regard to the management of violent extremism. It will thus make it possible to measure the more diffuse impact and effects of European policies on the prevention and treatment of violent radicalisation in detention, in other words their long-term impact on representations, internal organisational and external control logics, professional standards, the legal status of prisoners."

The number of jobs related to cleaning (cleaners, domestic workers, home care workers, housemaids, …) has increased quickly for the last ten years. These occupations represent now a high potential for employment and by now, account for more than 7% of employees. The outsourcing of these activities in the 1990’s has lead to a rising isolation of this part of the labor force. At the same time, the development of a new branch by cleaning services companies, followed by the creation (still in progress) of a personal services sector, have contributed to change not only the characteristics of services relationships that are produced by cleaning activities but also the nature of cleaning occupations. Often considered as low-skilled, these occupations have poor or very poor working and employment conditions (low wages, involontary part-time, non-permanent employment, physical hazards, psychosocial risks, time constraints, ...). This research project aims at a better understanding of job quality determinants in this range of occupations. The main objective is to explore socio-economic issues created by, or associated with, the development of a cleaning sector, related to the service quality, the levels of prices and productivity, the characteristics of industrial relations,…Considering these occupations as a specific segment of the labour market is the project starting assumption: it implies the characteristics of these jobs deeply rest on social relations intertwining gender and income inequalities. That’s why it seems important to address both job quality and service quality in the cleaning sector organization. Both elements depend on two main relationships involved in cleaning services production: service relationships between employees and customers, employment relationships between employees and employers. And yet, a great diversity in organizations is observed, that vary according to the place of work (private homes, business premises, places open to the public), to the employer status (private companies, households, public administration, associations) or to the customer status (employed people, dependent persons, companies, communities). The research is based on three complementary tasks. The first one aims at giving a quantitative overview of the cleaning sector that start by looking at the structure and change in the number and the characteristics of cleaning occupations, and end by a description of the productive fabric structure. The second task explores work organization and working conditions in the sector: what are the levels of wages and how are they set? Do employees manage to balance family responsibilities and work demands? How do employees behave at their workplaces? Is there more absenteeism and turnover than in other sectors? Are these employees less committed to their work or their company than other employees? The third one is devoted to the role played by pricing and market structure in the determination of job quality and service quality: what are the institutional and economic dynamics behind prices set for cleaning services? How do these dynamics contribute to determine jointly the levels of job and service quality? From a methodological point of view, the research addresses these issues drawing upon empirical and econometric analysis using data from French surveys and both qualitative and quantitative data collected by researchers involved in the project. A survey will be conducted on a sample of persons employed in four occupations (domestic workers, home care workers, persons employed by cleaning services companies, cleaning operatives for public service). It will be completed by interviews of employers (business owners or managers, union representatives) and some companies case studies. Finally, the study aims at better understanding a relevant segment of the labour market (quantitatively and for social issues) by highlighting the interaction between job quality and service quality.