In France, industrial sites with high technological risks have the obligation to carry out a crisis management planning which describes the means, equipment and methods of intervention. However, during an industrial disaster, this planning may prove to be unsuitable and operational personnel must urgently provide an adequate response. The feedback from recent industrial accidents has identified three locks: (1) the 1st lock is systemic and based on the undeniable need to take into account the multidimensional characteristic of the situation; (2) the 2nd lock is organizational. It concerns the need to identify and analyze collective practices that constitute the inter-organizational improvisation and preserve the progress and consistency of the response to the crisis; (3) the 3rd lock is experiential. It is based on the need to form and train operational persons to improvise a response in order to increase the resilience of the territories. The lifting of these obstacles is the objective of the RESCUE project. For this, the project aims to develop a methodology and operational tools in response to the crisis in order to increase the resilience of companies and territories. The goal is to provide dynamic crisis management, foster operational agility, promote effective improvisation and improve the training and practice of emergency and operational personnel. Thus, the RESCUE project offers, thanks to the implementation of a systemic risk analysis method, a dynamic modeling of the context, which integrates risk factors, exposures and effects, at different scales of time and space, in the form of a territorial characterization. In addition, taking into account the characteristics of the context when the accident occurs (time of the day, weather, etc.) and the risk of cyber-attack in defining the response to the crisis allows operational agility and to deduce the possibilities of adaptation and interoperability. With regard to the effectiveness of improvisation, the actors' appropriation of the planning framework is analyzed and practices related to collective improvisation as well as the maintenance of inter-organizational coordination are examined. An important accomplishment of the RESCUE project is the development of a virtual reality module for training and practice in crisis management of emergency and operational personnel. Realistic and increasingly complex case studies, from an organizational and technical management point of view, will be defined on the proposal of the end users who are part of the project. The project partners are complementary and cover all the actors of crisis management. They come from the world of research, engineering and industry, which gives the project great maturity. These are: the Chemical Engineering Laboratory (skills in process safety, dynamic modeling and knowledge management), Paris Dauphine PSL University (expertise in coordination analysis in crisis situations and specialist in inter-organizational emergence), the National Institute for Industrial Environment and Risks (INERIS) (reference institute in the field of industrial risks), CRISE company (specialized in the fields of digital simulation and virtual reality) and the association SYNERZIP-LH. This association implements collective risk management between companies and security / safety actors. It brings together 18 companies, including 9 classified SEVESO III, the Grand Maritime Port of Le Havre and rescue teams, which ensures the definition of realistic case studies and the guarantee of the appropriation of the results of the project. In addition, an external steering committee has been defined with institutions (prefecture, SDIS, safety experts).

The aim of the HyResponder project is to develop and implement a sustainable trainer the trainer programme in hydrogen safety for responders throughout Europe, supporting the commercialisation of hydrogen and fuel cell technologies by informing responders involved in the permitting process, improving resilience and preparedness, and ensuring appropriate accident management and recovery. The specific objectives of the project include the development of clear and updated operational, virtual reality, and educational training for trainers of responders to reflect the state-of-the-art in hydrogen safety. The European Emergency Response Guide for responders will be revised to reflect advancements. The materials will incorporate identified intervention strategies and tactics for liquefied hydrogen applications. A Pan-European Network of responder trainers will be established and trainers from at least 10 European countries will attend a bespoke course in hydrogen safety pertinent to responders. Using feedback from the network on national specificities, educational training materials will be adapted where required to reflect regional peculiarities. The materials for responders will be translated and made available in 8 languages via an e-Platform. The translated materials will be utilised by the newly trained trainers to deliver workshops in 10 countries across Europe enhancing the reach and impact of the programme. National Training Clusters will be developed to consolidate links between the hydrogen safety and responder communities and to support the delivery of workshops at a national level. Through the establishment of an International e-forum for responders, and the integration of the translated materials in the e-Platform, it is anticipated that a sustainable pan-European training programme in hydrogen safety for responders will be developed, which will be recognised as the standard in hydrogen safety training across Europe.