Rhynchosporium leaf blotch of barley, caused by the fungus Rhynchosporium secalis, is of increasing importance in world agriculture. It is the most serious disease on winter and spring barley in the UK, causing substantial losses nationally, despite expenditure of £50M per year on fungicides. The disease is difficult to control with fungicides, as the fungus can exist for a long period in the crop without causing symptoms. A severe epidemic may then emerge without warning. The sources of infection responsible for such epidemics are not well understood. We have recently discovered, for instance, that contaminated seed may be an important primary source of the disease. This project aims to clarify the origin and early dynamics of epidemics using molecular techniques (quantitative PCR) that can detect and quantify the DNA of the pathogen in barley plants before symptoms occur. The same techniques can also detect genetic characteristics of the fungus, such as mating type, virulence, and genes responsible for resistance to fungicides. Each season, epidemics will be monitored on both winter (October-sown) and spring (March-sown) barley. Work will also be done on historical spring barley samples archived at Rothamsted over 150 years, and on samples from current crops from at least 10 sites in England, Scotland and Ireland. We aim to study short-term and long-term changes in the pathogen population. Knowledge from this project will be combined with new information from related projects being funded by BBSRC LINK, Defra, HGCA and SEERAD (at ADAS, and in Scotland, SAC and SCRI) to develop guidelines for crop husbandry and agronomic practices to reduce R. secalis population size and genetic variation to achieve sustainable control of rhynchosporium disease of barley.

Our ATP encompasses the entire agri-food sector and includes partners from leading research-based universities/institutions: University of Nottingham (top in the 2008 Research Assessment Exercise in Panel 16: Agriculture, Food and Veterinary Science), Cranfield University (which accounts for 25% of the UK's full-time postgraduates in the agriculture and environment sector), Harper Adams University College (the UK's leading land-based HE college) and Rothamsted Research (the largest agricultural research centre in the UK). Therefore, within this consortium, we have both complementary research expertise and experience in offering all levels of training within the sector from CPD courses to research degrees. The wide-ranging nature and structure of our ATP will enable participants to select training across the sectors. For example, an individual working in fresh produce might wish to select modules in crop production alongside food quality, food safety and business management. Such an integrative approach will enable us to respond to industry need, and offer the potential for innovative cross-feeding in such training. A common theme from our industry partners was that graduates are highly specialised, but also mobile within the industry, and would benefit from a wider understanding of the agri-food sector (e.g. Bakkavor responded that the ATP would provide an 'opportunity for cross-skilling courses for key food sector roles'). We will develop a flexible and responsive Advanced Training Partnership spanning the entire agri-food supply chain, including soils, water, crops, animals, post-harvest, food and nutrition. Feedback from industry has demonstrated the demand for such an holistic view, as the modern agri-food industry is not confined to particular 'sectors'. We aim to harness the scientific and teaching expertise of higher-education (HE) partners with scientific outputs from the BBSRC and other funding bodies, to deliver to a wide cohort of work-based learners, that will encompass and enable a 'CPD to PhD' progression. Our comprehensive offer will enable participants to become life-long members of the ATP, enjoy the benefits of belonging to a vibrant community of colleagues in industry and academia, and obtain a wide range of technical and contextual skills that can be deployed for maximum impact across the chain. One-day courses, workshops and conferences will be organised in association with the appropriate levy bodies and other consortium colleagues who are experiences in delivery of training. This will minimise overlap with existing provision and allow us to pool resources to develop more effective training. Training towards formal qualifications will be delivered in a number of formats. Feedback from industry has shown that flexibility is essential, hence modules will be offered via intensive blocks of teaching, work-based modules and e-learning. For those who decide to pursue an MSc, MRes or Doctorate, the research project will be based in industry with joint supervision from the employer and an academic partner. Placements in industry and academia, of flexible duration (Knowledge Exchange Partnerships) will be offered within the ATP. These may be 'stand alone' or research training placements for those undertaking MSc or Doctoral studies. Partners have experinence of managing joint academe/industry research degree programmes through, for example, CASE awards. Fee bursaries will be offered for individuals currently employed in the agri-food sector. In the first 3 years of the partnership, the bursaries will cover 100% of the course fee, with industry contributing staff time and travel expenses. From year 4 onwards, the level of the fee bursaries will gradually reduce, with industry contributing a greater proportion towards the course fees each year. We have thus designed a financial model that will ensure long-term sustainability of the ATP beyond the grant period.

Continuing population and consumption growth are driving global food demand, with agricultural activity increasing to keep pace. Europe has a major agricultural waste problem, generating some 700 million tonnes of waste annually. There is an urgent need and huge opportunity to address the efficient use of agricultural wastes, co-products and by-products (AWCB) towards delivering sustainable value chains in the farming and processing sectors. As such, AgroCycle will convert low value agricultural waste into highly valuable products, achieving a 10% increase in waste recycling and valorisation by 2020. This will be achieved by developing a detailed and holistic understanding of the waste streams and piloting a key number of waste utilisation/valorisation pathways. It will bring technologies and systems from ~TRL4 to ~TRL7 within the 3 years of the project. A post-project commercialisation plan will bring commercially promising technologies/systems to TRL8 and TRL9, ensuring AgroCycle will have an enduring impact by achieving sustainable use of AWCB both inside and outside the agricultural sector, leading to the realisation of a Circular Economy. AgroCycle addresses wastes from several agricultural sectors: wine, olive oil, horticulture, fruit, grassland, swine, dairy and poultry. The AgroCycle consortium is a large (25) multi-national group (including China) comprising the necessary and relevant multi-actors (i.e. researchers; companies in the technical, manufacturing, advisory, retail sectors (Large and SMEs); lead users; end users; and trade/producer associations) for achieving the project’s ambitions goals. Farming’s unique regional (rural) location means that AgroCycle will help reduce the EU’s Innovation Divide and address the Regional Smart Specialisation Strategies for each partner country: impact will be Regional with National and International dimensions. The presence of three partners from China ensures international synergies and a global impact.

Ramularia leaf spot, caused by the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni, has spread rapidly to become a major disease of barley in Britain and many other parts of Europe. It was first recognised in the UK in 1998 and is now important in Scotland, especially on spring barley, and is spreading into winter barley in England. The rapid, recent increase in its importance means it is poorly understood in terms of scientific understanding of the disease and the pathogen, methods of crop disease management are currently limited to fungicide applications and breeding of barley varieties for resistance to Ramularia is in its infancy. There is thus both a pressing need to understand the disease and an exciting opportunity for research to combat it. This LINK project will take an integrated approach to developing methods to controlling Ramularia which will remain robust despite rapid changes in the environment and farming systems. This will help to support production of barley, the UK's second most important crop, in a way which is economically and environmentally sustainable despite an increasingly variable climate. For control of Ramularia in the short term (up to 5 years), we will develop a forecasting system to increase the precision of fungicide applications and thus to minimise the volume of active ingredients applied to barley crops to control Ramularia. For the medium term (up to 10 years), our research will aim to break the chain of transmission of the disease by reducing contamination of barley seed stocks, partly through improved methods of identifying contamination and partly by improvements in seed treatments. For the longer term, our research will support the efforts of barley breeders to select barley varieties which are suitable for UK markets and are not susceptible to Ramularia. We will do this partly by research on the genetics of resistance, by identifying varieties which have different genes for Ramularia resistance and can thus be crossed to produce barley lines with better resistance than their parents, and partly by improving methods of selecting barley varieties with resistance to Ramularia. This research will be underpinned by advances in knowledge of the biology of the disease, unravelling the complex interactions between physical stress, toxins produced by the fungus and the resistance of barley varieties to the fungus. Advances made by this project will give barley growers the ability to control Ramularia using well-timed applications of effective fungicides, the seed trade the opportunity to reduce the spread of the disease by minimising fungal contamination of barley seed and plant breeders the opportunity of producing barley varieties with resistance to Ramularia.

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