Developping "Factories of the Future" implies to question work transformation and position of operators in their cooperation action with various technologies, such as cobots. The goal of this collaborative research project (PRC HECTTOR) - coupling ergonomics, sociology, anthropoly and process engineering - is to better understand technological, human and organizational issues of cobotization in small and medium-sized companies in France, with a prospective ambition. This focus on such companies is one of the originalities of our project, a second belongs to its origine as it is grounded in a COMUE HESAM initiative around "Factories of the Future" (the ECHINE project). To reach our objective, the project is structured around three tasks augmented by a valorization tasks. Anticipating and acting on the future implies to understand what is "already there" : the first three tasks deal with three complementary diagnosis (a social, political and technological diagonis, an organisational diagnosis and a diagnosis dealing with actual human-robot collaboration). These diagnosis will ground the construction of a prospective vision which concerns the development of management of transitions of work models. Impacts of the projects concern four main issues : • Political and social issues. Our work will help in understanding in an holistic and systemic manner health and safety, training and transition of work management in "Factories of the Future", feeding this way political and social questions. • Health and Safety, and training-skill management issues addressed through analysis of actual role of cobotization in relation to increasing/reducing of occupational health issues, training and enhancement of work. Indeed, introduction of cobots migth lead to enhance quality of work but can also lead to rigidification of work. • Transition in work management issues leading to the development of more sustainable work and more agile organization. Our work will help to understand and act on the position of operators and their work in evolution of organizations. In which way, transition in work management models : are they grounded in actual participation of humans in decision and design processes? do support the development of a qualitative work? do create sustainable work conditions ? • Technological issues related to possibilities of dynamic adaptation of design and production tools (e.g. simulation) and cobots to the diversity of situations that operators have to cope with, such as the evolutions of organizations. This implies to integrate human, health and safety, and organizational issues in early stages of design and transitions of work projects. Results of the project will be valorized by publications in each discipline, such as a common publication following a seminar. This seminar will help in targetting a more broad academic and industrial audience, in particular small and medium-size companies.

This proposal integrates the axe 1: «Human, organization, technologies » for the challenge 3 « stimulates the industry of the future». The project aims at analysing and accompanying innovative collaborative projects in fab labs More precisely, there is an evolution of the collective practices due to fablabs and we would like to study the corresponding innovations developed in those fablabs that are finally exploited by industrialists. For this, the uses of the fablabs and the interactions between heterogeneous users (makers, students, researchers, professionals, start-ups, TPE / SME, companies) will be analysed. Fablabs offers new forms of coproduction for innovations by giving a workspace, shared equipment, machines and skills within an open space. Based on the «do it yourself» principle, fablabs generate new innovation processes based on use/users. Indeed, in a fablab the user is the one who makes knickknack and takes initiatives. There is no need for a designer who has traditionally to observe a user to try to anticipate its future usage needs. Fablabs provide means to the users to launch their own innovation process and also possibilities to meet and share with other users (researchers, industrialists, civil society). The objective of the ORCILAB project is to understand the existing links between the existing collective forms of organization in fab labs and the produced innovations (on product, process, method, organization or business). We will focus on fablabs that meet industrialists (companies, professionals, start-ups) and users / markers. The stake is to question the industry of the future by the production of knowledge about industrial innovations arisen from fablabs. This project is a 4 years collaborative research project (PRC) meeting four French laboratories (PACT, GEM, G-SCOP, CRTD-CNAM) and a foreign laboratory (DRI Laval university in Quebec) with multidisciplinary skills (ergonomics, management, spatial planning, sociology, industrial engineering). The international comparison will allow within the framework of a first study (WP2) to characterize the functioning of fablabs, their uses, from the viewpoint of the cultural contexts, from the viewpoint of the collective work and from the viewpoint of the produced innovations. We plan to make interviews (63) with the managers, the users (makers and industrialists) participating in innovative projects that will be identified in the partner fablabs (7).A literature review will complete this study to characterize fablabs in comparison to other solutions able to favour co-produced innovations (collaborative platforms, ideas labs, open source solutions). The second study (WP3) aims at realizing ergonomic observations of the real activities in fablabs (60 days) by analysing identified innovative collective projects. The analysis of the activity will allow making a diagnosis of the collective forms of work favouring the innovation processes. Then, we will be able in a third study ( WP4) to accompany the design of 3 innovative collective projects (giving some recommendations on a specific organization, on artefact or on intermediate objects) thanks to simulations and experimentations (180 days) and to realize 18 interviews with the users about the results produced. This project will better formalised the fablabs uses in favour of the coproduction of innovation, knowledge on the collective activity and the practices related to innovation. Several publications in national and international congresses and papers are planned, as well as a workshop with companies and fablabs to provide them good practices (WP1).