This projects aims at developing novel techniques to generate laser light pulses (mode-locking) in the short-wave infrared (SWIR) spectral region. This is motivated by the need of reliable and tuneable sources operating at these wavelengths for various applications especially focussing on medical diagnostics and surgery, and including imaging, sensing and communications. We plan to overcome limitation of existing pulsed laser sources emitting around 2 micron wavelength by developing ultrafast fibre lasers based on Thulium gain medium which produce pulses in a self-starting way, with easily controllable properties (such as repetition rate and central frequency), and using a robust architecture suitable for out-of-the-lab applications. This project will combine the expertise of the PI (Dr. Perego from Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University) in numerical modelling and design of novel techniques for light pulses generation, with the experimental expertise of the Partner (Dr. Maria Chernysheva from Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technologies, Jena, Germany) in fibre lasers operating in the SWIR spectral region.

The political context in which disasters occur is an under-developed area of research. This is despite natural hazards posing significant political challenges by inflaming grievances, increasing resource scarcity, negatively impacting on livelihoods, and increasing criminality. As changes in local climate amplify the regularity and severity of disaster events, this research project asks: how does regime type influence the impact of disasters caused by natural hazards? And what potential disaster risk reduction strategies can be identified to facilitate and strengthen future disaster governance? This project seeks to determine the political barriers to disaster risk reduction (DRR) in Southeast Asia, with the aim of improving regional and international disaster aid dispersal across political contexts. Using Southeast Asia as a test case study, the project will develop an original dataset that maps national disaster impact across Southeast Asia according to regime type. Results in the form of a dataset, codebook and briefing paper will be disseminated to disaster relief organisation practitioners to be used as an analytical tool to guide future disaster responses and to improve the efficacy of disaster risk reduction across multiple political contexts in Southeast Asia. Eleven countries will form the basis of analysis across a thirty-year timeframe. There are two objectives: Objective One: To conduct qualitative and quantitative analysis to ascertain (a) the number, severity and impact of all disasters originated by natural hazards across Southeast Asian cases from 1991-2021, (b) the regime type, utilising existing Worldwide Governance Indicators (World Bank), Democracy Status Indicators (Freedom House) and Political Regime Characteristics (Polity IV) indicators, and (c) the regional (ASEAN), national (state agency) and sub-national (civil society and local government) disaster responses. A regression analysis will assess the relationship between regime type and disasters impact across the eleven Southeast Asian cases between 1991-2021. Objective Two: To (a) process and evaluate the dataset established under objective one and (b) compile findings for dissemination to beneficiaries in the form of three academic articles, a policy brief, infographics, two training and networking workshops and two academic conferences. The dataset and codebook will be shared on a custom-built website. There is no existing dataset that examines the relationship between disasters impact and regime type. This new dataset will be used as an analytical tool to help inform disaster relief organisations of the political context in which they operate, the types of DRR and response strategies utilised in the past, those that will be most effective per country, and predicted responses to future disasters irrespective of changes in political context. Early engagement with beneficiaries has identified two user-related needs that the project will deliver on: 1. to enhance knowledge of context-specific restrictions impacting on the ability of disaster relief organisations and their community-based partners to perform their role in DRR and response effectively. 2. to generate a quantitative dataset that can be used by organisations as evidence when lobbying state policymakers for organisational funding and resource acquisition. The dataset will be disseminated to international and UK-based disaster relief organisations working in DRR. Outputs will supplement data and knowledge gaps to improve context-specific disaster responses and aid dispersal, support state and private funding initiatives, and influence policymaking. This will support the capacity of these organisations to work with local communities and government authorities to improve in-country DRR capacity and resilience. The project will engage with these stakeholders at all stages of the research process to achieve maximum impact.

MIBTP students undertake a period of training during their first year. This includes compulsory taught modules in statistics, programming, data analysis, AI and mini research projects.

The fast fashion industry is one of the most globalised and profitable sectors, witnessing tremendous growth over the past decades by offering consumers affordable and constantly changing clothing styles while maintaining cost efficiency. However, this success comes at a cost to society, the economy and the environment, as fast fashion companies prioritise low supply chain costs to meet consumer demands; such cost reduction is usually achieved by maintaining low salaries and poor ecological practices. Accordingly, this project focuses on complex sustainability issues and how to dissolve, resolve, or find a solution to unsustainable practices within multiple firms in fast fashion supply chains. The literature review reveals several sustainable frameworks within the fashion industry, like the Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which quantifies environmental impacts across product lifecycles; the Corporate Sustainable Responsibility (CSR) that guides ethical business practices; the Circular Economy (CE) models to redesign resource flows during the life cycle of the products, and the Triple Bottom Line (3BL), which aims to balance economic, social, and environmental performance. While these frameworks serve well in their specific domains, only TBL tries to provide an integrated approach, even though TBL fails to explain how such balance may be achieved in detail. Therefore, an approach involving various stakeholders' perspectives, including their interests, context, and barriers, would benefit fast fashion supply chains dealing with increasing complexity. A critical analysis reveals a significant opportunity to advance knowledge in terms of a systemic approach to enhance firms with sustainable supply chains and assist stakeholders in developing coordinated actions. The systems approach has the potential to a) understand how different elements within the fast fashion supply chain are interconnected, interact and influence each other, b) draw boundaries of the relevant components and interactions to study, c) consider the fast fashion supply chain as an open system that interrelates with its environment and other systems, subsystems, and elements, and d) apply the principle of equifinality to recognise multiple pathways to achieving sustainability for a company, supply chain or industry. To address this opportunity, this research aims to study fast fashion companies in their supply chain and develop an alternative method for problem structuring, decision-making, and problem-solving sustainable issues. The research objectives are to assess the current sustainability impact of fast fashion firms and their supply chains, identify the side effects and their root causes of sustainability impacts, help develop a roadmap to guide stakeholders to improve their sustainability impact, and ultimately, contribute to economic, environmental and social well-being. The research design includes an extensive literature review, expert input through focus groups, and in-depth case studies to test and validate the framework's efficacy, efficiency and effectiveness. The framework will continuously improve and adapt through iterative refinement based on the empirical data. The case study will incorporate direct observations, semi-structured interviews, and collaborative workshops with local businesses. The case studies will be in Mexico, where the context regarding sustainability awareness, regulatory frameworks, and implementation capabilities is low. This is particularly evident in small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), which often lack the knowledge, resources, and structured approaches to implement sustainable strategies. This research contributes to an enhanced understanding of sustainability issues within fast fashion supply chains. By adopting a systemic perspective and leveraging transformative interventions, companies can align with sustainable development goals and drive positive change.

The ABC (ATP Binding Cassette) transporter superfamily is found in all organisms from bacteria to humans, and they utilise energy from ATP hydrolysis to power the transport of molecules across a membrane. The human transporters are involved in a wide range of functions including protection from toxins, metabolism, controlling drug distribution in the body, mediating inflammatory responses and transporting lipids. Several members are responsible for genetic diseases, such as cystic fibrosis and adrenoleukodystrophy, whilst others are involved in causing multi-drug resistance during cancer treatment. It is well established that the function of many membrane proteins is affected by their lipid bilayer environment. Specific lipids may interact directly with a transporter and modulate function, or simply affect the general properties (thickness, fluidity) of the bilayer. The aim of this project is to investigate this protein:lipid relationship in detail for two model ABC transporter proteins, firstly a bacterial transporter, Atm1, and secondly the human transporter MRP4/ABCC4 (multidrug resistance protein 4). Atm1 can be easily expressed in E.coli, extracted and purified using styrene maleic acid polymer (SMA) to form SMA lipid particles (SMALPs). We have previously demonstrated Atm1 can be reconstituted from SMALPs into liposomes. In this project Atm1 will be reconstituted into liposomes of defined lipid composition/properties and the affect on protein function monitored. This will be combined with structural studies using electron microscopy. MRP4 can be expressed in either Sf9 insect cells or Freestyle HEK mammalian cells. The effects of these different expression systems on protein yield and function will be measured, and SMA polymer will be used to extract and purify MRP4 from each expression system to enable analysis of the co-extracted lipids by mass spectrometry.