The project SOLUTIONSplus aims to set up a global platform for shared, public and commercial e-mobility solutions, and to kick start the transition towards low-carbon urban mobility. The project work-plan encompasses city level demonstrations to test different types of innovative and integrated e-mobility solutions, vehicle and user-level demonstrations complemented by scaling up and replication activities. To appropriately address the call topic LC-GV-05-2019 and maximise its impact, SOLUTIONSplus brings together highly committed cities, industry, research, implementing organisations and finance partners. Through numerous synergistic projects, networks and a strong technical experience, the SOLUTIONSplus consortium will be able to deliver a highly ambitious project. Direct co-funding contributions will be provided by partner cities and SOLUTIONSplus works closely with UN Environment and the International Energy Agency (IEA) on a joint global urban e-mobility programme that will significantly boost replication and impact of this Innovation Action. Through the regional platforms, a global programme and local teams, the project aims to develop highly effective and innovative approaches to urban e-mobility ensuring that mobility systems and interventions from this project deliver on the Paris Agreement, meet the Sustainable Development Goals and address the New Urban Agenda. The Urban Electric Mobility Initiative (UEMI, launched by UN-Habitat) is the project coordinator, collaborating closely with the MobiliseYourCity and Decarbonising Transport partnerships. The consortium has developed a collaboration with a partner programme led by the IEA and UNEP funded by the Global Environment Facility (GEF), which will turn the overall partnership into the leading global platform on urban electric mobility.

Emissions standards for vehicles have managed to introduce state-of-the art emissions controls that have brought significant reductions in the actual emissions levels. However, there is increasing clear evidence of illegal manipulation of emission control systems by vehicle owners and widespread usage is observed in the market. In general it is almost always the vehicle’s owner or operator that tampers the EPS for economic advantages; either to reduce fuel or urea costs, or to avoid costly repairs of aged or malfunctioning equipment. Traditional OBD systems are designed to inform users about malfunctions of systems and components and notify the users of the repair needs and cannot prevent tampering. The primary target of DIAS is thus to harden vehicle environmental protection systems (EPS) against such tampering. This means that any changes in EPS hardware, software that degrade the performance of the system will be prevented, or detected. DIAS will develop innovative protection and security measures to increase the level of prevention. In case detected, information about the tampering attempt is available and is used to introduce countermeasures e.g. the activation of the driver inducement systems. DIAS brings together a highly qualified interdisciplinary team that starts with OBD and takes a two-step approach that involves implementing first measures to take early action against these activities, and a second cloud-based step that prepares methodologies and means for dealing with tampering attempts in the future that are currently unknown. Additionally DIAS will take into account that effective upcoming new tampering countermeasures can also be applied on vehicles already in the field to have an even stronger impact on preventing unnecessary environmental pollution. Finally DIAS takes advantage of future vehicle connectivity, both as opportunity and challenge, since these systems are intended to operate throughout Europe and even on a global scale.

The aim of CARES is to further develop remote emission sensing instruments, data handling and analysis such that it becomes a widespread means for the monitoring and enforcement of real-world vehicle emissions, leading to reduced emissions and improvements in air quality. To reach this goal, CARES will complement existing commercial remote emission sensing instruments with two other non-intrusive and contactless methods of measuring real-world vehicle emissions to greatly expand current measurement capabilities. We develop plume chasing instruments into easy to use tools for enforcement agents to detect high-emitters in free flowing traffic. We turn fast-response air quality sensors into roadside point samplers, adding particle mass, number and size to the remote emission sensing measurement capabilities. Furthermore, we speed up the data handling of all types of remote emission sensing instruments – existing commercial types as well as those further developed within CARES – to move them towards a real-time analysis of vehicle emission data; we merge the emissions data with vehicle technical data from national vehicle registers and relevant data from traffic and air quality management systems. Third, we eliminate today’s often very time consuming data analysis by providing a suite of open-source analytical functions for a first, quick analysis of remote emission sensing data. All our innovations aim to improve the user friendliness, to bring down costs by quicker and more automated operations, and to achieve a broader deployment potential of remote emission sensing. CARES will demonstrate these developments in three major, heavily air polluted cities in Europe identifying the best fit for the respective purpose. Finally, CARES will bring together researchers, remote emission sensing technology providers, local, regional and national authorities and many other stakeholders from Europe, China and the rest of the world, to maximize the project's exploitation potential.

Since technology and renewal of the vehicle fleet do not lower the level of pollutant emissions or improving air quality fast enough, uCARe develops specific, simple and effective measures targeted at users to further reduce pollutant emissions. These measures are based on the aggregation of scattered high quality data already collected by the consortium, supplemented with results of additional measurement campaigns, and knowledge on the behavior and underlying motivation of users. uCARe sets the following objectives: - To identify all user-influenced emission aspects (such as driving behavior and component choice) and the reduction potential of these aspects. The reduction potential is determined with an in uCARe developed emission model - A toolset consisting of the emission model as well as measures to reduce emissions. This toolset forms the basis for intervention strategies, in which measures are translated to desired behavior. The tools are made available in such a way that they can easily be used by stakeholders (such as cities and consumer organizations) outside of the project. Through this, anybody can set up local initiatives at limited cost. - The deployment of awareness campaigns and pilot projects via (already committed) stakeholders, tuned towards specific users and their motivation, to show that proposed measures are effective and feasible. - An impact assessment of user-related reduction measures, accompanied with technical evidence and options to improve pollutant emission legislation and policy. uCARe aims to be complete in the coverage of user-related emissions aspects and types of pollutants. By also implementing, monitoring and evaluating proposed measures, uCARe ensures that these are the most effective. When these effective reduction measures are implemented, pollutant emissions reductions for an individual vehicle as high as 50% are envisaged.