Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

Summary The GCRF Health, Polluted Water and Soils Network of excellence is focused on reducing health problems relating to water and soil pollution in climate-stressed, rural and deprived urban communities in Kenya, Jamaica and Grenada. We aim to achieve this by focusing on affordable and innovative technological and sociological solutions to improve access to clean water, healthy and productive soils and safe, nutritious foods. The network is based on a One Health interdisciplinary, approach, with a growing membership drawn from academic researchers, business leaders, entrepreneurs, health and environmental professionals, government officials, science policy diplomats, community leaders, and civil society and a commitment to grow. Our goal is to build a network of committed individuals, who will work together to solve problems together and will get better at getting things done. Network members will engage in a two-year programme of innovative, interconnected activities, designed to facilitate and enrich the exchange of knowledge, ideas and praxis, build capacity, and help early and mid-career academic participants to connect with the wider community and forge long-lasting, interdisciplinary collaborations and partnerships. The activities include a series "big-tent" settings including: country-based Knowledge Networks in which entrepreneurs and business will be encouraged to bring new ideas and thinking about social enterprise and for-profit schemes into the network on how to deliver change; Round-tables for diverse groups to "think out of my box" and develop pathways for realising solutions; on-line Communities of Practice to enable everyone to gain a strong understanding of the issues, evidence and potential solutions through moderated conversations; Workshops and co-laboratories, that will give members and stakeholders the opportunity to co-design innovative ways to improve health through affordable and innovative technological and sociological solutions and improved access to clean water and soils; Demonstration activities and Outreach in local communities to heighten awareness of impacts on health from polluted water and soils and solutions; two Global Digital Conferences which will include on-line presentations, chat groups, interactive sessions, and hackathons, to give network members the opportunity to demonstrate how different issues are being tackled; open access e-learning courses and training webinars on key issues leading to University certification; and an International conference to be held at the Eden Centre, UK to present the outcomes and ideas from the network, consolidate new collaborations and future actions. Some of the measurable outcomes will include improved health in selected communities Grenada, Jamaica and Kenya through greater access to clean water, soils and safe, nutritious foods; lasting partnerships and interdisciplinary collaborations able to exploit opportunities for joint research proposals, business propositions and social enterprise; and increased skills and capacities to solve challenges linked to health, climate change and pollution through collaborative and participatory methods. The results of the network's activities will be disseminated widely through the network's website, social media and academic publications, and shared in detail with the UKRI and the Global Challenge Leaders. The hallmarks of success will be a network that has developed its own compass for working with complexity, enjoys "big-tent settings for joined-up action", and whose membership gets better at getting things done by finding power and using it.

Abstracts are not currently available in GtR for all funded research. This is normally because the abstract was not required at the time of proposal submission, but may be because it included sensitive information such as personal details.

CCEASH aims to adopt a historiographical approach in order to demonstrate how smallholder farmers in Elgeyo-Marakwet County (EMC), Kenya, innovate and respond in times of crisis. The recent surge in desert locust swarms, allied to flooding and drought, across East Africa present an unprecedented urgent threat to local livelihoods, where failed harvests and crop destruction, coupled with pandemic-related collapse of global market chains, has raised concerns surrounding food shortages and impending economic collapse. In response to these crises, the Kenyan Ministry for Agriculture has called upon farmers and other stakeholders to rapidly intensify production (http://www.kilimo.go.ke/covid-19/). Dominant development narratives implicitly suggest that African smallholder farmers are highly vulnerable to new crises as they lack the adaptive capabilities to navigate multiple emerging pressures. For decades it has been argued that solutions for improving agricultural productivity and resilience in Africa stem not from indigenous farmers, but rather the transfer of knowledge, practice, skills, and technological inputs from specialists and institutions in the Global North. This approach is most recently reflected in calls for a new African Green Revolution that aims to scale up agricultural production through processes of intensification and industrialisation. Yet an increasing body of evidence highlights how these methods of farming are inherently unsustainable, contributing to approximately 24% of greenhouse gas emissions, 33% of global soil degradation and 60% of global terrestrial biodiversity loss (UNEP 2016). With evidence suggesting that locust outbreaks are intimately linked to climate extremes, it is a cruel reality that extant agricultural frameworks have fuelled the drivers of such climatic conditions whilst conterminously eroding key ecosystem services that may otherwise provide crucial resilience to the consequences. It is thus clear that 'modernising' paradigms have failed to deliver ecological wellbeing and sustainable prosperity for many smallholder farmers, suggesting that alternative frameworks are required. Postcolonial theory underscores this point through its demonstration of how development frameworks are embedded in colonial ontologies of progress that only serve to marginalise indigenous knowledges/voices and fail to build appropriate locally crafted responses. Beginning with this postcolonial critique, we seek to challenge the assumption that African smallholder farmers lack the capacity to deal with crisis, and instead to cultivate farmer-led understandings of emergency response and explore productive potentials for building resilience to future crises. Our work is premised with a unique historical perspective that views farmers as agents of innovation rather than passive individuals resistant to change. Indeed, in EMC our existing Kenyan Citizen Science team record how self-defined 'digital farmers' are innovatively responding to crisis by diversifying agricultural practices to improve on-farm resilience, whilst simultaneously intensifying kinship networks alongside digital platforms for knowledge sharing and market access. Farmers are responding through an adaptive interplay between the old and new, resonating with the deeper temporal perspective that African farming systems have long been diverse and highly adaptive. The value of this unique humanities perspective thus lies in its ability to blur dichotomies between modernity and tradition, resituate innovation and adaptation in local practice, and offer entry points for designing new rural livelihoods that prioritise farmer agency. Our research will critically reanalyse existing data to situate the current crises in the context of failed historical crisis and development interventions, build an empirical record of farmers' crisis responses in real time, and use these to co-design policy that re-centres invaluable famer knowledge and experience.

John Garstang (1876-1956) was one of the most prolific excavators of his day, digging at sites along the Egyptian and Sudanese Nile, Syria, Palestine and Turkey. Garstang was trained in the field by the most prominent excavator of the time, Flinders Petrie (1853-1942) of University College London, but soon moved on to run his own excavations, establishing the Institute of Archaeology in Liverpool (1904). Between 1884 and 1983 the Egyptian Antiquities Service could grant excavators a division of the finds made each season, reserving the most significant objects for the Egyptian Museum in Cairo. Garstang's excavations were sponsored by a committee of patrons who received a share of the finds exported under the terms of the excavation permit. Museums in the UK and worldwide benefited and other objects found their way onto the auction market, creating a widespread distribution that has yet to be recorded. This distribution (c.100 institutions) has restricted findability, accessibility, and usage. Some Garstang excavation finds and archives provide the only record of communities and landscapes that have been destroyed (e.g. Meroë in Sudan), but material is not accessioned/ catalogued. In many repositories, replicas and reference materials are confused with originals. Important objects are stored across repositories with vastly diverse research and discovery infrastructure and particularly for small museums (with a concentration in the North West), there are limited resources and no subject expertise to identify finds or reinterpret holdings. Some holdings surveys have been carried out to aid research, but whilst it remains difficult to trace a corpus of material, the Garstang collection is off the radar for multidisciplinary research purposes. This compounds a London-centric concentration of use and reuse of archaeological collections for heritage science. The largest holdings of Garstang finds and archives are held across the University of Liverpool (UoL) Garstang Museum of Archaeology, and National Museums Liverpool (NML), with approximately 50% accessioned and limited data online. Liverpool has world class experts, archaeology laboratories and digital heritage facilities offering a unique ecosystem alongside the Garstang Museum, all working as complementary enablers and connectors for heritage science research. We will transform accessibility and visibility of the distributed collection with a network of partner museums and expertise starting in the North West, with the intention to go global. We will simplify the research process, creating opportunities for academic researchers to work with collection finds in repositories that have not had recognition or visibility as research infrastructure. Researchers and curators will enhance knowledge and understanding of material composition, deepen understanding of colonial acquisition and distribution practices, working with countries of origin. Researchers will be able to investigate lost landscapes and cultures, particularly pertinent for regions with political instability. This will be achieved by: improving collection security and storage at UoL, enabling multiple stakeholders and experts to access and document the collection safely; creating virtual consultation environments using visualisers for collaborative conversations and identification of Garstang finds; adopting a comprehensive collections management system, collating records of UoL finds and data extracted from archival records and photographs, creating an online portal to publicise and track research resources across institutions and share expert digital interpretation and visualisations, including Arabic access points; create an ongoing community network of repositories to improve public understanding and usability in research, building evidence of distribution and finds information, sharing best practice in distributed collections accessibility.