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Haplo-diplontic life cycle expands coccolithophore niche

Authors: Vries, Joost; Monteiro, Fanny; Wheeler, Glen; Poulton, Alex; Godrijan, Jelena; Cerino, Federica; Malinverno, Elisa; +2 Authors

Haplo-diplontic life cycle expands coccolithophore niche

Abstract

Coccolithophores are globally important marine calcifying phytoplankton that utilize a haplo-diplontic life cycle. The haplo-diplontic life cycle allows coccolithophores to divide in both life cycle phases and potentially expands coccolithophore niche volume. Research has, however, to date largely overlooked the life cycle of coccolithophores and has instead focused on the diploid life cycle phase of coccolithophores. Through the synthesis and analysis of global scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coccolithophore abundance data (n=2534), we find that calcified haploid coccolithophores generally constitute a minor component of the total coccolithophore abundance (≈ 2 %–15 % depending on season). However, using case studies in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea, we show that, depending on environmental conditions, calcifying haploid coccolithophores can be significant contributors to the coccolithophore standing stock (up to ≈30 %). Furthermore, using hypervolumes to quantify the niche of coccolithophores, we illustrate that the haploid and diploid life cycle phases inhabit contrasting niches and that on average this allows coccolithophores to expand their niche by ≈18.8 %, with a range of 3 %–76 % for individual species. Our results highlight that future coccolithophore research should consider both life cycle stages, as omission of the haploid life cycle phase in current research limits our understanding of coccolithophore ecology. Our results furthermore suggest a different response to nutrient limitation and stratification, which may be of relevance for further climate scenarios. Our compilation highlights the spatial and temporal sparsity of SEM measurements and the need for new molecular techniques to identify uncalcified haploid coccolithophores. Our work also emphasizes the need for further work on the carbonate chemistry niche of the coccolithophore life cycle.

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influence
This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).
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impulse
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UKRI| NSFGEO-NERC An unexpected requirement for silicon in coccolithophore calcification: ecological and evolutionary implications.
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  • Project Code: NE/N011708/1
  • Funding stream: NERC
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MZOS| Mechanism of long-term changes in the northern Adriatic ecosystem
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  • Funder: Ministry of Science, Education and Sports of the Republic of Croatia (MSES) (MZOS)
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UKRI| GW4+ - a consortium of excellence in innovative research training
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  • Funder: UK Research and Innovation (UKRI)
  • Project Code: NE/L002434/1
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EC| MEDSEA
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MEDSEA
MEDiterranean Sea Acidification in a changing climate
  • Funder: European Commission (EC)
  • Project Code: 265103
  • Funding stream: FP7 | SP1 | ENV
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European Marine Science Marine Environmental Science : MEDiterranean Sea Acidification in a changing climate
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