- Oregon State University United States
- British Antarctic Survey United Kingdom
- UNI RESEARCH AS Norway
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Bristol United Kingdom
- University of Bern Switzerland
- French National Centre for Scientific Research France
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Norway
- IT University of Copenhagen Denmark
- KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Centre for Ice and Climate Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
- KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- CESDIP CNRS UVSQ / Université Paris-Saclay France
- University of Bristol (UoB) United Kingdom
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA United States
- Københavns Universitet Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement France
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Bern, Climate and Environmental Physics Switzerland
The last interglacial period (LIG, ∼ 129–116 thousand years ago) provides the most recent case study of multimillennial polar warming above the preindustrial level and a response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to this warming, as well as a test bed for climate and ice sheet models. Past changes in Greenland ice sheet thickness and surface temperature during this period were recently derived from the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core records, northwest Greenland. The NEEM paradox has emerged from an estimated large local warming above the preindustrial level (7.5 ± 1.8 °C at the deposition site 126 kyr ago without correction for any overall ice sheet altitude changes between the LIG and the preindustrial period) based on water isotopes, together with limited local ice thinning, suggesting more resilience of the real Greenland ice sheet than shown in some ice sheet models. Here, we provide an independent assessment of the average LIG Greenland surface warming using ice core air isotopic composition (δ15N) and relationships between accumulation rate and temperature. The LIG surface temperature at the upstream NEEM deposition site without ice sheet altitude correction is estimated to be warmer by +8.5 ± 2.5 °C compared to the preindustrial period. This temperature estimate is consistent with the 7.5 ± 1.8 °C warming initially determined from NEEM water isotopes but at the upper end of the preindustrial period to LIG temperature difference of +5.2 ± 2.3 °C obtained at the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) site by the same method. Climate simulations performed with present-day ice sheet topography lead in general to a warming smaller than reconstructed, but sensitivity tests show that larger amplitudes (up to 5 °C) are produced in response to prescribed changes in sea ice extent and ice sheet topography.