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How warm was Greenland during the last interglacial period?
How warm was Greenland during the last interglacial period?
The last interglacial period (LIG, ∼ 129–116 thousand years ago) provides the most recent case study of multimillennial polar warming above the preindustrial level and a response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to this warming, as well as a test bed for climate and ice sheet models. Past changes in Greenland ice sheet thickness and surface temperature during this period were recently derived from the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core records, northwest Greenland. The NEEM paradox has emerged from an estimated large local warming above the preindustrial level (7.5 ± 1.8 °C at the deposition site 126 kyr ago without correction for any overall ice sheet altitude changes between the LIG and the preindustrial period) based on water isotopes, together with limited local ice thinning, suggesting more resilience of the real Greenland ice sheet than shown in some ice sheet models. Here, we provide an independent assessment of the average LIG Greenland surface warming using ice core air isotopic composition (δ15N) and relationships between accumulation rate and temperature. The LIG surface temperature at the upstream NEEM deposition site without ice sheet altitude correction is estimated to be warmer by +8.5 ± 2.5 °C compared to the preindustrial period. This temperature estimate is consistent with the 7.5 ± 1.8 °C warming initially determined from NEEM water isotopes but at the upper end of the preindustrial period to LIG temperature difference of +5.2 ± 2.3 °C obtained at the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) site by the same method. Climate simulations performed with present-day ice sheet topography lead in general to a warming smaller than reconstructed, but sensitivity tests show that larger amplitudes (up to 5 °C) are produced in response to prescribed changes in sea ice extent and ice sheet topography.
- Oregon State University United States
- British Antarctic Survey United Kingdom
- UNI RESEARCH AS Norway
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Bristol United Kingdom
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Arthern, R. J., Vaughan, D. G., Rankin, A. M., Mulvaney, R., and Thomas, E. R.: In situ measurements of Antarctic snow compaction compared with predictions of models, J. Geophys. Res.- Earth Surf., 115, F03044, doi:10.1029/2009JF001543, 2010. [OpenAIRE]
Bakker, P., Masson-Delmotte, V., Martrat, B., Charbit, S., Renssen, H., Gröger, M., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Lohmann, G., Lunt, D. J., Pfeiffer, M., Phipps, S. J., Prange, M., Ritz, S. P., Stenni, B., Stone, E. J., and Varma, V.: Temperature trends during the Present and Last Interglacial periods - a multi-model-data comparison, Quaternary Sci. Rev., 99, 224-243, 2014. [OpenAIRE]
Bakker, P., Stone, E. J., Charbit, S., Gröger, M., Krebs-Kanzow, U., Ritz, S. P., Varma, V., Khon, V., Lunt, D. J., Mikolajewicz, U., Prange, M., Renssen, H., Schneider, B., and Schulz, M.: Last interglacial temperature evolution - a model inter-comparison, Clim. Past, 9, 605-619, doi:10.5194/cp-9-605-2013, 2013. [OpenAIRE]
Bazin, L., Landais, A., Lemieux-Dudon, B., Toyé Mahamadou Kele, H., Veres, D., Parrenin, F., Martinerie, P., Ritz, C., Capron, E., Lipenkov, V., Loutre, M.-F., Raynaud, D., Vinther, B., Svensson, A., Rasmussen, S. O., Severi, M., Blunier, T., Leuenberger, M., Fischer, H., Masson-Delmotte, V., Chappellaz, J., and Wolff, E.: An optimized multi-proxy, multi-site Antarctic ice and gas orbital chronology (AICC2012): 120-800 ka, Clim. Past, 9, 1715- 1731, doi:10.5194/cp-9-1715-2013, 2013. [OpenAIRE]
Bender, M., Floch, G., Chappellaz, J., Suwa, M., Barnola, J.- M., Blunier, T., Dreyfus, G., Jouzel, J., and Parrenin, F.: Gas age-ice age differences and the chronology of the Vostok ice core, 0-100 ka, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D21115, doi:10.1029/2005JD006488, 2006. [OpenAIRE]
Benson, C. S.: Stratigraphic studies in the snow and firn of the Greenland ice sheet, SIPRE Res. Rep., 70, 76-83, 1962.
Born, A. and Nisancioglu, K. H.: Melting of Northern Greenland during the last interglaciation, The Cryosphere, 6, 1239-1250, doi:10.5194/tc-6-1239-2012, 2012. [OpenAIRE]
Box, J. E., Yang, L., Bromwich, D. H., and Bai, L.-S.: Greenland Ice Sheet Surface Air Temperature Variability: 1840-2007, J. Clim., 22, 4029-4049, 2009
Buchardt, S. L., Clausen, H. B., Vinther, B. M., and Dahl-Jensen, D.: Investigating the past and recent 18O-accumulation relationship seen in greenland ice cores, Clim. Past, 8, 2053-2059, 10.5194/cp-8-2053-2012, 2012. [OpenAIRE]
Buizert, C., Martinerie, P., Petrenko, V. V., Severinghaus, J. P., Trudinger, C. M., Witrant, E., Rosen, J. L., Orsi, A. J., Rubino, M., Etheridge, D. M., Steele, L. P., Hogan, C., Laube, J. C., Sturges, W. T., Levchenko, V. A., Smith, A. M., Levin, I., Conway, T. J., Dlugokencky, E. J., Lang, P. M., Kawamura, K., Jenk, T. M., White, J. W. C., Sowers, T., Schwander, J., and Blunier, T.: Gas transport in firn: multiple-tracer characterisation and model intercomparison for NEEM, Northern Greenland, Atmos. Chem. Phys., 12, 4259-4277, doi:10.5194/acp-12-4259-2012, 2012. [OpenAIRE]
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).0 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).0 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!- Oregon State University United States
- British Antarctic Survey United Kingdom
- UNI RESEARCH AS Norway
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Bristol United Kingdom
- University of Bern Switzerland
- French National Centre for Scientific Research France
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research Norway
- IT University of Copenhagen Denmark
- KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Centre for Ice and Climate Niels Bohr Institute University of Copenhagen Denmark
- KOBENHAVNS UNIVERSITET Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- CESDIP CNRS UVSQ / Université Paris-Saclay France
- University of Bristol (UoB) United Kingdom
- College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Science, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA United States
- Københavns Universitet Denmark
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement France
- University of Copenhagen Denmark
- University of Bern, Climate and Environmental Physics Switzerland
The last interglacial period (LIG, ∼ 129–116 thousand years ago) provides the most recent case study of multimillennial polar warming above the preindustrial level and a response of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets to this warming, as well as a test bed for climate and ice sheet models. Past changes in Greenland ice sheet thickness and surface temperature during this period were recently derived from the North Greenland Eemian Ice Drilling (NEEM) ice core records, northwest Greenland. The NEEM paradox has emerged from an estimated large local warming above the preindustrial level (7.5 ± 1.8 °C at the deposition site 126 kyr ago without correction for any overall ice sheet altitude changes between the LIG and the preindustrial period) based on water isotopes, together with limited local ice thinning, suggesting more resilience of the real Greenland ice sheet than shown in some ice sheet models. Here, we provide an independent assessment of the average LIG Greenland surface warming using ice core air isotopic composition (δ15N) and relationships between accumulation rate and temperature. The LIG surface temperature at the upstream NEEM deposition site without ice sheet altitude correction is estimated to be warmer by +8.5 ± 2.5 °C compared to the preindustrial period. This temperature estimate is consistent with the 7.5 ± 1.8 °C warming initially determined from NEEM water isotopes but at the upper end of the preindustrial period to LIG temperature difference of +5.2 ± 2.3 °C obtained at the NGRIP (North Greenland Ice Core Project) site by the same method. Climate simulations performed with present-day ice sheet topography lead in general to a warming smaller than reconstructed, but sensitivity tests show that larger amplitudes (up to 5 °C) are produced in response to prescribed changes in sea ice extent and ice sheet topography.