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initMIP-Antarctica: An ice sheet model initialization experiment of ISMIP6
initMIP-Antarctica: An ice sheet model initialization experiment of ISMIP6
Ice sheet numerical modeling is an important tool to estimate the dynamic contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level rise over the coming centuries. The influence of initial conditions on ice sheet model simulations, however, is still unclear. To better understand this influence, an initial state intercomparison exercise (initMIP) has been developed to compare, evaluate, and improve initialization procedures and estimate their impact on century-scale simulations. initMIP is the first set of experiments of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6), which is the primary Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) activity focusing on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Following initMIP-Greenland, initMIP-Antarctica has been designed to explore uncertainties associated with model initialization and spin-up and to evaluate the impact of changes in external forcings. Starting from the state of the Antarctic ice sheet at the end of the initialization procedure, three forward experiments are each run for 100 years: a control run, a run with a surface mass balance anomaly, and a run with a basal melting anomaly beneath floating ice. This study presents the results of initMIP-Antarctica from 25 simulations performed by 16 international modeling groups. The submitted results use different initial conditions and initialization methods, as well as ice flow model parameters and reference external forcings. We find a good agreement among model responses to the surface mass balance anomaly but large variations in responses to the basal melting anomaly. These variations can be attributed to differences in the extent of ice shelves and their upstream tributaries, the numerical treatment of grounding line, and the initial ocean conditions applied, suggesting that ongoing efforts to better represent ice shelves in continental-scale models should continue.
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium
- Utrecht University Netherlands
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Germany
- University of Bern Switzerland
- Pennsylvania State University United States
154116
Agosta, C., Amory, C., Kittel, C., Orsi, A., Favier, V., Gallée, H., van den Broeke, M. R., Lenaerts, J. T. M., van Wessem, J. M., van de Berg, W. J., and Fettweis, X.: Estimation of the Antarctic surface mass balance using the regional climate model MAR (1979- 2015) and identification of dominant processes, The Cryosphere, 13, 281-296, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-13-281-2019, 2019.
Arthern, R. and Williams, C.: The sensitivity of West Antarctica to the submarine melting feedback, Geophys. Res. Lett., 44, 2352- 2359, https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL072514, 2017.
Arthern, R. J., Winebrenner, D., and Vaughan, D.: Antarctic snow accumulation mapped using polarization of 4.3-cm wavelength microwave emission, J. Geophys. Res., 111, D06107, https://doi.org/10.1029/2004JD005667, 2006.
Arthern, R. J., Hindmarsh, R. C. A., and Williams, C. R.: Flow speed within the Antarctic ice sheet and its controls inferred from satellite observations, J. Geophys. Res., 120, 1171-1188, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014JF003239, 2015. [OpenAIRE]
Asay-Davis, X. S., Jourdain, N. C., and Nakayama, Y.: Developments in Simulating and Parameterizing Interactions between the Southern Ocean and the Antarctic Ice Sheet, Current Climate Change Reports manuscript, 3, 316-329, https://doi.org/10.1007/s40641-017-0071-0, 2017.
Aschwanden, A., Bueler, E., Khroulev, C., and Blatter, H.: An enthalpy formulation for glaciers and ice sheets, J. Glaciol., 58, 441-457, https://doi.org/10.3189/2012JoG11J088, 2012.
Aschwanden, A., Aðalgeirsdóttir, G., and Khroulev, C.: Hindcasting to measure ice sheet model sensitivity to initial states, The Cryosphere, 7, 1083-1093, https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-7-1083- 2013, 2013. [OpenAIRE]
Banwell, A. F., MacAyeal, D. R., and Sergienko, O. V.: Breakup of the Larsen B Ice Shelf triggered by chain reaction drainage of supraglacial lakes, Geophys. Res. Lett., 40, 5872-5876, https://doi.org/10.1002/2013GL057694, 2013. [OpenAIRE]
Bassis, J. N. and Ma, Y.: Evolution of basal crevasses links ice shelf stability to ocean forcing, Earth Planet. Sc. Lett., 409, 203-211, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2014.11.003, 2015.
Beckmann, A. and Goosse, H.: A parameterization of ice shelfocean interaction for climate models, Ocean Model., 5, 157-170, 2003. [OpenAIRE]
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Popularity provided by BIP!- National Science Foundation (NSF)
- 1852977
- Directorate for Geosciences | Division of Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences
- Université Libre de Bruxelles Belgium
- Utrecht University Netherlands
- Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research Germany
- University of Bern Switzerland
- Pennsylvania State University United States
- Leibniz Association Germany
- California Institute of Technology United States
- French National Centre for Scientific Research France
- University of Potsdam Germany
- University of Reading United Kingdom
- Los Alamos National Laboratory United States
- University of Bern, Climate and Environmental Physics Switzerland
- University of Bristol (UoB) United Kingdom
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Center for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Germany Germany
- University of Paris-Saclay France
- UNIVERSITETET I BERGEN Norway
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science United Kingdom
- Climate and Global Dynamics Laboratory United States
- Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute Netherlands
- Hokkaido Bunkyo University Japan
- University of Pennsylvania United States
- University Corporation For Atmospheric Res United States
- Jet Propulsion Lab United States
- NASAs Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA United States
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL) California Institute of Technology United States
- University of Bristol United Kingdom
- University of California, Irvine United States
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement France
- Laboratoire de Glaciologie et de Géophysique de l'environnement
- Victoria University of Wellington New Zealand
- Swansea University United Kingdom
- University of Bremen Germany
- University Corporation for Atmospheric Research United States
- University of Leeds United Kingdom
- University of California System United States
- University of Tokyo Japan
- Vrije Universiteit Brussel Belgium
- Hokkaido University Japan
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration United States
- Climate Analysis Section Climate and Global Dynamics Division National Center for Atmospheric Research United States
- Danish Meteorological Institute Denmark
- National Center for Atmospheric Research United States
- California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory United States
- Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, NASA, Pasadena, CA United States
Ice sheet numerical modeling is an important tool to estimate the dynamic contribution of the Antarctic ice sheet to sea level rise over the coming centuries. The influence of initial conditions on ice sheet model simulations, however, is still unclear. To better understand this influence, an initial state intercomparison exercise (initMIP) has been developed to compare, evaluate, and improve initialization procedures and estimate their impact on century-scale simulations. initMIP is the first set of experiments of the Ice Sheet Model Intercomparison Project for CMIP6 (ISMIP6), which is the primary Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) activity focusing on the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. Following initMIP-Greenland, initMIP-Antarctica has been designed to explore uncertainties associated with model initialization and spin-up and to evaluate the impact of changes in external forcings. Starting from the state of the Antarctic ice sheet at the end of the initialization procedure, three forward experiments are each run for 100 years: a control run, a run with a surface mass balance anomaly, and a run with a basal melting anomaly beneath floating ice. This study presents the results of initMIP-Antarctica from 25 simulations performed by 16 international modeling groups. The submitted results use different initial conditions and initialization methods, as well as ice flow model parameters and reference external forcings. We find a good agreement among model responses to the surface mass balance anomaly but large variations in responses to the basal melting anomaly. These variations can be attributed to differences in the extent of ice shelves and their upstream tributaries, the numerical treatment of grounding line, and the initial ocean conditions applied, suggesting that ongoing efforts to better represent ice shelves in continental-scale models should continue.