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Dietary patterns acquired in early life are associated with cardiometabolic markers at school age
Background & aims: it has previously been described that dietary patterns established early in life tracked to late childhood. The aim of the present work was to analyse the association of dietary patterns that tracked from 2 to 8y with cardiometabolic markers at 8y of age.Methods: The 3 identified patterns at 2y (that previous analyses showed to track to age 8y) were: "Core(DP)", loaded for vegetables, fruits, fish, olive oil, etc.; "F&S-DP", loaded by poor-quality fats and sugars; and "Protein(DP)", mainly loaded by animal protein sources. Cardiometabolic markers at 8y were systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides, and BMI z-score. To examine whether the association of diet with the outcomes was the result of a direct effect of diet at either two or 8y, or synergy between them, we used structural equation models.Results: the associations between the patterns and the health outcomes were: Core(DP) was inversely associated with SBP and HOMA-IR; Protein(DP) was directly associated with HOMA-IR and SBP; and adherence to F&S-DP was directly associated with triglycerides and SBP. The associations between the patterns and the health outcomes were independent of BMI and were the result of a direct effect of diet at 2y, an indirect effect of diet at 2y through diet at 8y or a combination between both pathways.Conclusion: dietary patterns acquired in early life, persisting to later childhood, were associated with cardiometabolic markers at school age independently of BMI. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine,Nutrition & Dietetics,Nutrition and Dietetics, Vegetable, Triacylglycerol, Systolic blood pressure, Structural equation modeling, Risk, Protein intake, Prevention, Olive oil, Obesity, Male, Major clinical study, Lower protein, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Insulin sensitivity, Insulin resistance, Insulin, Infant formula, Infant feeding, Immunoradiometric assay, Human, Homeostasis model assessment, Homa index, High density lipoprotein cholesterol, Habit, Glucose, Fruit, Food intake, Food composition, Fish, Female, Fat intake, Dietary patterns, Dietary pattern, Dietary habits development, Diastolic blood pressure, Cholesterol, Children, Childhood, Child, Cardiovascular health, Cardiometabolic risk, Cardiometabolic markers, Carbohydrate intake, Caloric intake, Body mass, Blood-pressure, Blood sampling, Article, Anthropometry, Saúde coletiva, Química, Odontología, Nutrition and dietetics, Nutrition & dietetics, Nutrição, Medicina iii, Medicina ii, Medicina i, Interdisciplinar, General medicine, Farmacia, Engenharias iv, Enfermagem, Educação física, Critical care and intensive care medicine, Ciências biológicas iii, Ciências biológicas ii, Ciências biológicas i, Ciência de alimentos, Biotecnología
Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine,Nutrition & Dietetics,Nutrition and Dietetics, Vegetable, Triacylglycerol, Systolic blood pressure, Structural equation modeling, Risk, Protein intake, Prevention, Olive oil, Obesity, Male, Major clinical study, Lower protein, Low density lipoprotein cholesterol, Insulin sensitivity, Insulin resistance, Insulin, Infant formula, Infant feeding, Immunoradiometric assay, Human, Homeostasis model assessment, Homa index, High density lipoprotein cholesterol, Habit, Glucose, Fruit, Food intake, Food composition, Fish, Female, Fat intake, Dietary patterns, Dietary pattern, Dietary habits development, Diastolic blood pressure, Cholesterol, Children, Childhood, Child, Cardiovascular health, Cardiometabolic risk, Cardiometabolic markers, Carbohydrate intake, Caloric intake, Body mass, Blood-pressure, Blood sampling, Article, Anthropometry, Saúde coletiva, Química, Odontología, Nutrition and dietetics, Nutrition & dietetics, Nutrição, Medicina iii, Medicina ii, Medicina i, Interdisciplinar, General medicine, Farmacia, Engenharias iv, Enfermagem, Educação física, Critical care and intensive care medicine, Ciências biológicas iii, Ciências biológicas ii, Ciências biológicas i, Ciência de alimentos, Biotecnología
Background & aims: it has previously been described that dietary patterns established early in life tracked to late childhood. The aim of the present work was to analyse the association of dietary patterns that tracked from 2 to 8y with cardiometabolic markers at 8y of age.Methods: The 3 identified patterns at 2y (that previous analyses showed to track to age 8y) were: "Core(DP)", loaded for vegetables, fruits, fish, olive oil, etc.; "F&S-DP", loaded by poor-quality fats and sugars; and "Protein(DP)", mainly loaded by animal protein sources. Cardiometabolic markers at 8y were systolic blood pressure (SBP), insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and triglycerides, and BMI z-score. To examine whether the association of diet with the outcomes was the result of a direct effect of diet at either two or 8y, or synergy between them, we used structural equation models.Results: the associations between the patterns and the health outcomes were: Core(DP) was inversely associated with SBP and HOMA-IR; Protein(DP) was directly associated with HOMA-IR and SBP; and adherence to F&S-DP was directly associated with triglycerides and SBP. The associations between the patterns and the health outcomes were independent of BMI and were the result of a direct effect of diet at 2y, an indirect effect of diet at 2y through diet at 8y or a combination between both pathways.Conclusion: dietary patterns acquired in early life, persisting to later childhood, were associated with cardiometabolic markers at school age independently of BMI. (C) 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.