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Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of soil, feed and food collected in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria: A probabilistic human health risk assessment
Concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in samples of soil, feed and food collected in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria: A probabilistic human health risk assessment
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed compounds with two or more fused aromatic ring, being some of them classified as carcinogenic. In the present study, the concentrations of 16 PAHs and the sum of them (Sigma PAHs) were determined in samples of food, feed, plant and soil collected in six different heavily polluted areas (Choba, Khana, Trans Amadi, Eleme, Uyo and Yenagoa) of the Niger Delta Region (Nigeria). Principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to identify groups of variables (PAHs) and groups of samples that were the best in rendering the environmental pollution in that Region of Nigeria. In addition, PAHs food consumption and the derived carcinogenic risks were assessed in a probabilistic way. The highest Sigma PAHs (mg/kg) were: 16.7 in cow meat, 8.06 in goat meat, 25.4 in chicken meat, 7.72 in fish, 28.70 in fish feed, 15.3 in chicken feed, 8.42 in plant, and 8.80 in soil. In most of the Nigerian areas, cooked cow meat, chicken and chicken feed presented the highest impact regarding PAHs contamination. The highest intake of PAHs was through meat consumption, with a very high and unassumable carcinogenic risk, which is quite above 10(-5) for some PAHs, including benzo [a]pyrene. The results of the present survey highlight the importance of reducing PAHs content in food, specially in meat, in the Niger Delta region.
Medical Subject Headings: polycyclic compounds food and beverages
Medicina ii, Biotecnología, Planejamento urbano e regional / demografia, Limit of detection, Ciências agrárias i, Food contamination, Limit of quantitation, Biochemistry, Soil, Cancer risk, Biochemistry,Environmental Science (Miscellaneous),Environmental Sciences,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Educação física, Food intake, Medicina iii, Engenharias i, Zootecnia / recursos pesqueiros, Child, Geociências, Risk assessment, Environmental science (all), Gas chromatography, Carcinogenicity, Engenharias ii, Biodiversidade, Astronomia / física, Química, General medicine, Farmacia, Pollution, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Saúde coletiva, Benzo[a]pyrene, Ciência de alimentos, Goat, Health risk, Materiais, Ciências biológicas i, Niger delta, Carcinogen, Human, Direito, Adult, Meat, General environmental science, Principal component analysis, Nigeria, Gallus gallus, Odontología, Medicina i, Article, Health hazard, Concentration (parameter), Pahs, Chicken meat, Ciências biológicas iii, Ciências ambientais, Food consumption, Probability, Engenharias iii, Carcinogenic risks, Mass spectrometry, Fodder crop, Cow, Human health, Enfermagem, Interdisciplinar, Nonhuman, Psicología, Environmental sciences, Ensino, Cooked food, Niger delta region, Fish, Environmental science (miscellaneous), Ciências biológicas ii, Meat consumption, Controlled study, Biomarkers, Public, environmental & occupational health
Medicina ii, Biotecnología, Planejamento urbano e regional / demografia, Limit of detection, Ciências agrárias i, Food contamination, Limit of quantitation, Biochemistry, Soil, Cancer risk, Biochemistry,Environmental Science (Miscellaneous),Environmental Sciences,Public, Environmental & Occupational Health, Educação física, Food intake, Medicina iii, Engenharias i, Zootecnia / recursos pesqueiros, Child, Geociências, Risk assessment, Environmental science (all), Gas chromatography, Carcinogenicity, Engenharias ii, Biodiversidade, Astronomia / física, Química, General medicine, Farmacia, Pollution, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, Saúde coletiva, Benzo[a]pyrene, Ciência de alimentos, Goat, Health risk, Materiais, Ciências biológicas i, Niger delta, Carcinogen, Human, Direito, Adult, Meat, General environmental science, Principal component analysis, Nigeria, Gallus gallus, Odontología, Medicina i, Article, Health hazard, Concentration (parameter), Pahs, Chicken meat, Ciências biológicas iii, Ciências ambientais, Food consumption, Probability, Engenharias iii, Carcinogenic risks, Mass spectrometry, Fodder crop, Cow, Human health, Enfermagem, Interdisciplinar, Nonhuman, Psicología, Environmental sciences, Ensino, Cooked food, Niger delta region, Fish, Environmental science (miscellaneous), Ciências biológicas ii, Meat consumption, Controlled study, Biomarkers, Public, environmental & occupational health
Medical Subject Headings: polycyclic compounds food and beverages
citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).0 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average citations This is an alternative to the "Influence" indicator, which also reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).0 popularity This indicator reflects the "current" impact/attention (the "hype") of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network.Average influence This indicator reflects the overall/total impact of an article in the research community at large, based on the underlying citation network (diachronically).Average impulse This indicator reflects the initial momentum of an article directly after its publication, based on the underlying citation network.Average
Citations provided by BIP!Popularity provided by BIP!Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are widely distributed compounds with two or more fused aromatic ring, being some of them classified as carcinogenic. In the present study, the concentrations of 16 PAHs and the sum of them (Sigma PAHs) were determined in samples of food, feed, plant and soil collected in six different heavily polluted areas (Choba, Khana, Trans Amadi, Eleme, Uyo and Yenagoa) of the Niger Delta Region (Nigeria). Principal component analysis (PCA) was then used to identify groups of variables (PAHs) and groups of samples that were the best in rendering the environmental pollution in that Region of Nigeria. In addition, PAHs food consumption and the derived carcinogenic risks were assessed in a probabilistic way. The highest Sigma PAHs (mg/kg) were: 16.7 in cow meat, 8.06 in goat meat, 25.4 in chicken meat, 7.72 in fish, 28.70 in fish feed, 15.3 in chicken feed, 8.42 in plant, and 8.80 in soil. In most of the Nigerian areas, cooked cow meat, chicken and chicken feed presented the highest impact regarding PAHs contamination. The highest intake of PAHs was through meat consumption, with a very high and unassumable carcinogenic risk, which is quite above 10(-5) for some PAHs, including benzo [a]pyrene. The results of the present survey highlight the importance of reducing PAHs content in food, specially in meat, in the Niger Delta region.