Increasing number of regional conflicts associating civil and military human damages in poorly accessible places raises the problem of short and medium-term survival of injured persons and of the secondary impact of aftereffects. Among usual damages in these circumstances, hemorrhagic shock and rhabdomyolysis (large destruction of muscle cells) are among the most frequent and serious. Beyond immediate survival, it is critical to prevent the resulting development of an acute renal failure (ARF), which is determinant for the prognosis of these patients. Several solutions have been proposed to reduce the immediate mortality of hemorrhagic shock. However, their success remained relative since most of the time their efficiency relies on secondary intensive care intervention. Administration of a single dose of estrogens at the time of first care is one of these solutions. Experimental data and their simplicity of use are promising. However, physiopathologic and therapeutic information remain too scarce to consider their use at short term in human. Moreover, potential protective renal impact has not been really investigated whereas it largely conditions the later prognostic. In the case of traumatic rhabdomyolysis, the immediate survival can be improved by electrolytic protective measures and use of withers. However, degradation products released by muscle cells frequently induce an acute tubule-interstitial nephropathy leading to acute renal failure. Treatment of such an acute renal failure is most of time incompatible in the case of isolated patients or large natural disaster. Moreover, it also worsens the prognosis in the context of multiple traumas. Treatments intended to limit its renal impact, such as estrogen administration, have not been investigated to our knowledge. Our preliminary works, based on a model of resuscitated hemorrhagic shock in mice, indicate that administration of a single dose of estradiol not only improve survival of animals, whatever the genre, but also reduce the intensity of the resulting acute kidney injury in female mice (not yet studied in male) and prevents long-term development of renal fibrosis. More recently, using a model of rhabdomyolyses induced by intra-muscular glycerol injection in mice, we were also able to observe a decrease in ARF-related mortality in estrogen-impregnated mice. The main goal of this project is to estimate the feasibility and the benefits in term of survival and renal protection of a single administration of estrogen (estradiol, Premarin, estetrol) at the time of initial injury during either resuscitated hemorrhagic shock or glycerol-induced rhabdomyolysis (the two experimental models already we used in preliminary works). The end-points of the project will be: 1) survival after hemorrhagic shock (with or without preliminary resuscitation) or after induction of rhabdomyolysis; 2) development of acute kidney injury, intensity, duration including evaluation of tissue damages and functional impact; 3) determination of the most efficient and well tolerated form of estrogen, including determination of its optimal dose. Expected results: the main expected result is to show that administration of a single dose of an estrogen is able to improve survival and to prevent, or at least to attenuate the resulting acute renal failure during hemorrhagic shock or rhabdomyolysis. It is expected that this beneficial effect will be observed whatever the gender. After that, we will determine which of the 3 form of estrogen used in the study is the most efficient and exhibits the highest tolerance. Taken together, these results and the availability of the different pharmacologic forms of estrogen should provide the rational for a quick translational to human therapy in the field of war and disaster medicine. That project may end up with an interventional randomized study (double blind treatment, single dose) for preventing renal impact of traumatic hemorrhagic shock or rhabdomyolysis.