To date, dynamics of transmission of Multi-Drug Resistant Enterobacteriaceae (MDR-E, including Extended-Spectrum Beta-Lactamase and Carbapenemase-Producing Enterobacteriaceae) have been mainly studied in hospitals. Several studies suggest, however, that MDR-E spread widely in the community through human-to-human transmission. This multidisciplinary project will, using microbiology, epidemiology and mathematical modeling techniques: 1) estimate transmission rates of MDR-E from an index case to his/her household members, and 2) identify the epidemiological and microbiological factors associated with transmission (genomic characteristics of strains, relative faecal abundance, influence of the microbiota). Knowledge gained will inform decision makers and scientists with respect to the impact of control strategies to specifically control the spread of multidrug-resistant microorganisms in the community.